Deck 3: The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a reason for a deterioration in relations between the Ottomans and Christians in the Balkans after the 17th  century?

A)The Ottoman Empire needed tax funds.
B)The Ottoman central government was increasingly hostile toward infidels.
C)The Mongols were invading the Balkans from the north.
D)There was a moral breakdown in provincial and local government.
E)The Balkans increasingly sought their independence.

Answer 1

The Mongols were invading the Balkans from the north.

Question 2

In order to best understand much of Islamic history, a strong comprehension of which of the following is necessary?

A)The historical relationships of the Muslim sultans.
B)Long-term worldwide Christian and Muslim strife.
C)All aspects of Muhammad's life story and his teachings.
D)The divisions within Muslim belief, particularly Shi'ite and Sunni rivalry.
E)The basis and justification for following Shari'a.

Answer 2

The divisions within Muslim belief, particularly Shi'ite and Sunni rivalry.

Question 3

Which statement defines the term  ghazis?

A)spiritual leaders
B)religious gatherings
C)frontier warriors
D)enemies of the state
E)the unconverted

Answer 3

frontier warriors

Question 4

Which of the following defines the term millet ?

A)a well-trained and well-armed elite infantry corps
B)a royal council headed by a vizier
C)a high-official appointed by the sultan to head the bureaucracy
D)a minority group under the leadership of a shaykh who answered to the sultan
E)a chancery named after a gate at the sultan's palace

Question 5

How were the Janissaries kept loyal to the central government?

A)by using their families as hostages
B)through their constant movement and their salaries
C)through threats and surveillance
D)through their perceived sense of having a special status
E)by threatening Allah's wrath should they veer from their prescribed duty

Question 6

What was the religious affiliation of the majority of the Balkan population after it came under Ottoman rule?

A)Muslim
B)Orthodox Christian
C)Protestant
D)Catholic
E)Jewish

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Shaykh-al-Islam?

A)a religious association or brotherhood
B)frontier warriors whose sole purpose was to wage jihad against Christians
C)a system to staff the Janissaries' unit
D)the leader of the religious bureaucracy of the sultan
E)a prime minister to the sultan

Question 8

Which of the following is accurate regarding the Sufi orders of Islam?

A)These orders used spiritual warriors to spread the faith.
B)These orders were often organized around a shaykh.
C)The Sufis were in the brotherhood of ghazis .
D)The Sufis believed the shaykh was the son of Allah.
E)They rejected warfare as a means of making converts.

Question 9

What would be the best description for the officials of the Sublime Porte?

A)economic advisory group
B)political lobby group
C)civil government
D)religious educational board
E)Head of Church

Question 10

Which of these was NOT an accomplishment of Suleiman?

A)the seizure of Iraq
B)taking control of the arrangements for the pilgrimage to Mecca
C)the remodeling of Muhammad's tomb and the Dome of the Rock
D)defeat of the Safavids
E)defeat of the Abbasids

Question 11

Which word best characterizes the Ottoman Empire under Orhan?

A)feudalistic
B)tolerant
C)wealthy
D)cosmopolitan
E)modern

Question 12

How did the murder of his favorite son affect Suleiman?

A)He broke apart his harem so that nothing like that could happen again, and had his favorite wife, instigator of the plot, executed.
B)He began once again to take part in the annual jihads, during one of which he was killed.
C)He began to defer to his viziers and military officials, resulting in Ottoman defeat by the Europeans.
D)He threw himself into the day-to-day affairs of his empire to assuage his grief.
E)He turned the empire over to his  divan  and retired from public life.

Question 13

Why was the battle of Ain Jalut significant?

A)The results of the battle brought much needed peace to Spain.
B)The outcome of the battle kept Turkey free of Mongol rule.
C)The battle led to the death of the Islamic caliph in 1250.
D)It gave the Turks direct access to Asia Minor for the first time.
E)It led to the establishment of the Rum sultanate in eastern Asia Minor.

Question 14

Which ruler captured Constantinople?

A)Osman
B)Orhan
C)Suleiman
D)Al-Ghazzali
E)Mehmed

Question 15

What was the result of the Battle of Manzikert?

A)The Rum Sultanate was overthrown.
B)The jihad against the Christians was halted.
C)The Turks gained direct access to Asia Minor for the first time.
D)Constantinople was captured.
E)It was the final victory for the Byzantines.

Question 16

What was the title given to an Ottoman prime minister?

A)Grand Shah
B)Grand Mufti
C)Grand Vizier
D)Grand Mughal
E)Grand Divan

Question 17

Why is the Treaty of Karlowitz significant?

A)Austria surrendered the city of Vienna to the Ottoman Empire.
B)The Ottoman sultans agreed to vacate Spain.
C)Constantinople became an international city and was renamed by the Ottomans.
D)The Ottoman army continued to expand their territory.
E)The Ottoman sultan for the first time had to surrender territory to Europeans.

Question 18

What has been the legacy of Ottoman rule in the Balkans?

A)widespread religious unity
B)unmitigated want and poverty
C)a sense of alienation
D)ethnic and religious strife
E)general economic hardship

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT true of the Janissaries?

A)Janissaries could not be members of the Sublime Porte.
B)It was a professional and disciplined army of the secular bureaucracy.
C)The Janissaries had many opportunities to move up through the ranks of the army.
D)They were Balkan Christian boys who were kidnapped and converted to Islam.
E)They termed themselves "willing slaves of the sultan."

Question 20

What was the main purpose of Osman's early ghazi state?

A)Osman wanted his empire to become economically viable.
B)He wanted to convert captured peoples to Islam.
C)They waged holy war against the Byzantine Christians.
D)They wanted to bring peace and harmony to Asia Minor.
E)Osman's initial goal was to gain territory.

Question 21

What is considered Akbar the Great's most noteworthy accomplishment?

A)religious and social tolerance
B)establishment of the Shi'ite state
C)the Taj Mahal
D)the conquest of Greece
E)governmental reorganization

Question 22

____________________ reject all of Muhammad's successors who are not related to him by blood or marriage.

Question 23

Which of the following statements does NOT describe Shah Abbas?

A)He is considered the greatest of the Safavid rulers.
B)He was the sultan who fought against Istanbul and the Sunni Ottomans.
C)He was the leader who planned a new, beautiful capital at Isfahan.
D)He was the sultan who ruled over a diverse population in Persia.
E)His empire collapsed due to invasions from the Mongols and the Uighers.

Question 24

Which of these significant events took place during the 1500s?

A)An Afghan leader, Babur, established the Mughal Muslim Indian dynasty.
B)The Turks established the Delhi sultanate.
C)Religious wars between the Hindus and Muslims decimated the Indian subcontinent.
D)Akbar forced Jews and Christians within his empire to convert to Islam.
E)The Mughal Empire lost control of central India.

Question 25

____________________ were frontier warriors whose sole purpose was to wage holy war against the Christians.

Question 26

In 1453, Mehmed the Conqueror captured ____________________ and its name was changed to Istanbul.

Question 27

Shah Ismail captured much of Persia and Iraq, then proclaimed which  religious  sect to be the  official  cult of his empire?

A)Byzantine Christianity
B)Zoroastrianism
C)Shi'ite Islam
D)Sunni Islam
E)Sufism

Question 28

Who is considered the most outstanding of the Mughal emperors?

A)Jahangir
B)Shah Jahan
C)Akbar
D)Babur
E)Aurangzeb

Question 29

Muslims established an extensive system of religious schools in India known as ____________________.

Question 30

____________________ was the leader of the Habsburg army that successfully defended Vienna against the Ottoman Empire.

Question 31

The system of rewarding individuals for their service to the state in the Mughal Empire was known as ____________________.

Question 32

Which statement is true of the Delhi sultanate in the 1200s?

A)lasted until conquered by the Mongols in the 1530s
B)were less than successful in forcing their Hindu subjects to convert to Islam
C)was established by a group operating out of a base in Iran
D)was headed by a powerful Hindu ruler of central India
E)found that the only thing they shared with their subjects was language, which could not overcome religious differences

Question 33

Which of the following defines the Sikh religion?

A)arose as a protest against the dominant Hindu faith
B)today claims about 10 percent of the total population of India
C)led to warfare with Babur in the early days of the Mughal Empire
D)is somewhat closer to Islam than to Hinduism
E)began as a blend of Hinduism and Islam but later became a separate faith

Question 34

____________________ were religious associations or brotherhoods formed by Sufis.

Question 35

Safavid power reached its height during the reign of ____________________.

Question 36

The Ottoman Empire began when a Turkish chieftain named ____________________ was given a small fiefdom in Asia Minor to wage jihad.

Question 37

What geographical area is associated with the Safavid Empire?

A)Palestine
B)Persia
C)Iraq
D)Turkey
E)India

Question 38

What is the focus of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?

A)love
B)mortality
C)nature
D)social hierarchy
E)warfare

Question 39

Akbar the Great build a new capital at ____________________, but it was soon abandoned.

Question 40

What was the name of the Mughal leader who built the Taj Mahal?

A)Babur
B)Jahan
C)Jahangir
D)Aurangzeb
E)Akbar

Question 41

Term for identification: Rubaiyat

Question 42

Term for identification: divan

Question 43

Term for identification: Grand Vizier

Question 44

Term for identification: Sublime Porte

Question 45

Term for identification: Janissaries

Question 46

Term for identification: dervish

Question 47

Discuss the general status and evolution of the treatment of non-Muslims in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Islamic empires, including religious conversion, social mobility, and daily life.

Question 48

Describe life within the Safavid Empire including territory size and significant rulers. How did the empire arise?

Question 49

Discuss the major cultural achievements of the Muslim empires including architecture, literature, and painting within the context of Islam.

Question 50

Trace the development of the Mughal Empire in India. Who were the greatest Mughal leaders? Defend your answer with examples.

Question 51

Explain the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. What were the most successful tactics of the Ottomans? How did they treat those they conquered?

Question 52

Term for identification: ghazis

Question 53

Term for identification: Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 54

Compare and contrast significant Muslim leaders of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. Which was the most significant? Why? Support your answer with examples.

Question 55

Term for identification: Safavid Empire

Question 56

Term for identification: Sikhs