Deck 22: The Great Depression and the New Deal

Question 1

Which of the following was true of Hoovervilles?

A)They were the dams constructed during President Hoover's time in office.
B)They were the residences of the previous presidents.
C)They were the houses destroyed during the war.
D)They were houses built with expensive marble tiles.
E)They were the shantytowns built by homeless Americans.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Shirley Temple symbolized the fact that Hollywood was accurately portraying the real woes that most Americans faced in the 1930s.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

During the Great Depression, unlike the United States, European nations witnessed an increase in industrial production.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression?

A)The United States' refusal to grant loans to Germany
B)The Louisiana hurricane, which resulted in massive destruction
C)The failure of the United States to repay the loan it had taken from France
D)The U.S. stock market crash in 1929
E)The rise in the price of agricultural goods

Question 5

Which of the following refers to a form of credit given in the 1900s that allowed a stock buyer to put down around 10 to 50 percent of a stock's price and borrow the rest of the money in order to make the full payment?

A)A payday loan
B)A syndicated loan
C)A call loan
D)A title loan
E)A leveraged loan

Question 6

Which of the following was one of the beliefs of President Hoover?

A)Providing loans to Germany to pay back the costs of the war would help the United States because U.S. banks could charge Germany high rates of interest.
B)The nation could be rescued from the depression through government-mandated programs.
C)Raising prices on foreign products would protect American products from competition.
D)The nation could be rescued from the depression by taking loans from Britain.
E)The nation could be rescued from the depression by starting a massive armaments campaign.

Question 7

Which of the following was a reason for the displeasure of the European countries over the signing of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?

A)It hurt their ability to earn money to pay back World War I debts.
B)It left the European immigrants in the United States unemployed.
C)It led to the Great Depression in the European continent.
D)It forced most prominent businesses in the European countries to borrow money from the U.S.
E)It forced the European nations to lower tariff on their own goods.

Question 8

By the 1950s, less than 5 percent of all American workers belonged to unions.

Question 9

What was the intent behind the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation by Herbert Hoover in 1932?

A)To protect American products from competition
B)To help reduce the trade tariffs levied by European nations
C)To fund the strengthening of the U.S. military
D)To curtail the high unemployment rate during the Great Depression
E)To compensate the victims affected by the war

Question 10

The Columbia Broadcasting system created the first nationwide radio network.

Question 11

The Consolidated Tenants League organized strikes against landlords who charged too much.

Question 12

The New Deal measures were designed to regulate the economy.

Question 13

Ernest was a stockbroker in the United States in the 1920s. He would buy stocks worth $5000 by investing $800 and taking a loan from a bank to make the rest of the payment. However, when his stock prices would plummet, he would repay the loan on demand by the bank. Which of the following types of loans does this scenario illustrate?

A)A syndicated loan
B)A call loan
C)A leveraged loan
D)A payday loan
E)A title loan

Question 14

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration offered farmers cash subsidies to plow up crops already planted.

Question 15

Which of the following was an indirect consequence of the Great Depression in the United States?

A)A decrease in interest rates for loans
B)An increase in production in factories
C)A decrease in the birthrate
D)An increase in the gross national product
E)A decrease in the employment rate

Question 16

When the U.S. stock market finally stabilized in 1932, stocks had:

A)stabilized at about 25 percent of their value.
B)lost almost 90 percent of their original value.
C)caused the total collapse of Wall Street.
D)become totally obsolete.
E)lost two-thirds of their original value.

Question 17

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provided special federal appropriations for schools and other forms of Indian self-government.

Question 18

Hoovervilles existed in virtually all of the nation's cities.

Question 19

Which of the following bills, passed in 1930, raised American tariffs on foreign agricultural and manufactured goods by as much as 50 percent?

A)The Hawley-Smoot Tariff
B)The McKinley Tariff
C)The Wilson-Gorman Tariff
D)The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
E)The Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Question 20

During the 1930s, President Hoover's beliefs accorded with those of the Republicans of the era.

Question 21

_____ were lines of people waiting to receive free food handed out by a charitable organization or public agency during the Great Depression in America.

A)Freegans
B)Breadlines
C)Tenements
D)Sodbusters
E)Free lines

Question 22

The nine African American boys accused of raping a white woman in Alabama in 1931 were called the _____.

A)Scottsboro Boys
B)Jena Six
C)Manson family
D)Doomsday cult
E)Children of God

Question 23

How did the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), created by Roosevelt, help the ruined economy of the United States?

A)It helped America fund its military expeditions.
B)It helped many private businesses survive the depression.
C)It helped eliminate racism from American society and improved the economic condition of African Americans.
D)It established policies to detect and prevent money laundering.
E)It created economic programs that directly employed the unemployed.

Question 24

As the "last hired, first fired" members of the U.S. workforce, how did African Americans attempt to survive the Great Depression?

A)Many African American communities obtained huge amounts of loan from cooperative banks.
B)Many African American communities turned to self-help as the best way to survive.
C)Many African American communities migrated to the South in the hope of finding jobs.
D)Many African American communities established businesses in black neighborhoods that priced goods far below what white businesses were charging.
E)Many African American communities moved back to Africa.

Question 25

The Bonus Army consisted of _____.

A)communists
B)civilians fighting against racism
C)leading intellectuals of the literary world
D)veterans of the First World War
E)young men who opposed draft

Question 26

One of the primary goals of the Tennessee Valley Authority was to:

A)provide federal aid to the banks in Tennessee.
B)provide loans to farmers in Tennessee to purchase expensive farm equipment.
C)move rural families in Tennessee into better homes.
D)convince farmers in Tennessee to form cooperatives similar to the Grange.
E)improve river navigation in Tennessee.

Question 27

Which of the following was a piece of New Deal legislation that instituted programs to regulate businesses, establish labor rights, and improve working conditions?

A)The Emergency Farm Mortgage Act
B)The Agricultural Adjustment Act
C)The Emergency Banking Relief Act
D)The National Industrial Recovery Act
E)The Glass-Steagall Banking Act

Question 28

Which of the following is a true statement about the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933?

A)It established federal control over banks.
B)It helped America fund its military expedition in Vietnam.
C)It provided quick loans to startup businesses.
D)It restricted commercial bank securities activities.
E)It led to the establishment of the Brain Trust.

Question 29

The Communist Party intended to use its strength during the depression to:

A)form an alliance with the countries of the Middle East.
B)force the Mexican Americans to return to their native country.
C)pay war reparations to the affected European countries.
D)highlight racist dimensions of American society.
E)establish private businesses to survive the depression.

Question 30

Which of the following was a group of leading intellectuals charged with formulating policy with Roosevelt?

A)The Kitchen Cabinet
B)The Black Cabinet
C)The Think Tank
D)The Brain Trust
E)The Ginger Group

Question 31

Which of the following was a reason for the enactment of the New Deal in the 1930s?

A)To eliminate racism from American society
B)To deport illegal immigrants from America
C)To regulate the economy of the United States
D)To support Germany in repaying its debts to the Soviet Union
E)To establish private businesses to survive the depression

Question 32

The Second New Deal primarily focused on:

A)reestablishing business as the cornerstone of the American economy.
B)reducing taxes for all Americans to increase consumer spending.
C)helping the growth of small-scale industries.
D)establishing new systems for addressing workers' grievances.
E)eradicating racism from the United States.

Question 33

Under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, farmers:

A)opened more acreage to production and grew more food crops.
B)received cash subsidies to stop growing crops.
C)supplied food for those working in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
D)were provided loans to purchase expensive farm equipment.
E)were trained to operate their farms more efficiently.

Question 34

The Twenty-first Amendment, enacted in December 1933:

A)repealed the Prohibition.
B)gave women the right to vote.
C)revised the presidential election procedure.
D)outlawed discrimination in federal hiring.
E)protected the right to keep and bear arms.

Question 35

Which of the following was an impact of popular culture in the United States in the 1930s, during the Great Depression?

A)It helped push American politics leftward.
B)It manipulated the news to voice the government's views.
C)Movie production was dramatically cut down, which worsened the nation's economy.
D)It eradicated the Communist Party in the United States.
E)Most movies had themes of realism, which seemed derisive to Americans.

Question 36

The Glass-Steagall Act created the:

A)Civilian Conservation Corps.
B)Securities and Exchange Commission.
C)Open Market Committee.
D)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
E)Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

Question 37

Which of the following was a reason for the forced repatriation of Mexican Americans in the 1920s and 1930s?

A)To preserve American culture
B)To prevent illegal immigration
C)To reserve jobs for white Americans
D)To curb massive population growth
E)To mitigate communal conflicts

Question 38

Which of the following genres of movies was most popular during the 1930s?

A)Musicals
B)Horror
C)Science fiction
D)Historical
E)Animation

Question 39

Ian was a member of the Communist Party in the 1930s. Along with his party, he led hunger marches and other forms of organized protests. Which of the following was most likely to have been Ian's party's goals?

A)To overcome economic aristocracy by helping the workers own and manage the industries
B)To spread the means of production widely instead of letting the state have the control
C)To eliminate all private property and make the state responsible for the good of the people
D)To organize the society into several groups with common interests
E)To increase the taxes paid by the people of U.S.

Question 40

Critics of the New Deal included all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Republicans who argued that downturns were inevitable and the market forces should be allowed to take their own course.
B)extremists like Charles Coughlin who accused Roosevelt of being in league with communists and Jewish bankers.
C)voices on the Left who saw it as a timid set of reforms that merely reinforced the American status quo.
D)conservative Democrats who thought the government should play a greater role in assisting businesses and stimulating the economy.
E)the Supreme Court, which declared the National Industrial Recovery Act invalid because of the broad powers it gave the federal government.

Question 41

The _________ program aimed to turn over idle factories and farms to workers' cooperatives.
a. End Poverty in California
B. Works Progress Administration
C. Aid to Families with Dependent Children
D. Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 42

_________ of the National Industrial Recovery Act guaranteed the right of labor unions to organize.
a. Section 7a
B. Section 9c
C. Section 3b
D. Section 5a

Question 43

In a _____, workers stop working and lock themselves in the factory so that strikebreakers cannot take their places.

A)walkout
B)lockout
C)slow-down strike
D)sick-out strike
E)sit-down strike

Question 44

Summarize the three factors that caused the Great Depression.

Question 45

The _________ created the first nationwide radio network.
a. National Broadcasting Company
B. Columbia Broadcasting System
C. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
D. Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation

Question 46

What steps did the Congress take to incorporate Indians into American society in 1924?

A)It guaranteed employment to all Indians.
B)It granted American citizenship to all Indians.
C)It granted houses to the Indians who had lived in the U.S. for five years.
D)It exempted all Indians from business taxes.
E)It provided Indians with the required finances to establish new businesses.

Question 47

Discuss the repatriation of Mexicans in the 1920s.

Question 48

Which of the following trade unions recruited unskilled men and women on a large scale, particularly in the mining and clothing industries in 1935?

A)The International Longshore and Warehouse Union
B)The Industrial Workers of the World
C)The Communications Workers of America
D)The Congress of Industrial Organizations
E)The Service Employees International Union

Question 49

Describe the challenges faced by African Americans during the 1920s.

Question 50

_________ discouraged black consumers from purchasing products at white-owned stores.
a. The Harlem Boycott
B. The Rite Aid Boycott
C. Bacon's Rebellion
D. The Homestead Strike

Question 51

Describe the problem of hunger faced by the United States in the 1930s.

Question 52

Which of the following was a consequence of the strike by workers in front of the Republic Steel plant in Chicago in 1937?

A)Rise in unionization
B)Increase in wages
C)Mass dismissal of workers
D)Decrease in production
E)Establishment of open shops

Question 53

How did New Deal policies address the concerns of women affected by the Great Depression?

A)They provided support for women primarily in their domestic roles.
B)They provided heavy manual labor jobs for women.
C)They granted women the right to vote.
D)They granted subsidies to women who wanted to establish their own businesses.
E)They provided reservations for women in the public assembly.

Question 54

Which of the following is a belief that governments should engage in deficit spending in order to stimulate a depressed economy?

A)Eudemonism
B)Plebeianism
C)Heathenism
D)Hylozoism
E)Keynesianism

Question 55

The _________ encouraged companies and workers to meet and agree on prices and wages, and it established a public relations campaign to mobilize support of the New Deal.
a. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
B. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
C. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
D. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Question 56

Why were the key benefits of the New Deal denied to America's black population in the 1930s?

A)African Americans demanded higher wages than other groups.
B)African Americans were supporters of the communist nations.
C)The Roosevelt administration aggressively tried to preserve jobs for native whites.
D)The Roosevelt administration often gave in to segregationist demands.
E)The Roosevelt administration often gave in to isolationist demands.

Question 57

Explain how the Hawley-Smoot Tariff affected U.S. foreign relations.

Question 58

Workers of the _____ built roads, dams, schools, subways, housing projects, and other federal projects.

A)Tennessee Valley Authority
B)Works Progress Administration
C)Federal Emergency Relief Administration
D)National Recovery Administration
E)Agricultural Adjustment Act

Question 59

The Social Security Act (1935)was intended to:

A)provide a "safety net" for citizens who could not financially support themselves.
B)set up a national health insurance program to provide medical assistance to those in need.
C)set up a system for collecting public contributions to relief funds.
D)protect businesses from bankruptcy.
E)strengthen the legal position of trade unions.

Question 60

Which of the following was a provision of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?

A)It authorized the acquisition of land for reservations.
B)It allocated funds to move Indian tribes onto reservations.
C)It mandated the repatriation of Indians.
D)It allowed Indians to sell unoccupied lands that they claimed to be their own.
E)It authorized removal of Indians to federal territory west of the Mississippi River.

Question 61

Explain the impact of popular culture on American politics in the 1930s.

Question 62

How did Roosevelt co-opt the ideas of some of his leftist critics through the Second New Deal?

Question 63

Explain how women were affected by the New Deal.

Question 64

What were the points made by conservative Democratic critics of the New Deal?

Question 65

Explain the effects of the New Deal on the culture of the United States.

Question 66

How did the Bonus Army lead to Hoover's downfall?

Question 67

Describe the "relief, recovery, and reform" offered by Roosevelt during his presidency.

Question 68

Explain how movies offered dreamy escapism to Americans affected by the Great Depression.

Question 69

Explain how the New Deal altered American politics in the 1930s.

Question 70

Explain how the New Deal initiated a war on crime.