Deck 12: Advanced Industrial Society

Question 1

In the 1870s, a dramatic change in technology allowed which of the following energy sources to be applied to both industrial and domestic use?

A)water power
B)solar power
C)electricity
D)harnessed animals
E)steam power

Answer 1

electricity

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as a complete rejection of the state and its powers?

A)anarchism
B)syndicalism
C)communism
D)socialism
E)syncretism

Answer 2

anarchism

Question 3

Which event led Marx to think that the social revolution had come?

A)the Great Exhibition
B)the Second International
C)the Paris Commune
D)the Chartist movement
E)the Revolts of 1848

Answer 3

the Paris Commune

Question 4

What was the one thing that people seemed to fear most about unionization?

A)Ordinary working-class people would have more power than ever before, and most had little, if any, education.
B)Marxism had taken hold in several countries and was threatening to take control of labor unions.
C)The lower class working people would become convinced that they were the social equals of property holders and aristocrats.
D)The nations would come under communist domination.
E)Union members would become violent if their demands were not met.

Question 5

In the 19th century, which global region was clearly the dominant factor in world political and military developments?

A)Western Europe and the United States
B)The area of Africa below the Sahara Desert
C)China and Japan
D)South America, especially the areas around the Amazon River
E)the Australasian island chains

Question 6

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to which of the following?

A)The threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
B)The example set by labor unions and industrial managerial practices known to be in place in the United States.
C)The urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
D)Those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions.
E)The Chartist movement in England, which initiated long-term changes both within and outside of Parliament.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a source of power for industrial production in the second phase of the Industrial Revolution?

A)electricity
B)coal
C)petroleum
D)natural gas
E)steam

Question 8

How did Karl Marx define communism in his writings?

A)As a dramatic, violent act to gather converts.
B)As an association representing the economic and social interests of members.
C)As an inevitable reaction against the abuses of bourgeoisie capitalism.
D)As rejection of state and the powers the state exercises over citizens.
E)As a platform of equitable distribution of wealth.

Question 9

Which of the following was true of early labor unions?

A)All unions began as socialist organizations.
B)Marxist revolutionary socialists became leaders of the labor movement in all European countries.
C)American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.
D)Relations between unions and management were harmonious.
E)Employers generally accepted the inevitability of union development.

Question 10

What was the most significant aspect about joint-stock companies of the late 19th  century?

A)labor participation in management
B)separation of ownership and management
C)short-term borrowing for expansion
D)hospitalization insurance benefits
E)a new need for business insurance

Question 11

Who did Karl Marx partner with to develop political theory?

A)Michael Bakunin
B)Pierre Proudhon
C)Friedrich Engels
D)Eduard Bernstein
E)Joseph Paxton

Question 12

Which of the following was a political by-product of the Second Industrial Revolution ?

A)Property ownership was required to vote.
B)Women earned the right to vote and own property.
C)Universal male suffrage and mass political parties.
D)Communards and mass political parties.
E)Universal suffrage for men and women and mandatory education.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT a new industry that developed as a result of the Second Industrial Revolution?

A)chemical plants
B)textile mills
C)oil refining
D)steamship building
E)electrical machine plants

Question 14

What was the main reason for the overall failure of the 1848 revolts?

A)the use of the military to crush the revolts
B)the disapproval of church authorities
C)the lack of concern by many people living in the countryside
D)national antagonisms
E)the split between liberal leaders and urban workers

Question 15

According to Marx, what was the expectation for the future of the revolt of the proletariat?

A)The revolution of the proletariat was avoidable if the wealthy would negotiate in good faith.
B)It was desirable, because only through their own efforts and struggles would the proletariat appreciate the fruits of their labors.
C)Marx thought the revolution was a distant dream with little hope for the realization of an uprising.
D)The revolt was hopeless, but that did not mean that they should stop trying to make things better.
E)The proletariat revolution was inevitable, and Marx invited all to join with the proletariat to hasten the uprising.

Question 16

Which major country was the first to legalize labor unions in the 1870s?

A)England
B)France
C)Germany
D)Portugal
E)The United States

Question 17

Which of the following groups financed corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A)banks
B)owners
C)slaveholders
D)board of directors
E)management

Question 18

Which European countries had reduced Great Britain's big lead in industrial production by 1850?

A)England, the Netherlands, and Italy
B)Belgium, France, and Germany
C)Italy, Yugoslavia, and Greece
D)Austria, Russia, and Spain
E)Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland

Question 19

Where did the most dramatic changes in European population occur during the 19th   century?

A)in the suburbs
B)in urban areas
C)in coastal villages
D)near river valleys
E)in farming areas

Question 20

All of the following social reforms occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution EXCEPT

A)child labor laws
B)socialist unions
C)industrial safety regulations
D)workers' employment security and pensions
E)workers' health and accident insurance

Question 21

What was the major motive of Europeans who emigrated during the 19th century?

A)economic
B)political
C)religious
D)ethnic
E)legal

Question 22

All of the following groups were likely European emigrants EXCEPT

A)small farmers
B)the impoverished
C)skilled craftsmen
D)the educated
E)young people

Question 23

At the beginning of the 20th   century, in which country did the Labour Party became an important force?

A)The United States
B)Britain
C)Spain
D)France
E)Germany

Question 24

What event set off the massive immigration to the United States from Europe?

A)The Franco-Prussian War
B)The Napoleonic War
C)The Panic of 1857
D)The Revolts of 1848
E)The Crimean War

Question 25

How many Europeans emigrated to other countries during the 19th century?

A)6 million
B)20 million
C)12 million
D)60 million
E)1 million

Question 26

What did theorist Eduard Bernstein predict for politics in the 20th century?

A)The Social Democratic Party in Germany would take control of the government legally.
B)Marx would revise his theories before he died.
C)All countries would soon become socialist states.
D)Capitalism would prevail in most European countries.
E)The Social Democratic Party would be outlawed throughout Europe because politicians feared labor unions.

Question 27

According to Marx, once the proletariat obtained political power, a(n)____________________ would need to be established.

Question 28

The  ____________________ have no trust in government; they feel all government is prone to corruption so it must be kept to a minimum.

Question 29

____________________ is Marx's writing that predicted the coming of a new social order, communism.

Question 30

Marx insisted that his brand of socialism differed from utopian socialism in that it was ____________________.

Question 31

In ____________________, Marx presented his analysis of mid-19th century industrial society.

Question 32

Which of the following statements defines the concept of propaganda of the deed ?

A)Workers, if necessary, should be willing to do whatever it took to obtain concessions from factory owners.
B)The best and quickest way to draw people to anarchism was to provide a violent, dramatic act or acts to cause governments to tumble.
C)Governments always used propaganda to get ordinary citizens to perform the less desirable deeds, or jobs, within a society.
D)Deeds of political terror were acceptable, as long as they were not used for purposes of propaganda.
E)Large scale syndicates that limited private property and redistributed the property equitably.

Question 33

Incredibly, Germany's ____________________ and ____________________ production was almost double that of Britain's by 1914.

Question 34

In the early 20th century, what was the goal of revisionism?

A)To turn back the clock to a time before industrialization occurred.
B)To introduce reforms through parliamentary acts rather than revolution.
C)To re-write the story of the development of Marxism.
D)To undermine the teachings of Karl Marx through censorship.
E)To convince urban laborers that Marxism was their only hope.

Question 35

Which of the following statements best describes syndicalists views?

A)Small groups, or syndicates, of wealthy people controlled the economic life of their individual countries.
B)The best government was the one that governed the least and passed the fewest laws.
C)People should not be ruled by any government at all, because all governments eventually become corrupt.
D)Private property should be outlawed.
E)Only peasants and laborers should comprise a country's government, because they were the only ones making a significant contribution to society.

Question 36

What was the most popular destination for migrants from Europe when they emigrated from their homelands?

A)Canada
B)South Africa
C)Siberia
D)Argentina
E)The United States

Question 37

The large amounts of capital needed for business expansion during the Second Industrial Age were effectively raised by ____________________ companies.

Question 38

The Chartist movement in ____________________ failed in the short term but saw its goals realized over time.

Question 39

The development of ____________________ and ____________________ finally made electricity useful.

Question 40

____________________ became the global leader in the search for sources of oil and of its production.

Question 41

Term for identification: syndicalism

Question 42

Term for identification: Communist Manifesto

Question 43

Term for identification: Karl Marx

Question 44

Term for identification: anarchism

Question 45

Term for identification: corporations

Question 46

Term for identification: Chartist movement

Question 47

Explain the essence of original Marxist theory including the background of the theorist, the theory itself, and the practical application of the theory. Support your answer with examples.

Question 48

Describe the reshaping of the world population due to European emigration overseas. What were the emigrants' countries of origin, destination, and motivation for leaving? Support your answer with examples.

Question 49

Using examples, describe to what degree urban areas were transformed by the Second Industrial Revolution.

Question 50

Discuss some of the major events associated with the Second Industrial Revolution including social, political, technological, and economic aspects of the revolution. Support your answer with examples.

Question 51

Term for identification: Labour Party

Question 52

Term for identification: Eduard Bernstein

Question 53

Describe the European reaction to Marxism including the response of national governments and the rise of the opposing theories on politics.

Question 54

Term for identification: Second International

Question 55

Term for identification: propaganda of the deed

Question 56

How did Europeans respond to the Second Industrial Revolution including technology, raw materials, business model, and human resources?