Deck 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Question 1

Influenced by his experiences in Western Europe, upon his return to Russia, Peter the Great ordered that the serfs be emancipated and freed from their boyar lords.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Jean-Baptiste Racine is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the court of Louis XIV.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Austrian monarchy never became a highly centralized, absolutist state, in part because it included too many different national groups.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The witchcraft hysteria began to subside by the mid-seventeenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) a tempering of religious passions in the wake of religious wars.
B) the growing unwillingness of magistrates to accept the conditions generated by trials of witches.
C) the stabilization of governments after a period of crisis.
D) the questioning of traditional attitudes toward religion.
E) the passage of laws recognizing the equality of women in European society.

Question 5

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, developed the first standing army of conscripts, an army notable for its flexible tactics.

Question 6

The French royal court of Versailles was located just outside the city of Marseilles.

Question 7

As a result of the Glorious Revolution, by the beginning of the eighteenth century, Parliament possessed supreme political authority in Britain and the monarch had become merely a figurehead.

Question 8

Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was

A) the rising cost of warfare.
B) witchcraft.
C) resistance by the great nobles.
D) armed uprisings by workers in Paris.
E) peasant revolts in the countryside.

Question 9

Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.

Question 10

Population during the seventeenth century

A) increased dramatically due to greater food production.
B) increased dramatically due to the decrease of epidemic disease.
C) decreased sharply throughout Europe as peoples emigrated to colonies overseas.
D) continued to be affected by famines and plague.
E) grew steadily, marking the first major recovery since the Black Death.

Question 11

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648

A) the German population was to be converted to Catholicism.
B) all German states could choose their own religions, except for Calvinism.
C) German states were allowed to determine their religion.
D) the institution of the Holy Roman Empire was to be the ruling force in Germany for the next 100 years.
E) the Holy Roman Empire was dismembered.

Question 12

Most of the fighting during the Thirty Years' War took place in

A) the Mediterranean islands.
B) Sweden.
C) Germanic lands.
D) Spain.
E) France.

Question 13

All of the following have been identified with the "military revolution" in the century after 1560 EXCEPT

A) the increased use of militias and volunteer soldiers.
B) standing armies based upon conscription.
C) increased use of the musket and bayonet.
D) larger sailing ships, known as "ships of the line."
E) the education of officers in military schools.

Question 14

Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years' War until he was killed at Lützen, was king of

A) Poland.
B) Sweden.
C) Denmark.
D) Hungary.
E) Austria.

Question 15

The witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

A) came out of the social unrest deriving from the shift from individualism to communalism.
B) often targeted old, single women
C) was minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages.
D) was primarily restricted to rural areas.
E) all of these answers are correct.

Question 16

The Thirty Years' War has often been called the "last of the religious wars."

Question 17

Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe?

A) Sweden
B) England
C) Germany
D) Spain
E) France

Question 18

The witchcraft hysteria primarily targeted young, married women.

Question 19

During the seventeenth century the population of Europe increased dramatically, except in England, the Dutch Republic, and France.

Question 20

Imperial general Albrect von Wallenstein

A) was assassinated on the orders of Emperor Ferdinand.
B) was killed at the Battle of Nördlingen.
C) betrayed the imperial cause by joining the French army.
D) resigned his commission when it was revealed he was a secret convert to Lutheranism.
E) became the ruler of the Baltic port of Hamburg with the Peace of Westphalia.

Question 21

The War of Spanish Succession ended with

A) the Peace of the Pyrenees.
B) the Peace of Westphalia.
C) the Treaty of Ryswick.
D) the Treaty of Nystadt.
E) the Peace of Utrecht and of Rastatt.

Question 22

Louis XIV restructured the administration of the French government by all of the following EXCEPT

A) personally dominating the actions of his ministers and secretaries.
B) adding loyal followers from relatively new aristocratic families to the royal council.
C) making the court a main arena where rival aristocratic factions jockeyed for power.
D) using Versailles as a place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves and their supporters.
E) removing the central policy-making machinery of government from his own court and household.

Question 23

Absolutism means that

A) the real power in any state must be religious and exercised by the church.
B) ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right.
C) subordinate powers have an absolute right to overrule the king on conducting the affairs of state.
D) no matter how humble, male citizens have an absolute right to participate in politics.
E) rule by a secular dictator, justifying his/her authority by supposedly serving the people.

Question 24

Which of the following statements best applies to Peter the Great of Russia?

A) His program of Europeanization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military.
B) His respect for Western governments led to increased powers for the representative assembly.
C) His traditional, conservative attitude stripped away all previous social gains for women.
D) His desire to teach Russians Western customs could not be enforced among the old-fashioned nobles.
E) He rejected Westernization in favor of Orthodoxy.

Question 25

The chief reason for the wars of Louis XIV was

A) to reduce the power of the Habsburgs.
B) his desire to insure the dominance of France in all Europe.
C) to destroy the commercial superiority of the Dutch.
D) to gain ports on the Adriatic Sea.
E) spread Catholicism throughout all of Europe.

Question 26

Louis XIV used his palace at Versailles to

A) dominate the nobility and display his grandeur.
B) pursue his interest in scientific experimentation.
C) cultivate luxury crops and enhance royal revenue.
D) get away from politics and spend time with his family.
E) provide a spiritual sanctuary from a troubled world.

Question 27

Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau

A) created new ranks of intendants to govern various regions of France.
B) revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenot to flee the country.
C) established new standards of court etiquette and was intended to diminish the power of great nobles.
D) removed most French bishops from their sees and replaced them with nobles to strengthen Louis' control of the French Catholic Church.
E) moved the Estates General from Paris to Fontainebleau.

Question 28

After the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Holy Roman Empire

A) became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees.
B) was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states.
C) became divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, and Silesia.
D) was dominated by Brandenburg-Prussia, which suppressed the autonomy of all other imperial territories.
E) was ruled by the Bourbons.

Question 29

Jacques Bossuet's Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture

A) rejected as ungodly Louis XIV's system of absolute rule.
B) was the fundamental seventeenth-century statement of divine-right monarchy.
C) stressed that a limited monarchy with representative bodies was the most divine form of human government.
D) claimed that a king's authority and power were revocable under the law of God.
E) justified a "holy republic."

Question 30

Peter the Great's ambition was to make Russia more like

A) Austria.
B) Poland.
C) Prussia.
D) its former self.
E) western Europe.

Question 31

Which of the following exerted the most influence on Italy by the eighteenth century?

A) France
B) England
C) Spain
D) the Ottoman Empire
E) Austria

Question 32

In 1529 and again in 1683, Vienna was seriously threatened by

A) Russia.
B) France.
C) Prussia.
D) Austria.
E) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 33

Frederick William the Great Elector built Brandenburg-Prussia into a significant European power by

A) establishing religious uniformity in his kingdom, as evidenced in his eviction of the Huguenots.
B) freeing the peasants from the dominion of the nobles.
C) using his army whenever possible to gain his ends.
D) making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state.
E) allying Prussia with England and Russia against France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 34

The economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances

A) were noted for their innovation and originality.
B) used new accounting practices to take the tax burden off the peasants.
C) were based on the economic theory of mercantilism.
D) gave Louis the large surplus in the treasury needed to carry out his wars.
E) can best be described as capitalist.

Question 35

The Habsburg emperor was

A) archduke of Austria.
B) king of Bohemia.
C) king of Hungary.
D) Holy Roman Emperor.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 36

Under the liberum veto, an act of the Polish Sejm could be vetoed by

A) any member of the Sejm.
B) the Holy Roman Emperor.
C) the King of Poland.
D) the Polish Supreme Court.
E) the King of Russia.

Question 37

Scandinavia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries witnessed

A) Denmark expand so as to dominate the Baltic.
B) Sweden become a second-rate power after the Great Northern War.
C) Sweden and Denmark join forces to defeat and occupy Poland in 1660.
D) the economic dominance of Sweden over the rest of northern Europe.
E) the conquest of Sweden by Norway.

Question 38

The Fronde, an uprising in France that nearly overthrew Louis XIV early in his reign, was a revolt of the French

A) peasants.
B) clergy.
C) nobility.
D) urban workers.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 39

Russian society in the seventeenth century

A) witnessed the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
B) witnessed profound religious reforms in the Russian Orthodox church.
C) was characterized by a highly oppressive system of serfdom.
D) saw the rise of the merchant class to power.
E) saw the end of serfdom and the emergence of a prosperous free peasantry.

Question 40

As Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu was most successful in

A) evicting the Huguenot presence from France after the La Rochelle rebellion.
B) expanding the political and social rights of the Huguenots.
C) creating a reservoir of funds for the treasury.
D) defeating the French nobility's attempt to replace him.
E) strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy.

Question 41

The patriotic enthusiasm and pride of the English during the Elizabeth era is best characterized by the

A) philosophy of John Locke.
B) plays of William Shakespeare.
C) New Model Army.
D) Glorious Revolution.
E) King James version of the Bible.

Question 42

The French playwright Moliére is noted for all of the following EXCEPT

A) Tartuffe .
B) benefiting from the patronage of Louis XIV.
C) satirizing French religious and social customs.
D) perfecting neoclassical tragedy.
E) producing and acting in a series of comedies.

Question 43

John Locke was responsible for

A) writing the Petition of Right
B) authoring Leviathan .
C) the Instrument of Government.
D) a political work called Two Treatises of Government .
E) All of these are correct.

Question 44

The artistic movement Mannerism reached its peak with the work of

A) Fra Angelico.
B) Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
C) Peter Paul Rubens.
D) El Greco.
E) Rembrandt van Rijn.

Question 45

After eleven years of personal rule, Charles I was forced to call parliament into session in 1640

A) because he wished to go to war with France.
B) to legalize Presbyterianism in England.
C) to ratify a peace treaty with the Irish.
D) to recognize a new heir after the death of his oldest son.
E) because he was unable to defend England against a Scottish rebellion.

Question 46

The "Glorious Revolution" in 1688 in England was significant for

A) restoring Charles II and the Stuart dynasty to power.
B) bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange.
C) returning England to a Catholic commonwealth.
D) Parliament's establishment of a new monarch through a series of bloody wars.
E) the abolishment of the monarchy in favor of a republican "commonwealth."

Question 47

The first female painter admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in Haarlem and who painted scenes of everyday life was

A) Artemisia Gentileschi.
B) Judith Holofernes.
C) Mary L'Orange.
D) Judith Leyster.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 48

Baroque art

A) was a revolt against the ideals of the Italian Renaissance.
B) attempted to blend the feelings of the religious reformations with classical Renaissance art.
C) was very similar to the French Impressionists of a later period.
D) was eclectic, featuring elements of Renaissance, medieval, and Mannerist art.
E) was a rejection of neo-classicism.

Question 49

The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn was noted for

A) his formation of the French Academy of Painting and Sculptors.
B) reflecting the values of the Dutch aristocracy in his works.
C) being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century.
D) rejecting the Dutch preoccupation with realism for the Baroque style of French classicism.
E) his moody paintings of elongated religious figures.

Question 50

Thomas Hobbes

A) felt that humans were suited best to be in a pristine state of nature, without government interference.
B) stated that human nature was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order.
C) was a firm believer in democracy.
D) said that the best form of government was a theocracy.
E) argued in favor of revolution when the ruler violated religious doctrines.

Question 51

The "sleeping giant" of Eastern Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century was

A) Russia.
B) Austria.
C) Poland.
D) Greece.
E) the Ottoman Empire.

Question 52

The Baroque artist who completed Saint Peter's Basilica and the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was

A) Rembrandt van Rijn.
B) Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
C) El Greco.
D) Artemisia Gentileschi.
E) Peter Paul Rubens.

Question 53

The English Bill of Rights

A) laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.
B) resolved all of England's seventeenth-century religious questions.
C) reaffirmed the divine-right theory of kingship while limiting the king's power.
D) confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without parliamentary consent.
E) stated that taxes could only be approved by the House of Lords, not the House of Commons.

Question 54

The incident that prompted the nobles to depose James II was

A) his marriage to the Duchess of Orange.
B) the death of his first, Protestant wife under suspicious circumstances.
C) the birth of a son to his second wife, a Catholic.
D) his defeat in battle against the illegitimate son of Charles II.
E) economic collapse caused by disruptions in trade with the colonies.

Question 55

Talk about:
witches

Question 56

In the seventeenth century the prominence of the Dutch Republic as a great power

A) stemmed from its domination of Mediterranean trade.
B) was supported by economic prosperity.
C) was a result of the ejection of the House of Orange from political power in 1581.
D) came to an abrupt end when the Dutch Republic was soundly defeated by the Spanish Netherlands
E) All of these are correct.

Question 57

Under Charles II, Parliament passed the Test Act to

A) control the quality of food and drink coming from English colonies.
B) improve the quality of university graduates.
C) help Catholics gain government jobs.
D) stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices.
E) regulate promotions in the military.

Question 58

The Baroque painter who used violent motion, heavily fleshed nudes, dramatic use of light and shadow, and rich sensuous pigments in his paintings was

A) Rembrandt van Rijn.
B) Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
C) El Greco.
D) Artemisia Gentileschi.
E) Peter Paul Rubens.

Question 59

Among other things, the Petition of Right

A) stated that the King of England was elected.
B) maintained that the King could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament.
C) restored order in the English military.
D) made the English monarchy purely ceremonial.
E) made the Anglican Church the official state church of England and Scotland.

Question 60

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by

A) encouraging an alliance with Spain.
B) insisting on his right to govern through divine right.
C) persecuting Puritans.
D) lavishly spending money on the English army.
E) playing favorites.

Question 61

Talk about:
Louis XIV

Question 62

Talk about:
the Fronde

Question 63

Talk about:
Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Question 64

Talk about:
Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin

Question 65

Talk about:
divine-right monarchy

Question 66

Talk about:
parlements

Question 67

Talk about:
intendants

Question 68

Talk about:
Gustavus Adolphus

Question 69

Talk about:
Versailles

Question 70

Talk about:
absolutism

Question 71

Talk about:
Brandenburg-Prussia

Question 72

Talk about:
Edict of Fontainebleau

Question 73

Talk about:
Frederick William the Great Elector

Question 74

Talk about:
Louis XIV's wars

Question 75

Talk about:
the Hohenzollerns

Question 76

Talk about:
Peace of Westphalia

Question 77

Talk about:
Bishop Jacques Bossuet

Question 78

Talk about:
"military revolution"

Question 79

Talk about:
Peace of Utrecht

Question 80

Talk about:
Thirty Years' War