Deck 17: Latin America From Independence to Dependent States

Question 1

How did the Spanish government view its Latin American colonies?

A)The colonies were seen as a way to relieve overpopulation and famines.
B)The Spanish were uninterested in events in the Americas and ignored the area.
C)The Spanish treated its Latin American colonies as sources of wealth for the mother country.
D)They treated the Latin American colonies as locations for industrialization.
E)The Spanish considered the Americas as a good place for penal colonies.

Answer 1

The Spanish treated its Latin American colonies as sources of wealth for the mother country.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best defines the term caudillo ?

A)A retired general who has been honored in civil life.
B)An appointed governor of a province.
C)A usurping strongman in Latin America.
D)A priest who has entered politics.
E)A person of mixed blood who rises to prominence in Latin America.

Answer 2

A usurping strongman in Latin America.

Question 3

Who is credited with beginning the liberation of Mexico?

A)Antonio López de Santa Anna
B)Símon Bolívar
C)Miguel Hidalgo
D)Benito Juárez
E)José de San Martín

Answer 3

Miguel Hidalgo

Question 4

What was the last country of the Western Hemisphere to abolish slavery?

A)Brazil
B)The United States
C)Venezuela
D)Cuba
E)Mexico

Question 5

How did Brazil avoid a violent transition from colony to nation?

A)The plantation slaves, although numerous, were prevented from fighting.
B)The colonial Brazilians had plenty of experience with self-governance.
C)Brazil, by choice, operated as a constructional monarchy for much of the 19th century.
D)The Brazilian criollos were more interested in fiestas than in politics.
E)The British intervened and stopped the budding revolution.

Question 6

What events in the early 1800s in Europe set in motion the i ndependence movements throughout the Latin American colonies?

A)the French Revolution
B)unification of Germanic States
C)Italian Unification
D)Napoleon's invasion of Spain and Portugal
E)the Industrial Revolution

Question 7

What led to the rise to power of Juan Manuel Rosas?

A)He wrote such compelling revolutionary pamphlets that he rose to power via popular support.
B)Rosas was a devout Christian and had the support of the leaders of the Catholic Church.
C)A series of destructive civil wars caused such destruction that the elites begged him to seize control.
D)He bribed the elite ruling class to support him and gradually expanded his sphere of influence.
E)Rosas raised a mercenary army in Uruguay and invaded Buenos Aires as a liberator.

Question 8

Who was Mexico's lea der known for his work in trying to liberalize his country during the 19^th century?

A)Pedro Cabrero
B)Benito Juárez
C)Domingo Sarmiento
D)Miguel Hidalgo
E)Juan Manuel Rosas

Question 9

Which two groups were involved in the power struggles for control of the newly-independent countries in 19th century Latin American politics?

A)communists and socialists
B)liberals and conservatives
C)peasants and criollos
D)mestizos and peninsulars
E)Catholics and Protestants

Question 10

What was the condition of most South and Central American pure-blooded Amerindians in the early 1800s?

A)The Amerindians were integrated into government and society after the revolutions.
B)They retreated to the most remote regions in order to maintain their own culture.
C)They helped the Europeans adopt their culture and methods of farming and hunting.
D)The Amerindians moved to reservations and were well cared for by the caudillos.
E)The Amerindians tended to have neither experience nor interest in government beyond their village.

Question 11

What group(s)led the majority of revolts against the Spanish and  Portuguese  in the colonies?

A)mestizos and mamelucos
B)slaves and Amerindians
C)black slaves
D)native-born elites
E)peninsulars and caudillos

Question 12

Who was the best known and most revered of the liberators of South America?

A)Miguel Hidalgo
B)Agustín Morelos
C)Bernardo O'Higgins
D)Símon Bolívar
E)Prince Dom Pedro

Question 13

What were the original cash crops coming out of Latin America?

A)coffee and cotton
B)sugar and rice
C)salt and silk
D)pineapples and potatoes
E)oranges and wood products

Question 14

In what way did the United States attempt to protect the newly independent Latin American countries?

A)The Monroe Doctrine
B)The Roosevelt Corollary
C)The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
D)The Platt Amendment
E)The Good Neighbor Policy

Question 15

The booming monoculture economies in Latin America were based on which of the following?

A)exporting raw materials
B)pharmaceutical cultivation
C)an industrialized workforce
D)importing only one foreign item
E)exporting revolution

Question 16

What was true of land in 19th  century Latin America?

A)It was the source of wealth for the majority of the population.
B)It was profitable even when used for mainly subsistence farming.
C)It was held in trust for the criollos.
D)It was cleared, planted, and harvested by hand.
E)It was distributed according to land grants passed down from the era of the conquistadores.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT a reason  criollos  were dissatisfied with Crown rule?

A)They wanted to improve the lives of the lower class.
B)Criollos had to pay high taxes.
C)The Crown appropriated money from the colonial Catholic Church.
D)They were inspired by the French and American revolutions to seek independence.
E)They wanted to replace the peninsulars in high colonial positions.

Question 18

How did mestizo culture develop in the Western Hemisphere?

A)through social stratification
B)through conversion to Christianity
C)through intermarriage
D)through maintenance of class distinctions
E)through class warfare

Question 19

Which of the following is considered an obstacle to national unity in Latin Ameri ca?

A)The Catholic Church held much of the political power.
B)Amerindian culture was perceived as a threat.
C)A strong cultural stratification.
D)The high prices due to a monocultural economy.
E)The constant economic and political revolution in Latin America.

Question 20

What group was responsible for most o f the social welfare initiatives in Latin America?

A)criollos
B)peninsulars and viceroys
C)Catholic Church
D)liberals
E)caudillos

Question 21

In a L atin American context,    ____________________  were mainly  landed gentry  or connected with the  Catholic Church.

Question 22

Spain's hop e of recovering its colonies, with help from other European powers, was squelched in 1823 by the ____________________.

Question 23

Which Latin  American  leader was responsible for creating free mandatory elementary public education ?

A)Dom Pedro
B)Domingo Sarmiento
C)Benito Juárez
D)Juan Manuel Rosas
E)Porfirio Díaz

Question 24

The dictator ____________________ succeeded Benito Juárez as president of Mexico.

Question 25

A  ____________________ economy is one that relies on just one or two cash crops.

Question 26

How is Caribbean Island culture different from Latin American culture?

A)The islands had universal suffrage.
B)The islands had no significant revolts and rebellions.
C)The islands adopted the Napoleonic Codes of Law.
D)The islands reflected more of the African heritage of the former slaves.
E)The islands reflected the native cultures of the original inhabitants of the islands before conquest.

Question 27

In 19th century Latin America, the ____________________ maintained a strong supervisory role in the spheres of education and social welfare.

Question 28

Even bef ore becoming president of Mexico, Benito Juárez angered his country's conservatives by doing which of the following?

A)working to help the aristocrats retain power
B)being the person most responsible for the liberal Constitution of 1857
C)challenging the Catholic Church to interfere less in Mexican politics
D)revealing that he was a full-blood Zapotec Indian
E)pushing for the enfranchisement of all of Mexico's Indian population

Question 29

____________________ was a liberal Mexican reformer primarily responsible for the creation of the strongly liberal and reformist Constitution of 1857.

Question 30

The newly independent Latin American countries differed from the United States by lacking all of the following EXCEPT

A)a middle class with a strong work ethic
B)experience in self government
C)a population that shared many of the same traits
D)economic stability
E)a large labor pool

Question 31

Who was instrumental in Juan Manuel Ro sas being deposed in 1852?

A)disaffected gauchos
B)exiled intellectuals
C)concerned priests
D)disaffected gauchos, along with exiled intellectuals
E)exiled intellectuals, along with concerned priests

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT describe the conditions under which the Latin Americans gained independence?

A)In the wake of the Napoleonic invasion of Spain.
B)As a result of the Spanish king's intolerable tyranny.
C)As a counter to a feared movement toward racial democracy.
D)Inspired by the successful North American and French revolutions.
E)The criollos' resentment at being always subordinated to the peninsulars.

Question 33

Which of the following Latin American countries did NOT have immigrants to join their working class?

A)Argentina
B)Mexico
C)Brazil
D)Peru
E)Chile

Question 34

Most l egal and social restrictions for women were directed toward what kind of woman?

A)married
B)single
C)mestizo
D)working
E)wealthy

Question 35

What was defined as a form of coerced labor that served to repay a debt owed to an employer?

A)slavery
B)peonage
C)latifundo
D)caudillo
E)anticlerical

Question 36

The Mexican priest who started a revolt against Spain in 1812 was  ____________________.

Question 37

____________________ was a caudillo who ruled Argentina from 1828 to 1852.

Question 38

____________________     were larg e  rural plantations,  where the landowners appeared to rule like  little kings.

Question 39

After independence, from which of the following government types did the new countries choose?

A)dictatorships or aristocracies
B)republics or dictatorships
C)republics or monarchies
D)monarchies or aristocracies
E)aristocracies or republics

Question 40

____________________   was a form of forced labor that was used to gain repayment of real or alleged debts.

Question 41

How successful were the revolutions in Latin America? Consider the challenges faced, the achievement of goals, and the impact on society of each country's revolution.

Question 42

Term for identification: Simón Bolívar

Question 43

Term for identification: monoculture

Question 44

Term for identification: Porfirio Díaz

Question 45

Explain the significant social issues facing the independent Latin American nations including gender, race, socio-economic, and geographical aspects.

Question 46

Describe  the influence that the Catholic Church has exerted on Latin American culture including both the public and private role of the church in society.

Question 47

Term for identification: caudillo

Question 48

Term for identification: peonage

Question 49

Discuss the rivalry between conservatives and liberals in shaping Latin American politics and society. Support your answer with examples.

Question 50

Term for identification: latifundios

Question 51

Term for identification: King  Dom Pedro II

Question 52

Term for identification:  Juan Manuel Rosas

Question 53

Discuss the underlying social issues in Latin America that had an impact on the independence movements.

Question 54

Compare and contrast the actions of key leaders in the Hispanic American revolutions and reform movements between 1810 and 1822. Which figure was the most significant to Hispanic America? Why? Defend your answer with examples.

Question 55

Term for identification: Benito Juárez

Question 56

Term for identification: Monroe Doctrine