Deck 4: The Hellenistic World

Question 1

Slavery was viewed as abnormal throughout the Hellenistic world.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Shortly after taking the throne, Alexander dealt swiftly and harshly with a Greek rebellion by sacking the city of

A)Athens.
B)Thebes.
C)Sparta.
D)Corinth.
E)Alexandria.

Answer 2

Thebes.

Question 3

Which of the following was Alexander's last battle against the Persian king Darius?

A)Issus
B)Tyre
C)Gordium
D)Guagamela
E)Gaza

Answer 3

Guagamela

Question 4

At the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.E.), Philip II

A)was killed, leaving Alexander in control of Greece.
B)drove the Persian navy out of the Aegean Sea.
C)unified Macedon for the first time in its history.
D)suffered a humiliating defeat.
E)defeated the Greek poleis, ending their independence.

Question 5

Of all the many varieties of products traded in the Hellenistic world, the greatest trade was in gold.

Question 6

Unlike the Epicureans, the Stoics believed that complete withdrawal from the public world of politics and society was necessary in the quest for a passive and unattached life.

Question 7

At the Battle of Gaugamela,

A)Alexander's men heavily outnumbered the Persian forces.
B)Alexander broke through the center of the Persian line with his heavy cavalry, followed by the infantry.
C)the Persians were unable to use their war chariots because the narrow battlefield limited their maneuverability.
D)Persian king Darius was killed at the end of the battle.
E)Alexander was forced to retreat back to Susa after his defeat.

Question 8

Because many Hellenistic philosophers embraced equality between men and women, female infanticide disappeared during the Hellenistic era.

Question 9

In his Philippics , Demosthenes

A)portrayed Philip II as a looming threat to Greek freedom.
B)foresaw a revival of Athenian culture under the leadership of Philip II.
C)glorified the Macedonian armies as the saviors of Greece.
D)praised Philip II for freeing the Ionian cities.
E)portrayed Philip II as a looming threat to Persia.

Question 10

Seleucus was especially active in founding new cities after Alexander's death.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT one of Philip II's military reforms?

A)He abandoned the phalanx formation as too ineffective and inefficient.
B)He made use of cavalry contingents in breaking the opposing line of battle.
C)His warriors used a longer thrusting spear, double that of the Greek hoplite.
D)He made use of engineers who designed catapults to destroy enemy fortifications.
E)His infantrymen carried smaller shields and shorter swords than Greek hoplites.

Question 12

Philip II planned to defeat the Greek cities by

A)buying their submission.
B)undermining their morale with propaganda.
C)breaking up their hoplite formations with cavalry.
D)wearing them down by pinprick attacks.
E)destroying their walls with heavy cannons.

Question 13

Outside of Judea, the vast majority of Diaspora Jews completely assimilated themselves into Hellenistic society, becoming participating citizens in the various urban activities.

Question 14

After the Battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.E.), the Greek city-states were required to take an oath of loyalty to Philip of Macedonia.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the emergence of the Macedonians is CORRECT?

A)The early Macedonians were greatly admired by the Greeks for their cultural achievements.
B)The Macedonians were probably not Greek.
C)The Macedonians organized themselves in city-states like their southern Greek neighbors.
D)The Greeks prohibited them from participating in the Olympic Games.
E)Macedonia emerged as an important kingdom during the Greek Archaic Age.

Question 16

Isocrates

A)condemned Philip II for his aggression against the Greek city states.
B)agreed with Demosthenes that Alexander would be an improvement over Philip II.
C)hoped that Philip would unite the Greek world in a campaign against Persia.
D)was put to death for criticizing the gods.
E)supported Alexander of Macedonia in his struggle against his father, Philip.

Question 17

Alexander's military success against the Persians was in part attributable to

A)the chronic weakness of the Persian Empire.
B)numerically superior forces.
C)the role of Alexander's cavalry as a strike force.
D)troop loyalty in all campaigns.
E)his corps of archers.

Question 18

Alexander of Macedonia personally killed the Persian king Darius III soon after the Battle of Guagamela.

Question 19

After the death of Alexander the Great, his lead general, Ptolemy, ruled for fifteen years in Alexander's name from Bactria to Macedonia.

Question 20

Historians relying on the same source material provide vastly different pictures of Alexander the Great in their assessments of his life and legacy.

Question 21

The economic life of the Hellenistic world was characterized by

A)tremendous innovations in labor-saving machinery, as with the "Archimedean screw."
B)a significant shift in industry and manufacturing from Greece to the east.
C)little variety in products used for trading.
D)the virtual disappearance of slavery in manufacturing.
E)the Athenian control of all economic activities.

Question 22

Who wrote the treatise "On Chastity"?

A)Sappho
B)Hippocrates
C)Phintys
D)Cyme
E)Phile of Priene

Question 23

Among the most ill-treated of Hellenistic slaves were those

A)used in domestic service.
B)who worked in Egyptian gold mines.
C)who worked on the desert irrigation projects in Syria.
D)who surrendered in open combat during wars.
E)who were employed on construction projects in Susa and Persepolis.

Question 24

Scholarship on the legacy of Alexander the Great has suggested he sought

A)to emulate the Homeric warrior-hero Achilles.
B)to create a new ruling class in which only Greeks would attain positions of political authority.
C)to refuse divine status, despite requests by his subjects to vote him a living god.
D)to encourage rural development and prohibit the establishment of new cities for fear of rebellion by newly conquered peoples.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 25

The Greek general who took Egypt after Alexander's death and converted it into the longest-lasting Hellenistic kingdom was

A)Ptolemy.
B)Brassius.
C)Seleucis.
D)Antigonis.
E)Bucephalus.

Question 26

The famous Indian ruler who sent Buddhist missionaries to Greek rulers was

A)Akbar.
B)Asoka.
C)Chandragupta.
D)Shiva.
E)Bodhisattva.

Question 27

Improvements in trade and commerce in the Hellenistic world were greatly aided by all of the following EXCEPT

A)improvements in harbors.
B)revolutionary innovations in agriculture.
C)a money economy.
D)the development of major trade routes.
E)the emergence of a large merchant and artisan class.

Question 28

The greatest trade product in the Hellenistic world was

A)gold.
B)timber.
C)grain.
D)wines.
E)spices.

Question 29

Which class of women achieved the most notable gains during the Hellenistic period?

A)lower class
B)middle class
C)upper class
D)slaves
E)working class

Question 30

What was the greatest difference between education during the Hellenistic period and education during the classical period?

A)Rather than being a private enterprise, Hellenistic education became a duty of cities and their governments.
B)Poor and middle-class Greeks alike were allowed to go to Hellenistic schools.
C)The core curriculum became music and art rather than history, rhetoric, and philosophy.
D)The elective system was first introduced, allowing students to choose the subject matter they preferred over any set, classical curriculum.
E)Educational establishments were completely under the control of religious bodies and institutions.

Question 31

Which of the following was NOT a major source of slaves in the Hellenistic world?

A)Citizens who could not pay their debts were sold into slavery.
B)Children were sold into slavery by their parents.
C)Prisoners of war became slaves of their captors.
D)Persons kidnapped by pirates could be auctioned off as slaves.
E)Persons whose parents were slaves became slaves.

Question 32

The Hellenistic era describes an age that saw

A)the extension and imitation of Greek culture throughout the ancient Near East.
B)the absence of autocratic power for nearly three centuries.
C)the disappearance of a Greek cultural legacy until Roman times.
D)Alexander's successors maintain a united empire until Roman times.
E)the disappearance of Greek religious beliefs and practices.

Question 33

By the 1^st century B.C.E., which of the following was the largest city in the Mediterranean?

A)Antioch
B)Rome
C)Athens
D)Carthage
E)Alexandria

Question 34

Alexander the Great's troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture

A)Arabia.
B)Pergamum.
C)India.
D)Cochin.
E)Bactria.

Question 35

Alexander the Great's conquests in Asia occurred despite

A)his lack of military expertise prior to his father's assassination.
B)the Persian king Darius III's refusal to make any peace settlements and resort to guerilla warfare.
C)the lack of a strong cavalry and inability to capture Egypt.
D)his eventual difficulties in convincing his troops to fight so far from home.
E)violent opposition back in Greece by most of the city-states.

Question 36

Which of the following Hellenistic kingdoms was the largest and controlled much of the old Persian Empire?

A)Antigonid
B)Ptolemaic
C)Seleucid
D)Attalid
E)Hashemite

Question 37

The Hellenistic states in the centuries after Alexander the Great

A)became despotic monarchies.
B)rarely fought amongst themselves.
C)included large numbers of non-Greeks in leadership positions.
D)showed little innovation in their armies and military institutions.
E)all disappeared by the second century B.C.E.

Question 38

The Antigonid kingdom was located in

A)Palestine.
B)Egypt.
C)Macedonia.
D)Syria and Mesopotamia.
E)India.

Question 39

Hellenistic education as embodied in the gymnasium

A)was opposed by Hellenistic rulers who saw education as a threat to their power.
B)was open to all classes of society except slaves.
C)made no provision for physical education.
D)was focused exclusively upon vocational training.
E)closely and widely followed classical Greek ideas about proper education.

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic cities?

A)They were small and governed by a military elite.
B)They served as important centers of administration, most of which were dominated by Greeks and Greek culture.
C)Their inhabitants spoke only their native tongue.
D)They had a population of 10,000 and were dominated by a trading class.
E)Most were ruled by non-Greeks.

Question 41

All of the following are true about the cult of Isis EXCEPT

A)it originated in the eastern Persian empire, an outgrowth of Zoroastrianism.
B)it was one of the most popular of the mystery religions.
C)she was associated with the giver of laws and letters to humankind.
D)her cult promised an eternal life.
E)she supposedly invented the marriage contract between husband and wife.

Question 42

How did Greek religion change during the Hellenistic period?

A)It changed to various kinds of emperor worship.
B)Fertility gods took the place of the classical Greek gods.
C)The Greeks became very receptive to the eastern religious mystery cults.
D)The Greeks reverted back to a form of animism.
E)It was deeply influenced by Buddhism, brought to the west by Alexander and his successors.

Question 43

The surviving works of the Greek historian Polybius demonstrate

A)his following of Thucydides in seeking rational motives for historical events.
B)his focus on the growth of the Greek city-states from their origins to their collapse.
C)the continued failure of ancient historians to find accurate, firsthand sources.
D)his reliance on the models of Herodotus and willingness to ascribe historical change to the intervention of gods.
E)his use of oral sources and myth to supplement non-written documents.

Question 44

The mystery cults and religions of the Hellenistic world

A)were completely foreign and thus unacceptable to the Greeks.
B)helped pave the way for the success of Christianity.
C)never achieved widespread popularity due to their inability to fulfill people's spiritual needs.
D)lacked an emotional initiation experience, unlike the Greek civic cults.
E)became the state religions of the various Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question 45

The best example of Hellenistic "New Comedy" was the Athenian playwright

A)Aristophanes.
B)Menander.
C)Euripides.
D)Aeschylus.
E)Polybius.

Question 46

Hellenistic sculpture

A)never portrayed human figures.
B)was influenced by Egyptian standardized forms.
C)followed the idealism of fifth century Greek classicism.
D)abandoned the Greek practice of sculpting female nude figures.
E)was more emotional and realistic than classical Greek sculpture.

Question 47

The Greek god of healing, thought responsible for miraculous cures in the Hellenistic period, was

A)Hippocrates.
B)Asclepius.
C)Herophilus.
D)Erasistratus.
E)Euclid.

Question 48

Who was credited with having been the first to separate medicine from philosophy?

A)Hippocrates
B)Euclid
C)Aristotle
D)Herophilus
E)Erasistratus

Question 49

Which of the following statements is correct about the Hellenistic civilization?

A)It was an entirely stagnant civilization.
B)There were few achievements in science and art.
C)Signs of decline were apparent by the late third century B.C.E.
D)In comparison to earlier Greek society, there was more equality between the rich and the poor.
E)It preceded Hellenic civilization.

Question 50

The Alexandrian scholar Euclid's most famous achievement was

A)systematizing the study of geometry.
B)calculating the earth's circumference.
C)formulating and synthesizing the predominant elements in military science.
D)transferring the capital of Hellenistic science from Athens to Alexandria.
E)inventing the Archimedean screw.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is UNTRUE concerning Hellenistic culture?

A)It was a great period of literature, especially in drama, history, and biography.
B)It was a period that saw the need to preserve the writings of the classical Greeks.
C)Sculptors and architects could very easily find work in the new Hellenistic cities.
D)Artists remained social outcasts, and were rarely patronized by the rich.
E)Hellenist sculpture was often more realistic and emotional than classical Greek sculpture.

Question 52

Who of the following led a revolt against Seleucid monarchy in Judea in the 160s B.C.E.?

A)Isaiah
B)Antiochus IV
C)Judas Iscariot
D)Jesus of Nazareth
E)Judas Maccabaeus

Question 53

The scientific foundations of medicine made by Alexandrian physicians

A)continued uninterrupted through Roman times.
B)were made possible through the use of dissection and vivisection.
C)included, most importantly, a new understanding of the circulation of blood through the body.
D)made magical practices, amulets, and herbal potions obsolete.
E)abandoned their Greek roots and relied exclusively on previous Persian practices.

Question 54

Stoicism

A)was formed by Epicurus.
B)later became very popular with the Celts and Germans.
C)maintained that people could gain inner peace by seeking virtue and living according to nature.
D)believed in a material afterlife.
E)argued that one should free oneself from public activities and responsibilities.

Question 55

The most famous scientist of his era, Archimedes of Syracuse, was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

A)uniting the disciplines of science and philosophy.
B)designing military devices to thwart siege attackers.
C)creating the science of hydrostatics.
D)establishing the value of the mathematical constant pi.
E)work on the geometry of spheres and cylinders.

Question 56

An especially important cultural center with the largest library in ancient times was

A)Thebes.
B)Athens.
C)Pergamum.
D)Alexandria.
E)Persepolis.

Question 57

What was the primary difference between the philosophy of the Greek classical period and philosophy during the Hellenistic period?

A)Hellenistic philosophy dealt more with human happiness disassociated from the life of the polis .
B)Hellenistic philosophy was more political than classical philosophy.
C)Classical philosophy dealt primarily with ethics and human behavior.
D)Classical philosophy was centered in Athens; Hellenistic philosophy in Corinth.
E)Hellenistic philosophy advocated divine right monarchy.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of Jewish settlements in the Hellenistic period?

A)Jews used pagan temples as their places of worship.
B)Jews were numerous in cities in Egypt, Asia Minor, and Syria.
C)Jews were always denied political rights and treated more harshly than other resident aliens.
D)Jews were never able to live by their own laws and their own judicial system.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 59

Who maintained that the only things that exist are atoms moving through the void?

A)Isocrates
B)Plato
C)Epicurus
D)Zeno
E)Isis

Question 60

The widespread popularity of Stoicism and Epicureanism

A)demonstrated the renewed association of the happiness of individuals with the life of the polis .
B)coincided with a growth of traditional Greek religious practices.
C)suggested a new openness to thoughts of universality in the cosmopolitan Hellenistic states.
D)amounted to proof of a growing homogenization of Greek thought.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 61

Talk about:
Demosthenes

Question 62

Talk about:
Philip II

Question 63

Talk about:
Seleucids

Question 64

Talk about:
Philippics

Question 65

Talk about:
Celts

Question 66

Talk about:
Hellenistic monarchies

Question 67

Talk about:
Battle of Gaugamela

Question 68

Talk about:
hegemon

Question 69

Talk about:
Darius III

Question 70

Talk about:
Isocrates

Question 71

Talk about:
seige of Tyre

Question 72

Talk about:
Battle of Chaeronea

Question 73

Talk about:
Hellenistic

Question 74

Talk about:
Battles of the Granicus River and Issus

Question 75

Talk about:
Attalids and Pergamum

Question 76

Talk about:
Corinthian League

Question 77

Talk about:
Porus and the Battle of Hydaspes

Question 78

Talk about:
Alexandria(s)

Question 79

Talk about:
Alexander the Great

Question 80

Talk about:
Macedonia