Deck 16: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East

Question 1

More than sixty-five percent of the AIDS cases reported around the world are in Africa.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

. Uhuru is Arabic for "liberty."

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Women were first admitted to university in Iran in 1962.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Iranian Islam is predominately Sunni, while the traditional ruling group in Iraq is Shi'ite.

Question 5

All of the following are correct about early African nationalist activities except

A)most of the anti-colonial nationalists were committed to violence.
B)they were led by Western-educated African intellectuals.
C)political organizations for African rights did not arise until after World War I.
D)the ANC was formed by local Africans in South Africa.
E)at first many advocates of African rights focused on improving living conditions rather than independence.

Question 6

The reasons for the relatively late development of African nationalism included

A)the rural population were little affected by colonialism and refused to change traditional ways.
B)Africa's late colonization meant that it would take longer for dissatisfaction to develop and become institutionalized.
C)most Africans approved of European imperialism.
D)the British encouraged political centralization.
E)the African climate discouraged any efforts at nation building.

Question 7

It can be said that, by the late 1960s,

A)Mozambique and Angola were still controlled by Portugal.
B)all of Africa had achieved independence.
C)the French colonies in Africa had still not achieved independence.
D)even Canada had at last agreed to free Gambia.
E)de Gaulle's French Community had produced increased colonial structures in Nigeria.

Question 8

Oil resources are distributed relatively equally among the Arab states of the Middle East.

Question 9

One dramatic example of pan-Islamic sentiment occurred on September 11, 2001.

Question 10

Of the AIDS cases reported around the world, ____ percent are found on the continent of Africa.

A)30
B)45
C)55
D)65
E)70

Question 11

Nigeria is the largest African nation in population, and among the wealthiest based on oil reserves.

Question 12

All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except

A)the spread of Islam.
B)a native wage scale that was inferior to that of the Europeans.
C)the restriction of Africans to unskilled or semi-skilled jobs.
D)little opportunity for the native population to obtain professional or managerial positions.
E)a mixed heritage of imperialism.

Question 13

Iran has produced one of the most prominent national literatures in the contemporary Middle East​.

Question 14

The political influence of fundamentalist Islamic groups in Algeria ​enabled them to win the national elections in 1992.

Question 15

Which individual led the Convention People's Party, the first formal political party in black Africa?

A)Jomo Kenyatta.
B)Mobutu Sese Seko.
C)Julius Nyerere.
D)Kwame Nkrumah.
E)Sékou Touré.

Question 16

Economic development in Africa has been difficult for all of the following reasons except

A)AIDS.
B)a declining population.
C)a too-rapid population growth.
D)the vast differences between rural and urban Africans.
E)ethnic rivalries.

Question 17

The shortage of labor in the oil-producing states such as Saudi Arabia has led to importation of migratory workers from other nations in the Middle East.

Question 18

The following are true of the African National Congress except

A)it was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
B)it was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated native population through peaceful means.
C)its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.
D)in time, its policies became more prone to the use of violence to achieve its goals.
E)its original goal was to achieve economic and political reforms "within the system."

Question 19

In terms of the chronology of decolonization, it is accurate to say that

A)the first black African nation to become independent was the Congo, called the Banana Coast.
B)the African National Congress became increasingly radical as its modest initial goals were rejected by white South African governments.
C)Ahmad Ben Bella convinced Britain to proclaim Sudanese independence in 1988.
D)Portugal left Angola in 1949.
E)France willingly granted Algeria its independence in 1948.

Question 20

Among the selectively distributed benefits of Western civilization in Africa in the 1940s was/were

A)universal public schooling in all British and Portuguese colonies.
B)railway networks and other industrial sectors in Algeria and South Africa.
C)a well-developed industrial nucleus in the Gold Coast.
D)nuclear power plants in Zimbabwe.
E)pearl fisheries in Libya.

Question 21

A stabilizing factor in this African nation is an unwritten agreement that allows Christians and Muslims to alternate terms in holding the presidency.

A)Chad.
B)Angola.
C)Somalia.
D)Mali.
E)Nigeria.

Question 22

In his Arusha Declaration of 1967, Julius Nyerere attempted to

A)establish a system of socialism and self-reliance.
B)take advantage of the multi-party system in Tanzania.
C)permit personal incomes to grow as much as they could.
D)initiate economic programs in the villages that would become totally entrepreneurial.
E)"jump-start" his nation's economy with a system of free-market capitalism.

Question 23

During the first decades of the twentieth century, women in the Middle East

A)were aided by the "modernist" movement's efforts to change female statuses and roles by interpreting Islamic views in a manner closer to those prevailing in the West.
B)experienced great changes in their lives before 1970, in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Oman, which had regimes actively working to modernize their societies.
C)have made perhaps the greatest advances in Saudi Arabia, where women now have unlimited access to university education and may adopt Western dress.
D)have never had any political rights in Iran.
E)have had few if any political rights in Israel.

Question 24

Following his election to the presidency of Iran in 2005, this radical issued a statement publically calling for the destruction of the state of Israel.

A)Mohammad Khatami.
B)Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
C)Sadeq Hedayat.
D)Bashar al-Assad.
E)Mahmoud Abbas.

Question 25

In 1993, President de Klerk agreed with Nelson Mandela to implement

A)immediate and total National Party control until the ANC had greater experience in governing such a diverse society.
B)a transitional period in which representatives of the National Party and the ANC would be cabinet members.
C)democratic national elections.
D)a temporary dictatorship which combined representatives of both parties.
E)a voting system which was restricted to those who could both read and write.

Question 26

The formal establishment of the new state of Israel in May 1948

A)resulted in Arab denial of Israel's recognition.
B)was made more palatable for Arabs by Israeli support for an Arab Palestinian state.
C)resulted in war between Israel and its Christian neighbors.
D)received United States support from President Franklin Roosevelt.
E)led to a tentative peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

Question 27

All Israeli governments have been composed of coalitions of several political parties because

A)of the diverse population and large area of the country.
B)the Knesset used the American electoral system.
C)the nation was composed of two sharply divided political parties.
D)the nation was composed of many political parties having diverse interests.
E)a complete disinterest in politics by most Israelis.

Question 28

The one issue that has served as a unifying factor for all Middle Eastern Muslim states since the 1940s has been their

A)hostility toward Pakistan and India.
B)effort to defeat the Germans in World War II.
C)position on the Palestine question.
D)desire to increase oil production.
E)need to retain Western hegemony in the region.

Question 29

The majority of the terrorists who carried out the 11 September 2001 attack on the United States were from

A)Afghanistan.
B)Iran.
C)Iraq.
D)Saudi Arabia.
E)Jordan.

Question 30

Which of the following is not correct about the events of the Arab-Israeli dispute in recent years?

A)The intifada of Russian immigrants divided Israeli opinion, ending peace efforts.
B)Militant Palestinian terrorists have made many Israelis concerned about their security.
C)Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Islamic militants.
D)Arab-Israeli peace talks produced a tentative, partial peace agreement in 1993.
E)Jewish settlements on the West Bank have angered and frustrated many Palestinians.

Question 31

During the 1990s,

A)many African writers criticized the national governments and the local populace and not just their earlier colonial rulers.
B)African writers found that writing in local languages increased their incomes.
C)adult literacy, even in foreign, European languages, reached ninety percent in Africa.
D)many Africans longed for the return of Western imperialism.
E)the AIDS crisis diminished as the number of cases declined significantly.

Question 32

All of the following about the rule of the Shah of Iran before 1979 are correct except it

A)had raised per capita income significantly.
B)had strong American support, and many of its policies were hated by many Iranians.
C)caused a cultural clash within the country that helped to cause his downfall.
D)attempted to establish a purely Islamic society.
E)enabled the Ayatollah Khomeini to overthrow him and create an Islamic theocracy.

Question 33

The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is

A)hokees .
B)dash .
C)wabenzi .
D)chai .
E)bonsella .

Question 34

As a result of Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956,

A)Egypt was attacked by the British, the French, and the Israelis.
B)the Israelis supported Egypt in revenge for the holocaust.
C)the Eisenhower administration secured control of the canal for the Europeans by sending in a United States occupation force.
D)the Israelis retained perpetual control of the Sinai Peninsula.
E)the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan.

Question 35

In Kenya,

A)the population has been reduced, which has slowed economic growth.
B)the shortage of agricultural land forced Kenyans to migrate to Saudi Arabia to find better farmland.
C)the government of President Moi publicly praised the novelist Ngugi Wo Thiong'o and published his work in the Kikuyu language.
D)capitalism is the dominant economic system.
E)the ANC called for the ouster of President Moi.

Question 36

In the Six Day War of June, 1967, which of the following is not true?

A)Israeli forces seized control of the West Bank of the Jordan River.
B)The Golan Heights were taken from Syria.
C)An Arab blockade of the Gulf of Aqaba was broken.
D)All Palestinians were driven from Israeli-held territory.
E)The city of Jerusalem was occupied.

Question 37

The two leaders who ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa were

A)Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta.
B)F)W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
C)P)J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki.
D)Sékou Touré and Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
E)Milton Obote and Menachim Begin.

Question 38

Which of the following is not true about the role of women in post-colonial Africa ?

A)Women have achieved considerable success in politics, becoming president or prime minister in several countries.
B)Woman are permitted to vote and run for political office in most African nations.
C)Independence has furthered the cause of sexual equality in Africa.
D)Female genital mutilation is not uncommon in some African societies.
E)Woman have made greater strides in urban rather than in rural areas.

Question 39

The hopes for a lasting Middle East peace after Camp David were never realized, in part because of

A)the 1981 assassination of Sadat by Jewish militants.
B)the refusal of many non-Islamic states to recognize Israel's right to exist.
C)Israeli's policy of establishing Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank territories.
D)Ronald Reagan's election as the United States president.
E)the death of King Faisal.

Question 40

For a brief period between 1958 and 1961, Egypt merged with what nation to form the United Arab Republic?

A)Jordan.
B)Iraq.
C)Syria.
D)Saudi Arabia.
E)Lebanon.

Question 41

The vast majority of profits of exported agricultural or mineral products in Africa went to whom?

A)European or foreign merchants.
B)Corrupt government officials.
C)African businesspeople with education in the European universities.
D)Clan chieftains.
E)None of these

Question 42

Which of the following represents an example of outbreak of civil war in previously considered stable and prosperous nation?​

A)South Africa
B)Ghana
C)Burkina Faso
D)Ivory Coast
E)Liberia

Question 43

In Sudan, there was long-term conflict ​between

A)Muslim pastoralists versus Christian farmers
B)sedentary Hutus versus pastoral Tutsis.
C)urban supporters of Umaru Yar'Adua versus civilian majority supporters of Olusegun Obasanjo
D)Pan-Islamic president Omar Al-Bashir versus ​pro-western leadership of Zera Yacob Amha Selassie
E)South Sudanese speakers of English or Sudanese (modern)Arabic

Question 44

The Egyptian novelist who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was

A)Muhammad Fawzi.
B)Muammar Qadhafi.
C)Naguib Mahfouz.
D)Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
E)Khalil Gibran.

Question 45

The state of Lebanon was created to what ends in the Near East?​

A)To provide a buffer state between Turkey and Palestine.
B)To provide refuge for Christians in the Levant.
C)To allow a Hashemite ruler to have an independent state.
D)To serve as a haven for Muslims expelled from Israel.
E)To permit a heterogeneous religious population in a secular state of the Near East

Question 46

All of the following are true about the economies of the Middle East except

A)the socialist economies in the region have been more prosperous than capitalist ones.
B)no nation in the region has attempted to create a Leninist socioeconomic system.
C)a lack of adequate water resources and rapid population growth have created serious economic problems in the region.
D)emigration has served as a type of wealth re-distributor in the region.
E)that uneven oil income has caused vast differences in wealth distribution in the region.

Question 47

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established in 1964 with the sponsorship of which Arab country?​

A)Algeria
B)Syria
C)Egypt
D)Jordan
E)Saudi Arabia

Question 48

The author who despaired of the corruption of the new national leaders such as Nkrumah was ​

A)Ayi Kwei Armah,  ​The Beautiful Ones are not Yet Born
B)Chinua Achebe,  ​Things Fall Apart
C)Sefi Atta,  Everything Good Will Come
D)Yasmina Khadra,  The Swallows of Kabul
E)Elechi Amadi,  Sunset in Biafra

Question 49

Why did the multinational forces that invaded Iraq in 1991 not occupy Baghdad?

A)They feared doing so would cause a breakup of the country that would benefit Iran.
B)To avoid retaliation of Kurdish minorities in the northern province near Mosul.
C)Baghdad was reputed to have a supply of "weapons of mass destruction."
D)A Pan-Arabic alliance unified despite significant splits between Shiite and Sunni sects.
E)To prevent the possible spread of Communism from Afghanistan.

Question 50

Many African leaders were angered when it was discovered that western powers led by the US conspired to overthrow ​

A)Mohamar Khadaffi
B)Patrice Lumumbu
C)General Mobutu Sese Seko
D)Kwame Nkrumah
E)Ahmad Ben Bella

Question 51

The two Muslim states in the Middle East that gave greater rights to women before 1980 were

A)Israel and Jordan.
B)Turkey and Iran.
C)Egypt and Syria.
D)Saudi Arabia and Lebanon.
E)the Sudan and Yemen.

Question 52

The organization considered a concrete manifestation of the ideas of Pan-Africanism was the​

A)Uhuru National Coalition.
B)Ashanti West African Congress
C)Organization of African Unity
D)African National Congress
E)Anti-Apartheid League

Question 53

Iranian Prime Minister Muhammad Mossadegh was overthrown in 1953 with the assistance of whom?​

A)the Russian KGB
B)the Ba'ath party in Syria
C)Pan-Arabic forces led by Muammar Qaddafi.
D)the American CIA
E)British MI6.

Question 54

Adherents to western style Capitalism among the new leaders of Africa included: ​

A)Patrice Lumumbu
B)Kwame Nkrumah
C)Sekou Toure
D)Jomo Kenyatta
E)Julius Nyerere

Question 55

The genocide in Central Africa that occurred between 1996-2000 was in a civil war between  ​

A)Uganda and Zaire
B)Rwanda and Uganda
C)Burundi and Rwanda
D)Tanzania and the DRC
E)Rwanda and Tanzania

Question 56

The term in which Western domination was maintained primarily by economic rather than political or military means was: ​

A)pan-Africanism
B)decolonization
C)neo-colonialism
D)capitalism
E)non-settlement

Question 57

In regard to the relationship between Islam and women's rights, which of the following is the most valid statement?

A)There is no longer a significant difference in ideas about female roles among the peoples of the West and the Arab world.
B)Traditional attitudes have been re-established only in Iran.
C)Saudi Arabia has been the most conservative country in the Middle East in this matter.
D)Early modernists viewed the wearing of the veil and the practice of polygamy as purely Islamic.
E)Islamic rule produced a curtailing of women's rights in early twentieth-century Turkey.

Question 58

The major export crop of the Gold Coast was​

A)peanuts and indigo
B)palm oil and cocoa products
C)coffee and cotton
D)peanuts and palm oil
E)iron ore and rubber

Question 59

The first coalition attempted under the auspices of Pan-Arabism was led by ​

A)Moammar Quadaffi
B)Omar Al-Bashir
C)Zaki Al-Arsuzi
D)King Farouk
E)Gamal Abdul Nasser

Question 60

In his 2010 novel , To the End of the Land , which Israeli author writes of an ordinary Israeli family living amid constant conflict and loss, and was consequently labeled the moral conscience of his nation?

A)Amos Oz.
B)A) B. Yehoshua.
C)David Grossman.
D)Aviv Geffen.
E)Yahya Ayash.

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Sudan's Muslim pastoralists and Christian farmers

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
"Bantustans"

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
apartheid

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Pan-Africanism

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People's Party

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Jomo Kenyatta and KANU

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Kenya and capitalism

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Nigeria's Christians and Muslims

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Mobutu Sese Seko and Laurent-Désiré Kabila

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
uhuru

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
AIDS

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Tanzania's Julius Nyerere's Arusha Declaration

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
"African form of socialism"

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
African National Congress (ANC)

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Mau Mau

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Rwanda and Burundi and Hutus and Tutsis

Question 79

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
Olusegun Obasanjo

Question 80

Instructions: Identify the following terms.
"neocolonialism"