Deck 41: A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

Question 1

How did Benito Mussolini make his political debut in Italy?

A)As a mercenary strikebreaker in the employ of industrialists and landowners.
B)As a military genius that led Italy to success in World war I.
C)As a socialist party organizer and communist sympathizer.
D)As a major literary contributor and major to Italian novels.
E)As a statesman who won popular election to the Italian parliament.

Answer 1

As a mercenary strikebreaker in the employ of industrialists and landowners.

Question 2

What does the term "the people" refer to in a totalitarian regime?

A)Government and military  leaders.
B)All citizens in a country.
C)All adult males over twenty years old.
D)People who had the right to vote.
E)Members of the majority ethnic group.

Answer 2

Members of the majority ethnic group.

Question 3

Under a totalitarian government, all political parties could be eliminated because

A)the leader would not allow elections anyway.
B)everything would be decided by the leader, in his capacity of ruling for the people because they shared a mystic bond.
C)parliaments would take their places.
D)the courts would interpret the people's will.
E)all of the people would be in accord in an ideal environment.

Answer 3

everything would be decided by the leader, in his capacity of ruling for the people because they shared a mystic bond.

Question 4

What was the major source of anxiety in France in the 1920s?

A)British economic advances.
B)Emigration by French citizens.
C)An influx of foreign workers.
D)Low-cost American imported goods.
E)A powerful, vengeance-minded Germany.

Question 5

What was the "universal blight" for Eastern Europe during the 1920s?

A)Monetary inflation.
B)Excessive nationalism.
C)Labor unions.
D)Communist agitators.
E)The Black Plague.

Question 6

The mos t difficult and painful part of the Versailles Treaty for Germany was

A)the loss of Poland.
B)the war guilt clause.
C)the loss of French territory.
D)the loss of a strong military.
E)the reparations.

Question 7

What was the main cause of the sudden rise of Britain's Labour Party?

A)British worker's desire for Marxist labor unions.
B)The concern about American labor outproducing the British workers.
C)The extended depression and high unemployment rate the British experienced.
D)British desires to compete economically with France and Germany.
E)The Labour Party was actually able to fix Britain's economic woes.

Question 8

The m ain source of French anxiety in the 1920s was

A)British industrialization.
B)American financial dominance.
C)Italian politics.
D)Russian success with socialism.
E)German vengeance.

Question 9

By the end of the 1920s, the overall mood internationally may best be described as

A)hopeful.
B)depressed.
C)paranoid.
D)pessimistic.
E)radical.

Question 10

Which of the fo llowing countries seemed to fare the best after, and perhaps as a result of, World War I?

A)Britain
B)France
C)Russia
D)Italy
E)United States

Question 11

In terms of international relations, the peak movement of understanding between nations during the 1920s occurred with the

A)Paris Treaties.
B)Locarno Pact.
C)Kellogg-Briand Pact.
D)Washington Conference.
E)League of Nations.

Question 12

Italy w as in a bad way after World War I for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)Unrest because of the way the country was treated at the Paris peace talks.
B)The loss of many skilled people due to emigration to the United States.
C)A sense of being ruled by a parliamentary government that most Italians considered too liberal.
D)The loss of wartime contracts that led to massive unemployment.
E)The failure of the government to plan ahead for how to take care of the people after the war.

Question 13

After World War II, Western governments were more inclined to adopt Keynesian economic theories, meaning that they were more willing to

A)put more money into circulation even though that often leads to recessions.
B)print more paper money, even though that might devalue the currency.
C)create jobs from the top down, even if giving a false picture of a country's real economic situation.
D)juggle the books to make the economy seem stronger than it was.
E)issue bonds for local building projects.

Question 14

What was the most painful part of the Paris peace from Germany's perspective?

A)The loss of territory.
B)The cost of rearming.
C)Reparations.
D)Disarmament.
E)The war guilt clause.

Question 15

What problem did the laboring class in Great Britain experience during the period between the wars?

A)A loss in purchasing power.
B)Competition form immigrant labor.
C)Increasing productivity.
D)Chronic unemployment.
E)Improved availability of capital

Question 16

Keynesian economics places its emphasis on the role of which of the following?

A)The government.
B)The military.
C)International trade.
D)The League of Nations.
E)Free enterprise.

Question 17

In terms of international relations, what event represented the peak of understanding and interwar diplomacy between nations during the 1920s?

A)Dawes Plan.
B)Locarno Pact.
C)Wilsonian Conference.
D)Treaties of Paris.
E)Kellogg-Briand pact.

Question 18

What does the term "thinking with the blood" mean?

A)Classless struggles.
B)Military action based on intuition
C)Providing good medical care.
D)A proletarian revolution.
E)Antirationalism based on instincts.

Question 19

Fascist ec onomics was best exemplified by

A)playing a large enough role to provide direction but leaving private property alone.
B)doling out government contracts to party supporters whether or not they were profitable companies.
C)playing workers and management against each other.
D)the building of highways and the provision of monetary support for the peasants.
E)the implementation of pregnancy leaves and vacation pay for workers.

Question 20

The best support for the ideas of Marx came from the degree of industrialization achieved by

A)Germany.
B)Italy.
C)France.
D)the United States.
E)the Soviet Union.

Question 21

Mussolini pla yed upon the fears of a(n)____________________ takeover to facilitate his assumption of power.

Question 22

As the d ecade of the 1920s drew toward a close, it appeared that

A)the Soviet Union was about to make a move on eastern Europe.
B)most European countries were on their way to a full recovery from the war.
C)the Soviet Union was almost ready to take Germany's side against France.
D)an economic bubble created by circular loans was about to burst.
E)European countries, except for Germany, were close to full employment levels.

Question 23

The Da wes Plan was designed to

A)help the French obtain all reparations payments from the Germans immediately.
B)help Germany obtain a moratorium on reparations payments.
C)help rebuild eastern European cities that had been heavily damaged by the war.
D)help the Eastern European states develop democratic governments.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 24

As a result of the __ __________________, Mussolini was appointed Italy's premier king.

Question 25

In the Western world in 1929, most educated people would probably have been best described as

A)worried about the economy but hopeful for the future.
B)still angry over al of the losses during the war.
C)more afraid of communism than ever before.
D)certain that there was no need to fear Italy's fascists.
E)in much better shape economically and hopeful for a peaceful future.

Question 26

The Fre nch sent troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr Valley

A)when Germany rebelled and refused to make any reparations payments.
B)in order to prove to the Germans that any resistance on their part would not be tolerated.
C)in 1919, after France realized that German Reich marks were fast losing their value, making reparations worthless.
D)after Germany requested a pause in reparations payments in 1923.
E)after their attempted negotiations with the Germans over reparations payments broke down in 1922.

Question 27

The Italian nationalist movement for the annexation to Italy of territories containing a significant ethnic population was an example of ____________________.

Question 28

"Excessive nationalism"

A)was more prevalent in Western than in eastern Europe.
B)made certain that minorities within countries were not overlooked.
C)led to new calls for self-determination in eastern Europe.
D)brought new political parties into power in most of the European countries during the 1920s.
E)evolved into an extremely negative attitude toward any and all minorities.

Question 29

Term for identification: fascism

Question 30

___________________ is defined as the sentiment/political movement of a national minority to break away and unite with a neighboring country.

Question 31

The on ly Eastern European state to preserve its constitution throughout the inter-war period was ____________________.

Question 32

By th e Treaty of ____________________, Russia pulled out of the First World War I in 1918.

Question 33

The go vernment of the Weimar Republic

A)assembled a coalition of several political parties in order to repel attempts by communists to take over.
B)officially denounced the Versailles Treaty.
C)adopted a liberal, democratic constitution but could not earn the acceptance of the people, due to simmering resentment over the signing of the treaty.
D)put down numerous coups with the help of the strong German military.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 34

Britain's Lab our party came into existence mainly due to

A)its desire to oust Marxism and socialism from the country.
B)several union strikes that had shaken the general public's confidence in the parties involved in the strikes.
C)the extended depression and high unemployment rate the British experienced.
D)the realization that the older states had allowed the United States and Germany to outpace them technologically.
E)the split within the Liberal party over whether general strikes should or should not be called.

Question 35

Mussolini came t o power in Italy in 1922, and by 1924 he had managed to

A)win a fraudulent election that made it seem as if he were the people's choice.
B)invaded and occupied Ethiopia in North Africa.
C)pulled Italy out of the League of Nations.
D)rigged elections and put his fascist party in control of the parliament.
E)turn Italy into a near-perfect totalitarian state.

Question 36

Term for identification: Great Depression of the 1930s

Question 37

France's gr eatest concern during the 1920s was

A)where to find husbands for all the women left behind by the country's loss of about 1.5 million men.
B)whether Germany was going to pay France the money due them.
C)that people in the seized territories of Alsace and Lorraine might demand a referendum to see if they wanted to belong to Germany or France.
D)being in the unenviable position of fearing Germany's strength but feeling that no matter what Germany did, another war was out of the question.
E)whether its people felt "French enough" to fight off German aggression.

Question 38

Of America 's involvement in World War I, it would be accurate to say that

A)the country went so far into debt that most people were saying it would never recover.
B)where the economy was concerned, the war had been a good thing.
C)the stock market reacted negatively when the war ended, since people feared that manufacturing would decline.
D)most Americans hated the necessity of the war but continued to believe it had been necessary.
E)Americans gained a new perspective on their role as the world's policeman.

Question 39

In a totalitarian state, the ____________________ would be all; the ____________________, nothing.

Question 40

The U.S.-sponsored ____________________ persuaded France to leave the ____________________ and give up some reparations payments in hopes that Germany could begin an economic recovery.

Question 41

Term for identification: Labour Party

Question 42

Compare and contrast the major nations and their experience with the Great Depression. To what degree did the economic problems impact th eir politics?

Question 43

Discuss the economic innovations in the interwar years, including the key individuals and the nations where these were implemented.

Question 44

Term for identification: totalitarianism

Question 45

Term for identification: Weimar Republic

Question 46

Elaborate on the experience of the victors of World War I in the interwar years and their outlook toward the future.

Question 47

What particular iss ues did Eastern Europe face and how did they address them?

Question 48

Explain totalitarianism and how it was implemented in the interwar years.

Question 49

Term for identification: Ruhr occupation

Question 50

Term for identification: March on Rome

Question 51

Term for identification: irredentism

Question 52

Term for identification: Dawes Plan

Question 53

Term for identification: Benito Mussolini