Deck 6: The Revolution

Question 1

The term republicanism refers to:

A)governmental doctrines dedicated to changing social structures through revolutionary means.
B)a system of government where major industries are owned and controlled by the state rather than by individuals.
C)the theory of government grounded on free-market economy.
D)a system that assimilates collective ownership and alliances of native sovereign groups.
E)the idea of government based on the consent of the governed and the protection of individual rights.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

King George III did all of the following in the wake of the colonists' Olive Branch Petition, EXCEPT:

A)denouncing the colonists as rebels.
B)hiring German mercenaries, the Hessians, to help defeat the rebels.
C)closing all American ports.
D)rejecting the Olive Branch Petition.
E)offering freedom to slaves who fought for the British.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

During the Revolutionary War, Washington's worst mistake was that he failed to have his troops inoculated against smallpox.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

At the time of the Revolutionary War, the most powerful Indian tribes who were in contact with the colonists lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

Question 5

Which of the following was true of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense ?

A)It was enormously influential in changing the minds of those who had opposed independence.
B)It was targeted only to the educated elites who supported independence.
C)It explained why black soldiers were not used during the first years of the war.
D)It explained the wealthy landlords' point of view on independence.
E)It was published and distributed only in the southern colonies and New York.

Question 6

"Not worth a Continental" was a popular phrase that referred to the poor fighting quality of the Continental Army.

Question 7

During the war, slaves participated in the fight on both sides, although the revolutionaries welcomed them more willingly than did the British.

Question 8

By 1790, all states except Georgia and South Carolina had outlawed the importation of slaves from abroad.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT a reason why American colonists felt motivated to form an independent nation?

A)British taxes had impoverished the colonial economies.
B)The colonists had formed a unique society distinct from that of England.
C)The colonists had developed a well-rounded economic system of their own.
D)Large sectors of the North American economy were becoming increasingly independent of England.
E)Colonists had developed their own governments, which they were not willing to give up.

Question 10

Which of the following was the reason why colonists gradually sided with the revolutionaries?

A)The decline of salutary neglect
B)The acceptance of the Olive Branch Petition
C)The decline of the economy
D)The dependence on Britain for trade
E)The insubordination of the British

Question 11

In the context of the American Revolution, which of the following is a true statement about George Washington?

A)He issued a proclamation offering freedom to any slave who agreed to fight for the British.
B)He refused to use black soldiers during the first years of the war.
C)He rejected the Olive Branch Petition of the Second Continental Congress and in August 1775 denounced the colonists as rebels.
D)He wrote a short book called Cato's Letters .
E)He proposed, on June 7, 1776, that the colonies officially declare their independence.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT a reason why some colonists were reluctant to withdraw from the British Empire?

A)They had families in England and felt connected to the mother country.
B)They had commercial ties with England.
C)They feared that the French or Spanish would take over if the British were vanquished.
D)They worried about slave and Native American uprisings.
E)They feared what American independence might mean.

Question 13

King George III hired a group of mercenaries from Germany, called _____, to fight the colonists.

A)Landsknechts
B)Hessians
C)Garde Écossaise
D)Gallowglasses
E)Vigils

Question 14

During the third phase of the Revolutionary War, Patriots often subjected Loyalists to public humiliation, as they looted their land and ransacked their homes.

Question 15

The war had divided the colonists between Loyalists, rebels, and those indifferent to either side.

Question 16

Politically, the American Revolution was the first world conflict whose winners embraced the promise of the Enlightenment.

Question 17

Which of the following was an influential political pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, published in January 1776 and containing simple explanations of republican ideals?

A)Declaration of Independence
B)Olive Branch Petition
C)Albany Plan
D)Thoughts on Government
E)Common Sense

Question 18

Many historians have pointed to the revolutionary events of the 1730s and 1740s as laying part of the foundation for the Great Awakening of the 1760s and 1770s.

Question 19

The first state to draft and enact a statute protecting religious freedom for all was Massachusetts.

Question 20

Most of the colonists who remained supportive of Britain during the American Revolution were:

A)wealthy landholders and slave owners.
B)Scottish immigrants.
C)German immigrants.
D)the destitute.
E)the Native Americans.

Question 21

Which of the following is a true statement about the preamble of the Declaration of Independence.

A)It justified the revolution on the basis of natural rights.
B)It listed grievances accusing George III of tyranny.
C)It directed complaints toward Parliament.
D)Unlike earlier documents, it broke away from the language of Republicanism,
E)Unlike earlier documents, it did not directly express the intention of separation.

Question 22

Bills of credit were:

A)documents of loans made by poor farmers.
B)currency printed by the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary War.
C)terms between banks and individuals regarding loans.
D)loans from foreign governments.
E)lists of basic rights adopted by most states of the colonies.

Question 23

Which of the following does the phrase "not worth a Continental" refer to?

A)The Continental Army troops who were not well trained
B)The poor, unpaid state of the Continental Army
C)The centralized currency's lack of buying power and the widespread lack of faith in it
D)The men who were not fit enough to be part of the Continental Army
E)The educated elite who did not extend their support to independence

Question 24

Which of the following was NOT a reason why Britain failed to win the war against the American revolutionists?

A)Washington's military strategy of prolonging the war by constantly retreating inland made it difficult for Britain to re-supply its troops.
B)The colonial revolutionists avoided directly engaging the British troops.
C)Other European nations eventually came to America's aid.
D)Britain's army was not prepared for the guerilla-style warfare of the colonists.
E)The British army's hierarchy of authority broke down in the unfamiliar foreign land.

Question 25

The Continental Army forced the British to evacuate Boston in March 1776, which led to:

A)the renewal of British attempts to besiege the city in order to break the unity of the colonists.
B)the end of the eleven-month siege of the city.
C)the withdrawal of British forces from New York, thus weakening their control of the North.
D)the decrease in the number of loyalists in New York.
E)the formation of an underground network of British spies in the city.

Question 26

Which of the following was George Washington's strategic doctrine?

A)To not lose was to win.
B)To engage the British in all endeavors of the Continental Army
C)To win every battle the Continental Army fought
D)To deeply follow democratic ideology
E)To not use untrained men in the Continental Army

Question 27

The centralized authority for the colonies during the war was:

A)General George Washington.
B)the Privy Council.
C)the Continental Congress.
D)the colony of Massachusetts.
E)Benjamin Franklin.

Question 28

Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense , was significant because it:

A)served as a draft for what would become the Declaration of Independence.
B)it extended republican ideals to colonists beyond the educated elite.
C)argued that America was already independent; the final break was just a formality.
D)provided a clear system of government for the new nation.
E)included a vision of equality that was radical for its time, including the eventual abolition of slavery.

Question 29

The Declaration of Independence was presented to the Congress on _____.

A)June 28, 1776
B)September 26, 1777
C)January 2, 1783
D)October 19, 1781
E)March 22, 1765

Question 30

Before the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, to get men to enlist for the army, the Continental Congress first offered them _____.

A)money
B)land
C)political power
D)officers' commissions
E)homes

Question 31

Which of the following made it difficult for the British Army to destroy Washington's army?

A)Washington's army had better training than the British army.
B)Washington had the most powerful army in the world, supremacy of the seas, and an organized chain of command.
C)Washington's army was adept at running up hills and into forests to avoid being captured.
D)The British army was not well armed or accustomed to large battles on vast battlefields.
E)Washington's army hired German mercenaries, the Hessians, to fight the British Army.

Question 32

The Continental Army acted under the orders of _____, a patrician Virginia tobacco farmer whose wealth came from his wife's family.

A)George Washington
B)Richard Henry Lee
C)Roger Sherman
D)John Adams
E)Benjamin Franklin

Question 33

Which of the following was the reason why John Adams wrote that July 2 could be called the birthday of the United States?

A)John Hancock, the president of the Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence on July 2, 1776.
B)The Declaration of Independence was presented to the Congress on July 2, 1776.
C)Richard Henry Lee, a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress, proposed, on July 2, 1775, that the colonies officially declare their independence.
D)The first American revolutionary movement started on July 2, 1774.
E)On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted to dissolve ties with Britain, essentially declaring independence.

Question 34

All historians credit Thomas Paine's political pamphlet Common Sense with:

A)providing layman's terms for the case of independence.
B)supporting educated elites who opposed independence.
C)asserting that King George III always had the welfare of his subjects in mind.
D)arguing that independence is not the only answer to the problem Americans faced under the British Empire.
E)raising concerns about slave and Native American uprisings.

Question 35

Which of the following was true of the American revolutionaries?

A)Throughout the Revolutionary War, the revolutionaries had no official central authority.
B)The revolutionaries could easily raise money as many people, including wealthy landlords, were willing to fund for the Revolutionary War.
C)The revolutionaries reported to Thomas Paine.
D)All of the revolutionaries' decisions were made by John Adams, the official central authority of the Continental Army.
E)All of the revolutionaries were well trained and paid by the Continental Congress.

Question 36

For the Continental Army, _____ was a problem from the beginning.

A)recruitment
B)forming battle strategy
C)training
D)loyalty
E)disunity among soldiers

Question 37

In March 1776, after being forced to evacuate Boston by the Continental Army, the British Army:

A)set their base in New York.
B)secretly sought refuge in Boston.
C)sailed home.
D)surrendered to the Continental Army.
E)prepared for the Battle of Bunker Hill.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Declaration of Independence?

A)George Washington joined Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Roger Sherman in drafting it.
B)It was composed of two parts: the first justifying the revolution, the second listing grievances against the king.
C)In it, Jefferson blamed England for bringing slavery to the New World.
D)The congress made several major changes to the document before signing it.
E)Many of the signatures on it did not appear until August of 1776.

Question 39

Which of the following was true of Congress' response to the Declaration document?

A)The Congress readily accepted the first draft of the Declaration document created by the committee they created.
B)The Congress was dissatisfied with the Declaration document created by the committee, so they recreated a new committee with different members.
C)The Congress read the Declaration, debated it, and made several major changes to it.
D)The Congress did not read and accept the Declaration until August, 1776.
E)The Congress compressed the three part declaration to one part, consisting of just a preamble.

Question 40

When did the financial condition of the Continental Army improve?

A)It improved after the Treaty of Paris was signed in September 1783.
B)It improved when George Washington became the officially centralized authority of the Continental Army.
C)It improved in the year 1777, when John Adams took over the central authority from George Washington.
D)It improved immediately after the American colonies declared their independence on July 4, 1776.
E)It improved after 1781, when Robert Morris became superintendent of finance for the fledgling nation.

Question 41

What was the goal of the British Army when initiating the second phase of the war?

A)It was to isolate New England by taking control of New York City and the Great Lakes, then subduing the South, leaving Massachusetts stranded in its revolutionary fervor.
B)It was to isolate New York by taking control of Boston and to start the battle there, as Boston had the least number of revolutionists.
C)It was to use the guerilla warfare approach against the American revolutionists as the Americans were Unaccustomed to such type of battle.
D)It was to gain aid from European countries like France and Germany throughout the war.
E)It was to prolong the war by constantly retreating inland, nearby places where British ships could easily resupply British troops to fight against the well trained, vast Continental Army.

Question 42

Republican ideas spread throughout the colonies in the 1700s, mainly by the work of two English authors- John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon-who wrote a short book called _________.
A. Cato's Letters
B. Albany Plan
C. Thoughts on Government
D. Common Sense

Question 43

King George III rejected the _________ of the Second Continental Congress, and in August 1775, he denounced the colonists as rebels.
A. Olive Branch Petition
B. Virginia Resolves
C. Suffolk Resolves
D. Sheffield Declaration

Question 44

In the context of the American Revolution, who were the Loyalists?

Question 45

By illustrating the contradiction between slavery and liberty, the Revolutionary War triggered the _____ in the North.

A)abolition of slavery
B)faith of the Loyalists
C)abolition of liberty
D)faith of the revolutionaries
E)anger of the British

Question 46

For Americans, in the revolutionary era and after, a strong belief in democracy and the experience of fighting for their political independence were the impetus for the mounting tide of _____ that followed the Revolutionary War.

A)supremacy
B)patriotism
C)democracy
D)republicanism
E)gratitude

Question 47

Explain the long-term underlying causes that lead to the American Revolution.

Question 48

Which of the following is a true statement about Washington's troops during the winter of 1777-1778?

A)Washington's troops were continually besting General Howe's forces.
B)Washington's troops were short on supplies and close to starvation.
C)Washington's troops received new equipment, which boosted their morale.
D)Washington's troops captured Philadelphia and broke with their chief tactic of running.
E)Washington's troops were aided by the army at Morristown to fortify Philadelphia.

Question 49

_____, a Bill drafted by Thomas Jefferson, articulated distrust of an established state church and asserted the value of religious liberty.

A)The Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom
B)The Pennsylvania Statute on Religious Liberty
C)Cato's Petition of Religious Secularism
D)The Olive Branch Petition
E)The Sheffield Declaration

Question 50

In the context of the American Revolution, explain republicanism.

Question 51

Discuss the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Question 52

The battle in New York State in 1777 between the Continental Army and General Burgoyne's British Army troops-where Burgoyne surrendered, giving hope to the revolutionary effort-is known as the _________.
A. Battle of Carthage
B. Battle of Fort Sumter
C. Battle of Big Bethel
D. Battle of Saratoga

Question 53

Identify the three substantial precipitating events that led to the American Revolution.

Question 54

The theory that government should be based on the consent of the governed and that the governed have a duty to ensure that their government does not infringe on individual rights is known as _________.
A. republicanism
B. communism
C. amoralism
D. liberalism

Question 55

The significance of the Battle of Saratoga was that it:

A)removed the Indian tribes from the fighting.
B)demonstrated the impairment of having the seasoned French officer the Marquis de Lafayette on the side of the patriots.
C)let the colonists know that winning the war might not take a very long time.
D)convinced several European countries, most importantly France, to join the patriots in their fight against Britain.
E)maintained the patriots' hopes for freedom, even though they lost the battle.

Question 56

Which of the following was true of the Americans' war-fighting strategy during the Revolutionary War against the British?

A)The Americans' strategy was to run and survive.
B)The Americans' strategy was to not fight with the British in Boston, as there were more loyalists than revolutionists in that colony.
C)The Americans' strategy was to fight with the British in New York, as there were more revolutionists in that state.
D)The Americans' strategy was to fight on vast battlefields whenever possible.
E)The Americans' strategy was to not use guerrilla warfare.

Question 57

The American victory at Trenton, New Jersey, in the year 1776, helped Washington to:

A)gain access to New World trading posts.
B)catch up and harass the British troops that had fled across the river.
C)give his men the morale boost of a victory.
D)prove that the patriots could defeat sizeable regiments of the larger British Army.
E)capture the seat of the colonial governor.

Question 58

With its emphasis on personal religious experience rather than the authority of the ministers, and as one of the first events to create a shared experience for people from New England to the southern colonies, the _____ has been viewed as an early form of revolutionary activity.

A)Great Awakening
B)Battle of Saratoga
C)Continental Congress
D)Declaration of Independence
E)Liberation of Slavery

Question 59

For Americans, the seeds of a national identity were planted during the:

A)Revolutionary War.
B)early 1600s.
C)Battle of Carthage.
D)Battle of Fort Sumter.
E)late 1900s.

Question 60

To willingly free one's slaves is to _________ them.
A. partus
B. hessian
C. manumit
D. erethism

Question 61

Discuss the factors involved in Americans' choosing sides in the Revolution.

Question 62

Explain the financial status of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.

Question 63

Examine the challenges that the Americans faced in building an army. How did the two sides compare to each other in terms of military might? How did the size of the Continental Army influence Washington's strategy in the early phase of the war?

Question 64

Historians have identified three phases of the American Revolution. Briefly explain the three phases of the war.

Question 65

How were the lives of women, slaves, and Native Americans changed by the ideals of the Revolution?

Question 66

Explain the impact of the American Revolution on American nationalism.

Question 67

What was the Continental Army? What was its role in the American Revolution?

Question 68

Explain the Newburgh Conspiracy.

Question 69

Discuss the importance of the Battle of Saratoga.

Question 70

Discuss the Declaration of Independence. Why did the Americans decide to issue it? How was it constructed and who did Americans hope would accept the rationale of the Declaration and support the Revolution?