Deck 15: European Imperialism and Africa During the Age of Industry

Question 1

Which of these statements is most descriptive of the European nations in the 1880s?

A)Germany was only beginning to unify and industrialize.
B)France was acquiring territory to reclaim French honor.
C)Portugal was aggressively acquiring territory.
D)Italy had successfully gained the most valuable land.
E)Britain took a limited approach to colonization in Africa.

Answer 1

France was acquiring territory to reclaim French honor.

Question 2

Which of the  following  was NOT true of the white man's burden felt by Americans and Europeans?

A)It was their duty to civilize Asians and Africans.
B)Western business people saw the ability to save Africa through the Bible and Western civilization.
C)It was a view held by the upper classes of American and European society.
D)Missionaries advocated for legitimate trade as a substitute for the slave trade.
E)It was viewed as an act of duty toward fellow humans who needed Western aid.

Answer 2

It was a view held by the upper classes of American and European society.

Question 3

What was the significance of the Battle of Adowa in 1896?

A)Britain defeated Germany to control Central and East Africa.
B)The war to conquer Abyssinia ended in defeat for Italy by an African army.
C)Portugal fought Germany and France to retain their old African colonies.
D)Belgium defeated the Congolese to establish a colony in the Congo.
E)Britain fought Egypt to retain control of the Suez Canal.

Answer 3

The war to conquer Abyssinia ended in defeat for Italy by an African army.

Question 4

Who is credited with coining the phrase white man's burden ?

A)Teddy Roosevelt
B)Rudyard Kipling
C)David Livingstone
D)Mozell Friddell
E)Otto von Bismarck

Question 5

Who put the most pressure on Britain and Germany to find new markets during the late 1800s?

A)the United States
B)their parliaments
C)leading industrialists
D)the monarchs
E)the labor unions

Question 6

Which of these was NOT commonly a part of Africans' secondary resistance to the Europeans?

A)It usually involved thousands of people.
B)People from various ethnic groups banded together for the cause.
C)People came from wide regions to join in the fight.
D)Prophets of spirit-possessed cults blessed the people, promising them safety and protection.
E)Openly practicing Christianity to gain concessions.

Question 7

Which of these groups were probably most important for the "evolution of African culture"?

A)merchants
B)missionaries
C)administrators
D)monarchs
E)explorers

Question 8

What was Portugal's main concern regarding Africa during the imperial period?

A)To prevent Germany and France from taking the few colonies the Portuguese still possessed.
B)The Portuguese wanted to maintain a friendship with France so its ships could use the Suez Canal.
C)To avoid the threat of being incorporated into Spain while other European countries were preoccupied with Africa.
D)The Portuguese were trying to hold on to more land in Africa than Spain possessed.
E)The Portuguese wanted to maintain their pace of industrialization at home.

Question 9

Which European nation was considered the third-largest colonial power in Africa?

A)France
B)Italy
C)Portugal
D)Britain
E)Germany

Question 10

Which of the following terms is defined as a sudden enthusiasm by the major European powers and the United States for seeking new colonies abroad and consolidation of the old ones?

A)New Imperialism
B)spheres of influence
C)Metropoles
D)pan-Germanism
E)white man's burden

Question 11

Which of the following were the only two African countries to remain free from colonization?

A)Kenya and Somalia
B)Ethiopia and Morocco
C)Libya and Morocco
D)Liberia and Ethiopia
E)Kenya and Ethiopia

Question 12

Which of the following statements was true of the European states during the colonial era in Africa?

A)Germany, France, and Italy all sought national glory and honor almost as much as they did colonies.
B)Germans wanted to outpace Spain, their traditional rivals.
C)Germany wanted to take back the areas of Alsace and Lorraine, which had remained in French hands after their last conflict.
D)France and Germany each managed to seize the most significant areas.
E)Only the British and the Germans managed to take over areas of Africa where they actually found large markets.

Question 13

What was one of the main reasons that industrialized countries sought colonies during the late 1800s?

A)They wanted to depress the supply of goods so that they could raise prices at home.
B)They felt the need to keep military forces in place farther away from the home countries.
C)They were looking for new places to build the needed new factories, where labor would be cheaper.
D)They needed new markets for all the products their factories were turning out in the midst of a depression.
E)They were naturally competitive with each other, especially with the new economic doctrine of mercantilism.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT match the European country to their colonial possession?

A)Britain controlled Central and East Africa.
B)Portugal controlled Angola and Mozambique.
C)France controlled West and West-Central Africa.
D)Spain controlled Morocco and Rio de Oro.
E)Italy controlled the Horn of Africa and Abyssinia.

Question 15

What was the most common form of  primary  resistance by the African peoples to European takeovers?

A)The Africans gathered as many people as possible to fight.
B)They focused on traditional African beliefs to maintain their cultures.
C)They usually had spontaneous attacks in response to a particular European action.
D)They united several different ethnic groups coming together to fight the Europeans.
E)The Africans tried to play the various European countries against each other.

Question 16

What was the result of the Berlin Conference?

A)The Europeans divided up most of Africa among the colonial powers.
B)It created a boundary system that was unalterable and is still in existence today.
C)The conference launched Germany's military campaigns in Africa.
D)It led to a treaty among Germany, France, and the Netherlands for the division of the Congo.
E)It stated that since the Africans were heathens, the Europeans had a duty to Christianize them.

Question 17

Why were there essentially no large African markets for excess European industrial goods?

A)Africans resented European intrusion in their lives.
B)Most Africans had no use for modern products.
C)The Europeans only sent inferior goods to Africa.
D)The Africans never had adequate cash incomes to spend on consumer goods.
E)The costs of shipping goods to Africa proved to be too high.

Question 18

All of the following were reasons for European imperialism EXCEPT

A)England's balance of trade was in deficit because of competition from Germany and U.S. industries.
B)Europe suffered through a depression from 1873 to 1896.
C)European countries were under pressure from their parliaments.
D)Competing nationalism fueled nation building.
E)Western powers sought new markets for goods and sources of raw materials to fuel industrial plants.

Question 19

How did the African elites respond to French and British colonial life?

A)They committed suicide rather than surrender sovereignty.
B)They withdrew as far as possible from contact with their oppressors.
C)They attempted to become like their new overlords.
D)They endeavored to retain as much of their native culture as possible.
E)They regrouped and led resistance movements against the colonizers.

Question 20

What best describes the European allocation of Africa?

A)Consideration was given to keep indigenous groups together.
B)Local customs of land division was applied by individual colonial powers.
C)Local economic relations played a significant role in land allocation.
D)A complete disregard for African geographical, ecological, and cultural traditions.
E)African constabulary working with local European civil servants partitioned the continent.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the experience of the Belgian colony of the Congo?

A)A private, royal plantation that exploited natural resources and brutally treated the natives.
B)Whole agricultural districts were taken from Africans for the exclusive use of whites.
C)The colony was administered through assimilation and association.
D)The monarch of Belgium allowed Africans to be converted to Catholicism.
E)It was established as a refuge for freed Africans from intercepted slave ships after the slave trade was banned.

Question 22

What was the standard of recognition for European territorial claims in colonized areas of Africa?

A)effective occupation
B)local customs
C)spheres of influence
D)ethnic and social affiliations
E)cessation of resistance

Question 23

Many Africans relied on which of the following religions as an effective way to resist Europeans?

A)Christianity
B)Zoroastrianism
C)Buddhism
D)Islam
E)Jainism

Question 24

____________________ was the most famous British capitalist and private empire builder in Africa.

Question 25

The only major European nation to lose in battle to an African army was ____________________.

Question 26

The  ____________________  set an agreed-upon formula to regulate European powers' conquest of Africa.

Question 27

The idea that Europeans had the obligation to bring the benefits of civilization to Africans and Asians was expressed as the ____________________.

Question 28

King ____________________ coined the statement this magnificent African cake to refer to European imperialism on the continent.

Question 29

____________________ were crops grown for sale rather than for consumption, for example, peanuts, coffee, and tea.

Question 30

The main methods used by the French in controlling their colonies were ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 31

____________________ was defined as providing proof that local Africans had formally ceded their  sovereignty  to the protecting power who declared the right to rule.

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT a reason for attacks by Africans against colonial representatives performing their duties?

A)forcible recruitment of labor
B)breaking religious taboos
C)arrests of African natives
D)livestock confiscated from Africans
E)tax collection, which Africans viewed as theft

Question 33

The only two African countries to maintain their independence throughout the colonial period were ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 34

In the system of ____________________ rule, the British relied on local assistants to help them govern.

Question 35

All of the following were true of education provided to Africans by Western powers EXCEPT

A)Africans were sent to the colonial power's home country for a Western-style education.
B)Africans were provided a basic education in local languages.
C)Select few were educated past the ABCs.
D)The few advanced educated Africans became the 20th century nationalist leaders.
E)African intellectuals used Western education to free themselves from the colonial powers.

Question 36

Effective occupation included all of the following EXCEPT

A)Proof Africans in the territory had ceded authority.
B)The establishment of a European bureaucracy.
C)Treaties and conquest.
D)Mass conversion to Catholicism by the African population.
E)A protecting power declared the right to rule.

Question 37

What did the European countries colonizing Africa envision for their colonies?

A)Places to which they could re-settle their excess population.
B)Sources of great wealth that would help them to balance their economies.
C)Places from which they could obtain household servants, since most of theirs had taken jobs in the factories.
D)Good sources from which they could obtain much needed mineral resources.
E)Areas where they would at least break even by implementing cash cropping.

Question 38

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the majority of Africans at the time of European imperialism?

A)Most Africans lived a simple life in rural villages where there was almost universal illiteracy.
B)They had increasing complex standards of living.
C)Most Africans were literate, multi-lingual, and chose to live in urban areas rather than in pre-colonization villages.
D)They mostly engaged in subsistence farming and remained relatively untouched by European imperialism.
E)They were urbanized and well educated.

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the attention Europeans paid to traditional African ways?

A)disgust
B)intense study
C)disregard
D)emulation
E)embraced

Question 40

What was the purpose of the imperialist policy of indirect rule?

A)To force Africans to convert to Christianity.
B)To assimilate Africans into European thought and culture in order to "civilize" them.
C)To force African traditional rulers to send their children to Western-style schools.
D)To make use of traditional African rulers to assist in administering the colonies.
E)To administer the colony from the European capital of the home country.

Question 41

Describe the underlying issues in Europe that prompted the scramble for Africa including the rivalry for new markets, strategic issues, nationalism, and the white man's burden.

Question 42

Term for identification: New Imperialism

Question 43

Term for identification: assimilation and association

Question 44

Term for identification: effective occupation

Question 45

Term for identification: primary resistance

Question 46

Describe the overall impact of imperialism on Africa including social, political, and economic aspects.

Question 47

Term for identification: cash crops

Question 48

Explain how African society changed as a result of European imperialism including geographically, economically, politically, and socially.

Question 49

Term for identification: secondary resistance

Question 50

Term for identification: Scramble for Africa

Question 51

Explain the role of European women in Africa during imperialism.

Question 52

Term for identification: indirect rule

Question 53

Term for identification: white man's burden

Question 54

Term for identification: Berlin Conference

Question 55

Compare and contrast the different reactions of the Africans to European colonization including both passive and aggressive reactions.

Question 56

How did Europe justify their "scramble"? How was it put into practice? What was the long-term effect of the scramble for Africa?