Deck 5: China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Question 1

On what was the Ming and Qing government and bureaucracy based?

A)revisions brought about due to contact with Jesuits
B)Confucian philosophy and ethics
C)a constitution written by Qianlong
D)Legalist principles
E)Buddhist principles

Answer 1

Confucian philosophy and ethics

Question 2

What was the general condition of the residents of cities in Ming China?

A)They were uninterested in politics but much caught up in religious quests.
B)They were caught up in political intrigues.
C)They were housed and fed adequately, if not overly prosperous.
D)They were mostly relegated to menial work.
E)They were unhappy with the rule of Hongwu because trade declined.

Answer 2

They were housed and fed adequately, if not overly prosperous.

Question 3

During the Ming Dynasty, from whom did the emperor receive intelligence reports on government officials?

A)eunuchs
B)daimyo
C)merchants
D)court ladies
E)foreigners

Answer 3

eunuchs

Question 4

How did Hongwu change the government administration to make it effective?

A)He built the Great Wall to protect China from barbarians.
B)He divided China into fifteen provinces that were subdivided into counties.
C)He removed all eunuchs from serving in the imperial bureaucracy.
D)He created a quota system for the number of civil service examinations administered.
E)He appointed a Grand Vizier to operate the government.

Question 5

Who is credited with developing a new interpretation of some Confucian ideas?

A)Hongwu
B)Wang Yangming
C)Yongle
D)Zheng He
E)Qianlong

Question 6

How did Matteo Ricci's access to the emperor contribute to the Jesuits' goals?

A)It allowed for the opening of Chinese society to new ideas.
B)It allowed for the acceptance of Western ideals in China.
C)It allowed for the growing appeal of Christianity in China that lasted for centuries.
D)It allowed for the establishment of a core group of Christians among China's intellectual community.
E)It allowed for the Chinese to once again open all ports to Western traders.

Question 7

Which of the following was strongly discouraged by Ming Confucianism?

A)memorization
B)education
C)ethical conduct
D)innovation
E)harmony

Question 8

Why did the Chinese conversion from Ming to Qing rule go smoothly?

A)The Ming had already adopted a bit of Qing culture.
B)The Ming felt some kindred to the Qing, since both groups had been vandalized by the Mongols.
C)The Qing left many Ming officials completely in charge locally.
D)The Qing made it clear that only those who cooperated fully would be allowed to continue their trade practices.
E)The Qing realized the sophistication of the Ming and were already copying them in some ways before their conquest.

Question 9

During the Qing Dynasty, Chinese writing took on a new tone, with stories more often written about what?

A)court life
B)the lives of ordinary people
C)the emperor and his family
D)the change in dynasties
E)political disagreements

Question 10

How did the Chinese government respond to pirate attacks in the 16th century?

A)turned a large part of its army into a naval force
B)improved defenses and abandoned many coastal areas
C)negotiated away the rights to several islands
D)faced the pirates openly and defeated them
E)refused to believe that the pirates posed a serious threat to their control

Question 11

Which developments made it fairly easy for the Manzhou to subdue Ming China?

A)the decline of Confucianism
B)the unexpected death of China's emperor
C)the inability of the mandarins to cope with change
D)the decline in power of the eunuchs
E)the increasing rebellions by the peasant

Question 12

When the Ming Dynasty in China built up an army of one million, what was one of the primary reasons for this military growth?

A)The army was used to help restore the Great Wall.
B)The army was sent to invade and occupy Manchuria.
C)The army provided assistance in moving the capital to Beijing.
D)The only mission for the army was to fight barbarian invaders.
E)The army was always engaged in quelling unrest among the peasants.

Question 13

After the death of the first Ming emperor, which city was once again made the capital of China?

A)Shanghai
B)Macao
C)Nanjing
D)Beijing
E)Kaifeng

Question 14

To what were most Chinese schools of the Ming period geared toward?

A)preparation for careers in business
B)preparation for careers in art and literature
C)preparation for civil service examinations
D)preparation for careers in the military
E)preparation for foreign service examinations

Question 15

What would be the best description of the Ming Emperor Hongwu?

A)He was proud of being like  Qin   Emperor Shi Huang-di.
B)He was a stronger general than his grandson and successor, Yongle.
C)He was generous and a good administrator.
D)He was capable of great cruelty, but also very talented.
E)He was known as a good general but not a good administrator.

Question 16

To which single port did the Chinese government limit European trade contacts?

A)Macao
B)Guangzhou
C)Hangzhou
D)Nanjing
E)Shanghai

Question 17

What caused the Chinese to be closed to the idea of Westerners?

A)The Jesuit missionaries had not worked so hard at converting the peasants.
B)The Portuguese had offended Chinese sensibilities so much that they were temporarily expelled from the country.
C)The Portuguese and the Dutch had not jockeyed for a favorable trade position when they arrived in China.
D)Missionaries had inadvertently brought several deadly diseases with them.
E)They had not tried to force Western scientific ideas on the Chinese.

Question 18

How did the Chinese view the results and findings of their maritime expeditions of the 1400s?

A)They concluded that all Westerners were evil and to be avoided.
B)They feared barbarians would try to destroy their fragile empire.
C)They thought the outside world had nothing significant to offer the Chinese.
D)They were not ready technologically to embark on lengthy sea ventures.
E)They felt that exploring an area once was sufficient, and return voyages were unnecessary.

Question 19

When the government of China was brought under the control of the Ming rulers, what was their view on Confucianism?

A)Confucianism was revived in even stronger form.
B)It was neglected and then suspended for a time.
C)Confucianism became less prestigious.
D)It was made the empire's official religion.
E)It was reviled and finally outlawed.

Question 20

All of the following were true of Qianlong's reign EXCEPT

A)He eradicated the Mongol raiders in the north.
B)He brought Tibet into Chinese control for the first time.
C)He treated Southeast Asian areas as voluntary satellites.
D)He ruled the last two thirds of the 18th century.
E)He divided China into fifteen administrative districts.

Question 21

What would be the most notable quality of the Qing rulers up to the 19th  century?

A)The Qing rulers were corrupt and effete.
B)The Qing rulers were commercially backward.
C)The Qing rulers were bigoted and unpopular.
D)The Qing rulers were vigorous and intelligent.
E)The Qing rulers were militarily belligerent.

Question 22

The governmental center during the Ming period was in the city of Beijing in a restricted area known as the ____________________.

Question 23

The Emperor Kangxi made sure he kept the Chinese food source known as the "rice bowl" productive. The "rice bowl" refers to an area located in ____________________.

Question 24

Which crop from the Americas never gained popularity with the Chinese?

A)beans
B)peanuts
C)squash
D)corn
E)potatoes

Question 25

The last purely ethnic Chinese dynasty was the ____________________.

Question 26

During the Qing Dynasty, what was considered the most prized luxury item from China for Westerners?

A)coffee
B)embroidered silk
C)fine porcelain
D)rice paper
E)green tea

Question 27

The support received from which group was a major reason for the Manzhou victory over the native Chinese?

A)Jesuits
B)Japanese
C)Mandarin officials
D)peasants
E)Koreans

Question 28

What was the occupation of most Chinese during the Qing Dynasty?

A)farmers
B)merchants
C)government officials
D)palace eunuchs
E)military leaders

Question 29

What was the greatest loss suffered by China during the Qing period?

A)The Qing lost too much of its population.
B)The Qing lost its edge in science and technology.
C)The Qing reduced the quality of its art.
D)The Qing lost the quality of its literature.
E)The Qing allowed a decline in educational standards.

Question 30

The ____________________ were a demonstration of the advanced seamanship and ship design of the Chinese.

Question 31

The rebel leader Zhu rose from humble origins to take the imperial name ____________________.

Question 32

____________________ were low on the social ladder despite becoming increasingly wealthy during the Ming Dynasty.

Question 33

How did education change during the 18th century in China?

A)Education became more open and innovative.
B)The civil service exams were no longer used so education was limited.
C)The palace eunuchs were assigned to educate the civil servants at the state university.
D)The modern university curriculum traces its roots to China.
E)Children whose parents could afford the fees were educated in the schools.

Question 34

Which statement describes the outstanding Qing emperors of the 18th century?

A)learned much of political value to them from the West
B)were cruel tyrants in their treatment of the common Chinese
C)split governmental responsibility between Chinese and Qing
D)tried hard to expand commerce between China and Europe
E)rejected the traditional Chinese bureaucracy in favor of absolute rule

Question 35

Among the Christian Europeans who gained the most access to, and respect of, official Chinese circles was the Jesuit, ____________________.

Question 36

____________________ was the leader who unified several local groups in an area northeast of the Ming territories.

Question 37

The Ming Dynasty's authority was undermined and eventually overthrown by ____________________ tribesmen.

Question 38

Which statement best defines the term chinoiserie ?

A)a stage drama based on Chinese anthologies
B)a style of Chinese painting
C)a Chinese writing style
D)a popular decorating style using Chinese art
E)the first emperor of China

Question 39

The rise in population during the Ming period was supplemented by a dramatic increase in the ____________________.

Question 40

What was one of the major developments under the leadership of Kangxi?

A)Kangxi never gave up the fight against intervention by Westerners.
B)Kangxi opened four ports to European traders.
C)Kangxi allowed China's river systems to decline.
D)Kangxi experienced decades of fighting with Westerners.
E)Kangxi allowed Europeans to trade, but not reside, in China.

Question 41

Term for identification: Maritime Expeditions

Question 42

Describe the changes that occurred in the transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties including political, economic, and religious aspects.

Question 43

Term for identification:  The Dream of the Red Chamber

Question 44

Term for identification: Wang Yangming

Question 45

Discuss the social stratification of Chinese society in the Ming and Qing dynasties. What was life like for different ranks in society?

Question 46

Term for identification: Matteo Ricci

Question 47

Term for identification: Kangxi

Question 48

Discuss Chinese relations with other nations including Korea, Vietnam, Japan, the Mongols, and various Western powers by focusing on trade and armed conflict in each of the relationships.

Question 49

Term for identification: Ming Dynasty

Question 50

Describe Chinese culture and the cultural influences of the Ming and Qing periods including specific literature, ceramics, and architectural aspects. Defend your answer with examples of significant artistic works.

Question 51

Term for identification: Macao

Question 52

Explain why China had no industrial revolution. Support your answer with examples.

Question 53

Term for identification: Forbidden City

Question 54

Term for identification: Yongle

Question 55

Describe the Ming system of bureaucracy and evaluate its virtues and limitations.

Question 56

Term for identification: Qing Dynasty