Deck 20: A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

Question 1

Which of the following best describes fascist ec onomics?

A)Mixed socialism without Marx and laissez-faire.
B)Doled out government contracts to party supporters.
C)Played workers and management against each other.
D)Provided monetary support for the middle classes.
E)Ended wartime industrial contracts.

Answer 1

Mixed socialism without Marx and laissez-faire.

Question 2

Which nation suffered an economic  depression  during the 1920s?

A)Germany
B)Britain
C)France
D)Italy
E)Russia

Answer 2

Britain

Question 3

Under a totalitarian government, why were opposition political parties eliminated?

A)The leader would not allow elections, so they were unnecessary.
B)A single party allowed a link between the leader and the people.
C)Parliaments would take their places.
D)The courts would interpret the people's will.
E)All of the people would be in a harmonious state in an ideal environment.

Answer 3

A single party allowed a link between the leader and the people.

Question 4

What led to Marxism making progress with both workers and intellectuals?

A)the Weimar Constitution
B)the Locarno Pact
C)the Dawes Plan
D)the rise of Mussolini
E)the Great Depression

Question 5

What problem did the working class in Great Britain experience during the period between the wars?

A)a loss in purchasing power
B)competition from immigrant labor
C)increasing productivity
D)chronic unemployment
E)improved availability of capital

Question 6

All of the  following  were characteristics of totalitarianism EXCEPT

A)A single political party.
B)Leader interprets "the people's will."
C)Subordination of the individual.
D)The public and private affairs of citizens were obliterated.
E)Religious institutions were outside the control of leaders.

Question 7

By the end of the 1920s, how could the overall international mood best be described?

A)hopeful
B)depressed
C)paranoid
D)pessimistic
E)radical

Question 8

In the post-World War I era, which nation replaced Britain as the prime creditor nation in world trade?

A)France
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Soviet Russia
E)China

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes a government that adopts Keynesian economic theories?

A)Put more money into circulation even though that often leads to recessions.
B)Print more paper money, even though that might devalue the currency.
C)Create jobs from the top down, even if giving a false picture of a country's real economic situation.
D)Juggle the books to make the economy seem stronger than it was.
E)Issue bonds for local building projects.

Question 10

Italy w as struggling after World War I for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)Unrest because of the way the country was treated at the Paris peace talks.
B)The loss of many skilled people due to emigration to the United States.
C)A sense of being ruled by a parliamentary government that most Italians considered too liberal.
D)The loss of wartime contracts that led to massive unemployment.
E)The failure of the government to plan ahead for how to take care of the people after the war.

Question 11

What is the difference between a communist state and a  fascist  state?

A)The boundaries between public and private affairs were obliterated.
B)A single political party that linked the people and labor unions.
C)Facism lacked a systematic ideology.
D)Communism heightened ethnic prejudices.
E)Interests of the country trumped the interests of the leader.

Question 12

Keynesian economics places its emphasis on the role of which of the following?

A)government intervention
B)military spending
C)international trade
D)agricultural export trade
E)free enterprise

Question 13

How did Benito Mussolini make his political debut in Italy?

A)As a mercenary strikebreaker in the employ of industrialists and landowners.
B)As a military genius who led Italy to success in World War I.
C)As a socialist party organizer and communist sympathizer.
D)As a writer of Italian novels.
E)As a statesman who won popular election to the Italian parliament.

Question 14

What was the key weakness that plagued Eastern Europe during the 1920s?

A)monetary inflation
B)excessive nationalism
C)radical labor unions
D)Communist agitators
E)Islamic encroachment

Question 15

Why did the German government adopt the Weimar Constitution?

A)It was adopted to create a legitimate parliament that would replace the Kaiser.
B)It was passed in order to establish a banking system to pay reparations and reestablish a currency system in Germany.
C)It was a condition of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of the war.
D)It was to fill the void left by the civil collapse of Germany at the end of the war.
E)The conservative military generals and the Social Democratic Party wanted to prevent a communist takeover.

Question 16

Which of the fo llowing countries seemed to fare the best after, and perhaps as a result of, World War I?

A)Britain
B)France
C)Russia
D)Italy
E)the United States

Question 17

Which of the following best describes Keynesian economics?

A)A mixture of free market and social programs.
B)Long-term inflation would lead to an unregulated market.
C)Economic policy was a mixture of socialism and laissez-faire.
D)Boom and bust cycles were part of economic life.
E)A growth economy with some inflation was desirable.

Question 18

What were the economic issues Britain faced after World War I?

A)Subsistence agriculture and limited exports.
B)Chronic unemployment and reduced availability of capital.
C)Threat of communism among the working classes and organized labor.
D)Socialist labor unions and chronic unemployment.
E)Lack of investment capital and an imbalance in import-export trade.

Question 19

Why was the Ruhr area significant to the Germans?

A)The area was unjustly ceded to France in the Versailles Treaty.
B)The area was the symbolic heart of the German nation.
C)The area was the main agricultural sector of Germany.
D)The area was a buffer zone between Germany and Switzerland.
E)The area was Germany's heartland that produced coal and iron.

Question 20

What did Germany consider the most  difficult and painful provision of the Versailles Treaty?

A)the loss of Poland
B)the war-guilt clause
C)the loss of French territory
D)the loss of a strong military
E)the monetary reparations

Question 21

Why was the Locarno Pact considered a high-point in post-war diplomacy?

A)It provided much needed funding to Germany in order to pay the reparations.
B)It freed Germany of the reparations payments but forced the country to relinquish the Saar area to France.
C)It was a series of agreements to limit armaments worldwide.
D)It allowed the Soviet Union to join the League of Nations.
E)It brought peace and stability to Western Europe and allowed Germany to join the League of Nations.

Question 22

What was the purpose of the Da wes Plan?

A)To help the French obtain all reparations payments from the Germans immediately.
B)To help Germany obtain a moratorium on reparations payments.
C)To help rebuild eastern European cities that had been heavily damaged by the war.
D)To help the Eastern European states develop democratic governments.
E)To help rebuild the allied nations of Europe damaged by the war.

Question 23

In a totalitarian state, the ____________________ would be all; the ____________________, nothing.

Question 24

___________________ is defined as the sentiment/political movement of a national minority to break away and unite with a neighboring country.

Question 25

The US-sponsored ____________________ was a plan for loans of US dollars to Germany, which in turn helped finance Germany's reparation payments.

Question 26

What was an accurate description of the Weimar Republic's government?

A)It assembled a coalition of several political parties in order to repel attempts by communists to take over.
B)It officially denounced the Versailles Treaty to gain the support of the people.
C)It could not earn the acceptance of the people, due to resentment over the signing of the treaty.
D)It put down numerous coups with the help of the strong German military.
E)It faced pressure from liberals when the German economy became intolerable.

Question 27

As a result of the bloodless coup called the __ __________________, Mussolini was appointed Italy's premier.

Question 28

In the 1920s,    ____________________ replaced Britain as the source of technology, trade, and finance.

Question 29

Mussolini pla yed on the fears of a(n)____________________ takeover to facilitate his assumption of power.

Question 30

The on ly Eastern European state to preserve its constitution throughout the inter-war period was ____________________.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best  described  Mussolini's Italy in 1924?

A)He won a fraudulent election that made it seem as if he were the people's choice.
B)He invaded and occupied Ethiopia in North Africa.
C)He pulled Italy out of the League of Nations.
D)He rigged elections and put his fascist party in control of the parliament.
E)He turned Italy into a near-perfect totalitarian state.

Question 32

____________________ was an economic policy that mixed socialism-without-Marx and laissez-faire.​

Question 33

What was true of Eastern European economies in the post-World War I era?

A)The economies survived because of the Dawes Plan.
B)The economies failed because reparations payments stopped.
C)The economies failed because of a small post-war labor force.
D)The economies were mainly based on import-exports.
E)The economies were based on subsistence agriculture.

Question 34

The idea that governments should intervene in the economic cycle when there were times of unemployment and stagnation by "pump priming" was developed by  ____________________.

Question 35

What was France's gr eatest concern during the 1920s?

A)The shortage of marriageable men left after the country's loss of about 1.5 million men.
B)Whether Germany was going to pay France the money due to them.
C)That people in the seized territories of Alsace and Lorraine might demand a referendum to see if they wanted to belong to Germany or France.
D)Being in the unenviable position of fearing Germany's strength but feeling that no matter what Germany did, another war was out of the question.
E)Whether its people felt "French enough" to fight off German aggression.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of the United States'  involvement in World War I?

A)The country went so far into debt that most people were saying it would never recover.
B)Where the economy was concerned, the war had been a good thing.
C)The stock market reacted negatively when the war ended, since people feared that manufacturing would decline.
D)Most Americans hated the necessity of the war but continued to believe it had been necessary.
E)Americans gained a new perspective on their role as the world's policeman.

Question 37

As the d ecade of the 1920s drew toward a close, which statement describes Europe?

A)The Soviet Union was about to make a move on eastern Europe.
B)Most European countries were on their way to a full recovery from the war.
C)The Soviet Union was almost ready to take Germany's side against France.
D)An economic bubble created by circular loans was about to burst.
E)European countries, except for Germany, were close to full employment levels.

Question 38

____________________  is a philosophy where governments turned away from reason and instincts replaced logic.​

Question 39

Why did the Fre nch send troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr Valley?

A)Germany rebelled and refused to make any reparations payments.
B)To prove to the Germans that any resistance on their part would not be tolerated.
C)France realized that German Reichmarks were fast losing their value, making reparations worthless.
D)Germany requested a pause in reparations payments in 1923.
E)Their attempted negotiations with the Germans over reparations payments broke down in 1922.

Question 40

What prompted the creation of Britain's Lab our Party?

A)Its desire to oust Marxism and socialism from the country.
B)Several union strikes that had shaken the general public's confidence in the parties involved in the strikes.
C)The extended depression and high unemployment rate the British experienced.
D)The realization that the older states had allowed the United States and Germany to outpace them technologically.
E)The split within the Liberal party over whether general strikes should or should not be called.

Question 41

Explain totalitarianism and how it was implemented in Western nations during the interwar years.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the major Western nations and their experience with the Great Depression. To what degree did the economic problems impact th eir politics?

Question 43

Term for identification: irredentism

Question 44

Term for identification: antirationalism

Question 45

Term for identification: John Maynard Keynes

Question 46

Describe the successes and failures of international relations during the interwar period.​

Question 47

Trace the rise of fascism in Italy as a result of World War I. How successful was Mussolini's fascism in Italy?

Question 48

Term for identification: Locarno Pact

Question 49

Term for identification: Weimar Republic

Question 50

Term for identification: totalitarianism

Question 51

Term for identification: fascism

Question 52

What particular iss ues did Eastern Europe face in the post-World War I era and how did they address them?

Question 53

Term for identification: Great Depression of the 1930s

Question 54

Term for identification: Benito Mussolini

Question 55

Describe the experience of the victors of World War I in the interwar years and their outlook toward the future.

Question 56

Term for identification: Dawes Plan