Deck 16: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

Congress opposed Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan by passing the _____.

A)Fifty-Percent Plan
B)iron-clad oath
C)Reconstruction Act
D)Owen-Keating Bill
E)Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 1

E

Question 2

_____ is defined as the federal government's attempts to resolve the issues resulting from the end of the Civil War.

A)Reconstruction
B)Transformation
C)Impeachment
D)Amendment
E)Disfranchisement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about the Wade-Davis Bill?

A)It divided the southern states into five military districts.
B)It required the deportation of Southerners who had voluntarily aided or abetted the rebellion.
C)It required ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)It showed no concern for the future of black people in America.
E)It allowed a southern state back into the Union after 50 percent of the population had taken a loyalty oath.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The reconstruction of southern society was particularly difficult because:

A)the southerners had lost their position in the international cotton market.
B)the integration of 4 million newly freed slaves posed grave political questions.
C)southern cities had suffered so severely in Sherman's and Grant's campaigns that many were not fully rebuilt until the early 20th century.
D)about 23 percent of the southern population had died.
E)the infrastructure of the South was so damaged that it set the region behind for decades to come.

Question 5

A number of famous Confederates joined the Republican Party after the war, including Pierre Beauregard and James Longstreet.

Question 6

The Fourteenth Amendment included, among other things, protection for the voting rights of African Americans.

Question 7

Northerners became more interested in civil rights matters, especially after the United States entered a deep recession in 1873.

Question 8

Lincoln selected Andrew Johnson as his running mate in 1864, hoping to quiet dissent by running with a non-northerner and a non-Republican.

Question 9

One of the first organizations created after the war in the South was the _____, founded in 1865 by six white Confederate soldiers.

A)Freedmen's Bureau
B)Southern Cross
C)Knights of the White Camellia
D)Free Soilers Party
E)Ku Klux Klan

Question 10

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited segregation in public schools.

Question 11

Which of the following was one of the first things many freed people did after the bonds of slavery were broken?

A)They attempted to unite with the women's suffrage movement.
B)They held mock elections to show their capacity to participate in the American political process.
C)They exercised their freedom of movement.
D)They paraded to advocate for bills endorsing the right to vote.
E)They glorified black Revolutionary heroes to establish their credentials.

Question 12

All the so-called carpetbaggers were corrupt.

Question 13

The Herculean task that the Freedmen's Bureau had success with was:

A)building schools and medical facilities.
B)providing land reform for owners of southern plantations.
C)establishing new churches.
D)providing housing facilities.
E)designing job training for freed slaves.

Question 14

In truth, more black people voted for Grant's opponent in the 1868 election than for Grant.

Question 15

During Reconstruction, freed slaves ensured that Republicans dominated all of the new state governments in the South.

Question 16

In which of the following ways did African Americans in the South demonstrate their newly achieved freedom?

A)By purchasing firearms
B)By searching for long-lost family members who were sold to different owners for profits
C)By leaving the plantations upon which they had labored as slaves
D)By holding large gatherings and meetings
E)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is a statement about the Ten-Percent Plan issued by Lincoln?

A)It divided the southern states into five military districts.
B)It offered amnesty to any southerner who proclaimed loyalty to the Union.
C)It required ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)It showed no concern for the future of black people in America.
E)It required states to hold elections for state constitutional conventions.

Question 18

In an effort to win the right to vote, African Americans did all of the following during the Reconstruction era EXCEPT:

A)marching to demand the right to vote.
B)parading to advocate for bills endorsing it.
C)lionizing black Revolutionary heroes to establish their credentials as vote-casting Americans.
D)participating in the women's suffrage movement.
E)holding mock elections to show their capacity and desire to participate in the American political process.

Question 19

Almost one-fourth of the South's fighting-age men died in the Civil War.

Question 20

Rutherford B. Hayes became president through the Compromise of 1877.

Question 21

Passed by most of the new southern state governments during Reconstruction, the black codes did all of the following EXCEPT:

A)allow African Americans to buy and sell land.
B)legalize black marriages while banning interracial marriage.
C)permit African Americans to sit on juries.
D)make it illegal for police to round up black vagrants and hire them out to white landowners.
E)increase the physical separation of black Americans from white Americans.

Question 22

During Reconstruction, _____ of Mississippi became the nation's first African American senator, while several other southern states voted African Americans into the House.

A)Blanche K. Bruce
B)Horatio Seymour
C)Edwin M. Stanton
D)Hiram Rhodes Revels
E)Thaddeus Stevens

Question 23

Which of the following is a true statement about carpetbaggers?

A)They had mostly been nonslaveholding poor white farmers who worked and lived in the hill country.
B)Many of them had come to the South with a desire to improve the lot of America's black people.
C)They were southern-born white Republicans.
D)Most of them were old officials who moved north after the Confederacy's defeat.
E)They were represented by elite northerners, including Confederate generals, who joined the Republican Party.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true of the black codes?

A)They forbade intermarriage between black and white Americans.
B)They permitted freed slaves to serve on juries.
C)They forbade African Americans to hold and sell property.
D)They permitted freed slaves to testify against white people in court.
E)They permitted African Americans from renting farmland especially in states like Mississippi.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of the Military Reconstruction Act?

A)It divided the southern states into five military districts.
B)It required states to hold elections for state constitutional conventions.
C)It required ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)It was enacted in 1867.
E)All of the above

Question 26

The only state to have an African American judge on the state Supreme Court during the Reconstruction era was _____.

A)South Carolina
B)Georgia
C)North Carolina
D)Virginia
E)Tennessee

Question 27

In the aftermath of the Civil War, women's rights activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Olympia Brown did all of the following EXCEPT:

A)use new national journals like The Agitator to advertise their cause.
B)push for the reform of marriage laws.
C)campaign for changes in inheritance laws.
D)campaign on behalf of the political and economic rights of black men.
E)push for a constitutional guarantee of women's suffrage.

Question 28

Which of the following is a true statement about the Fifteenth Amendment?

A)It prohibited any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
B)It introduced the word "male" into the Constitution for the first time.
C)It was designed to protect the rights of black males and immigrant, non-citizen males.
D)It was ratified and adopted in 1867 before any of the southern states returned to Congress.
E)It advocated for the rights of women and pushed for a reform of marriage laws, changes in inheritance laws, and the voting rights of women.

Question 29

The Military Reconstruction Act divided the former rebel states, with the exception of _____, into five military districts.

A)Georgia
B)Texas
C)Florida
D)Tennessee
E)Louisiana

Question 30

Which of the following is a true statement about the Second Reconstruction Act?

A)The Second Reconstruction Act so outraged northerners that they refused to enroll the voters needed to put Reconstruction into motion.
B)Congress passed the Second Reconstruction Act thereby authorizing the Union military commanders to register southern voters and assemble the constitutional conventions.
C)After passing the Second Reconstruction Act, Congress passed two more acts designed to force northerners to proceed with Reconstruction in the summer of 1867.
D)The Second Reconstruction Act was passed by Congress because southerners did not prefer military rule at all.
E)Following the Second Reconstruction Act, Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Act and divided the former rebel states into five military districts.

Question 31

Radical Republicans in Congress sought to:

A)break up southern plantations into small, self-sufficient farms.
B)expel southern states as punishment for their rebellion.
C)expand the role of the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act.
D)execute the leaders of the Confederacy.
E)start a discussion about northern guilt for the crime of slavery.

Question 32

President Johnson defied the _____, which resulted in his impeachment trial.

A)Civil Rights Act of 1875
B)Second Reconstruction Act
C)Force Act of 1870
D)Military Reconstruction Act
E)Tenure of Office Act

Question 33

The Republicans in the House of Representatives wanted to impeach President Andrew Johnson because:

A)the president had clearly committed high crimes and misdemeanors.
B)Radical Republicans in the House charged the president with violating the Tenure of Office Act.
C)the president had appointed a set of southern stalwarts to the United States Supreme Court.
D)his vetoes had made governing virtually impossible.
E)northern Democrats were eager for an early election that would give their candidate the upper hand.

Question 34

Which of the following was the outcome of the impeachment trial of President Johnson?

A)He was retained in office because the Senate was one vote shy of removing him from office.
B)He was easily voted out by a two-thirds majority in the Senate.
C)He was immediately removed from office because Moderate Republicans and Democrats joined the House Radicals in condemning Johnson.
D)He was exempted from impeachment as the House dropped all charges against him.
E)He was exempted from impeachment as the Senate ultimately authorized the firing of Edwin M. Stanton.

Question 35

_____, a local actor and Confederate sympathizer, shot and killed Lincoln during a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.

A)Benjamin Wade
B)Thaddeus Stevens
C)Charles Sumner
D)John Wilkes Booth
E)Nathan Bedford Forrest

Question 36

Immediately after the Civil War, many white landowners _____.

A)began advertising in the North and in Europe for farm workers, determined not to use black people as slaves again
B)attempted to recreate as much of the slave system as they could, even trying to use the whip to maintain discipline
C)could not understand how they were to treat the former slaves since they had never been in that situation before
D)decided to make the first overtures and offered shorter hours on their own, without forcing black people to work in gangs
E)sold their plantations rather than having to hire and pay free black people

Question 37

Which of the following is a true statement about the Fourteenth Amendment?

A)It prohibited any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
B)It introduced the word "male" into the Constitution for the first time.
C)It was designed to protect the rights of black males and immigrant, non-citizen males.
D)It was ratified and adopted in 1867 before any of the southern states returned to Congress.
E)It advocated for the rights of women and pushed for a reform of marriage laws, changes in inheritance laws, and the voting rights of women.

Question 38

Which of the following was NOT a part of President Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction?

A)A loyalty oath to secure amnesty for most southerners who had participated in the rebellion
B)Freedmen receiving forty acres and a mule to build their own economic security
C)Confederate leaders and wealthy planters appealing to President Johnson personally for a pardon and to regain full citizenship rights
D)Reconstructed southerners who received amnesty retaining all their property apart from slaves they held before and during the Civil War
E)A presidentially appointed governor controlling each rebel state until the loyalty oath had been administered to the citizenry

Question 39

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens were members of a group known as _____.

A)Copperheads
B)Radical Republicans
C)Carpetbaggers
D)Redeemers
E)Scalawags

Question 40

Who among the following were northern-born whites who moved south after the Confederacy's defeat?

A)Radical Republicans
B)Carpetbaggers
C)Redeemers
D)Scalawags
E)Copperheads

Question 41

Describe Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction.

Question 42

_________ were perceived by many Southerners as corrupt and lowly, although many of them came South with the desire to improve the lives of America's black people.
a. Copperheads
B. Carpetbaggers
C. Redeemers
D. Scalawags

Question 43

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant?

A)It was marked by great strides for African American civil rights.
B)It was infamous for economic chicanery and corruption.
C)It was focused on efforts to clean up the government.
D)It was noticeable for instituting civil service reform.
E)It was marked by the ability to redistribute land to freed slaves.

Question 44

Describe what the black Americans did right after their bonds of slavery were broken.

Question 45

Describe the implications of the newfound freedom of the black American people.

Question 46

The _________ hoped to strip the southern planter class of its power and ensure that freed slaves would acquire basic rights.
a. carpetbaggers
B. Radical Republicans
C. Democrats
D. scalawags

Question 47

The supporters of the white Redeemers terrorized African Americans in the South with violence, intimidation, and the law in order to:

A)lease out prisoners to private companies or landowners looking for workers after the demise of slavery.
B)push freedmen to migrate to the North.
C)win political and social control away from those promoting greater racial equality in the region.
D)prevent black men from marrying white women.
E)force black men to work for them for substandard pay.

Question 48

Write a paragraph on the Ku Klux Klan and its origins.

Question 49

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 did not prohibit racial discrimination in _____.

A)public facilities
B)places of amusement
C)the workplace
D)transportation lines
E)the jury

Question 50

Write a passage on President Andrew Johnson and his plan for Reconstruction.

Question 51

The _________ forbade racial discrimination in all public facilities, transportation lines, places of amusement, and juries.
a. Civil Rights Act of 1875
B. Second Reconstruction Act
C. Force Act of 1870
D. Military Reconstruction Act

Question 52

_____ African Americans have served in the U.S. House of Representatives, and about a sixth of them were elected during Reconstruction.

A)Nine
B)Twelve
C)Forty-five
D)One Hundred and thirty-eight
E)Five hundred

Question 53

The _________ were southern Democrats and their supporters who used violence, intimidation, and the law to win political and social control away from those promoting greater racial equality in the region.
a. Radical Republicans
B. copperheads
C. Redeemers
D. scalawags

Question 54

There have been only _____ black senators ever elected to the U.S. Senate.

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)seven
E)nine

Question 55

By 1900, _____ of southern whites lived in sharecropping families.

A)3 percent
B)10 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
E)90 percent

Question 56

President Grant's administration responded to the upsurge in southern violence against free black men and women by:

A)sending troops to retain order in the South and arrest perpetrators.
B)diverting his attention to tackling the problems of the Whiskey Ring.
C)sending a stern warning, including threats of censuring southern Congressmen, until the violence ceased.
D)pushing two important measures through Congress and making it a felony to interfere with the right to vote.
E)passing a law to make the Ku Klux Klan legal in the South.

Question 57

_________ was the first president in the history of the United States to be impeached.
a. Abraham Lincoln
B. Ulysses S. Grant
C. Andrew Johnson
D. Rutherford B. Hayes

Question 58

In the Compromise of 1877, which of the following did the Republicans promise to the Democrats?

A)They promised to respect the rights of black citizens.
B)They promised to withdraw federal troops from the South.
C)They promised the withdrawal of control by the white Redeemers.
D)They promised a renewed commitment to Reconstruction legislation.
E)They promised to ensure the proportion of black people with government positions matched their proportion in the population.

Question 59

Which of the following is a true statement about the sharecropping system?

A)It was more popular among the white population in the South than among the black population.
B)It gave freedom to black people, as landowners allowed all black people to own property.
C)It offered great hope for economic and social advancement.
D)It easily permitted sharecroppers to earn enough money to buy land.
E)It first paid the farmer and then the landowner when crops were sold at the market.

Question 60

Which of the following was a consequence of the Panic of 1873?

A)The Democrats took the blame for the nation's economic troubles.
B)The Republicans lost seventy-seven seats in the congressional elections of 1874.
C)The reconstruction policies were blamed for the economic crisis.
D)President Grant was voted out of office in 1876.
E)President Grant blamed himself for not handling the financial crisis firmly enough.

Question 61

How and when did Congress gain control of Reconstruction? How did the process change? Describe how Congress prevented Andrew Johnson from interfering in the process.

Question 62

Describe the provisions of the sharecropping system.

Question 63

Explain the consequences of the Panic of 1873.

Question 64

Describe the process of Presidential Reconstruction. How and why did Abraham Lincoln's assassination change the process? How did Andrew Johnson's administration help lead to Congressional Reconstruction?

Question 65

Write a passage on the black codes.

Question 66

Discuss the practice of convict leasing as practiced by southern landowners and politicians.

Question 67

Why did Reconstruction collapse? Discuss the Presidential election of 1876, the Compromise of 1877, and why northerners were ready to end the attempts to change the South.

Question 68

Examine the ways in which the former slaves' lives changed after the end of the Civil War. How did black southerners seek to control their lives and participate in the electoral process? What was the response from white southerners?

Question 69

Explain the three Reconstruction Amendments. Why and when were they ratified? Why did the Congress believe it was necessary to change the Constitution?

Question 70

Explain the women's rights movement that emerged during Reconstruction.