Deck 24: Cold War America

Question 1

Which of the following artificial satellites was the United States' response to Russia's Sputnik I ?

A)Vanguard 1
B)Apollo I
C)Explorer I
D)Alouette I
E)Pioneer I

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Intended as an extension of the New Deal, Truman's Fair Deal included all of the following EXCEPT:

A)federal support for education.
B)federal aid for single mothers.
C)federal assistance for building homes.
D)increases to the minimum wage.
E)attempts to reach full employment.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why was Truman accused of "losing" China?

A)China sided with North Korea instead of the U.S.
B)China refused to join the United Nations.
C)China entered a secret pact with the Soviet Union.
D)China declared the Open Door Policy null and void, closing the door to vast exports of U.S. products.
E)China, an ally during World War II, had fallen to communism despite U.S. efforts to prevent it.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The Marshall Plan sent $13 billion to governments:

A)that helped the U.S. when faced with armed aggression from foes.
B)that supported the democratic centralism of the U.S.
C)that promised to help propagate communism.
D)that promised to become or remain democracies.
E)that supported the colonial development of the U.S.

Question 5

America's response to communist expansion in the twentieth century came to be called _____, which declared that the United States would not allow communism to advance any further than it already had.

A)impeachment
B)rearmament
C)abetment
D)dislodgment
E)containment

Question 6

Which of the following prompted the National Security Council to adopt NSC-68 as official U.S. policy in 1950?

A)The nullification of the Open Door Policy by China
B)The secret pact between China and the Soviet Union
C)The "long telegram" written by George Kennan from the Soviet Union
D)The accelerating growth of communism in China
E)The invasion of South Korea by communist North Korea

Question 7

Which of the following was a reason for the emergence of the United States as the world's wealthiest nation in the twentieth century?

A)Its commitment to industrialized capitalism
B)Its commitment to anarchism
C)Its commitment to democratic centralism
D)Its abstinence from imperialism
E)Its abstinence from capitalism

Question 8

The post-World War II ideological, economic, and military contest between the United States and the Soviet Union is known as the _____.

A)Cold War
B)Third World War
C)Rum Rebellion
D)Neapolitan War
E)Black War

Question 9

The primary goal of the United States in propagating the Truman Doctrine was to:

A)offer aid to nations that might be susceptible to communist infiltration.
B)offer aid to nations suffering armed aggression from other nations.
C)refuse to interfere in the internal conflicts of European nations.
D)pursue national security interests with widespread public support.
E)pursue world peace through partnership with allies.

Question 10

Which of the following was an evident consequence of the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union?

A)The mutually assured destruction of both sides should war break out between them
B)A U.S. victory over the Soviet Union should war break out between them
C)A Soviet victory over the United States should war break out between them
D)An alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States
E)The intervention of China to broker a peace deal should war break out between the United States and the Soviet Union

Question 11

Stalin initiated the blockade of the city of West Berlin in order to:

A)keep West Berliners from visiting the Soviet portion of the city.
B)keep people in the Soviet section from fleeing the country.
C)force the West Berliners to accept the authority of the Soviet Union.
D)keep Western influence and West German currency out of the Soviet zone.
E)force the Americans to give him control of all of Germany.

Question 12

Which of the following was the goal of the Polar Bear Expedition of 1918?

A)To facilitate extensive colonial development in the Middle East
B)To enable the development and use of the atomic bomb
C)To aid anti-communist forces during the Russian Revolution
D)To test the atomic bomb in Antarctica
E)To forcefully repatriate Mexican Americans

Question 13

Which of the following is an international organization, created in 1945, that fosters discussions among the world's nations and monitors the well-being of almost all individuals in the world?

A)The Conference of Ambassadors
B)The United Nations
C)The World Trade Organization
D)The Development Assistance Committee
E)The League against Imperialism

Question 14

Which of the following cemented an alliance of Western nations by declaring a provision of unified self-defense?

A)The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B)The Marshall Plan
C)The Department of Defense
D)The National Security Council
E)The Organization of American States

Question 15

How did Truman manage to break the blockade that was initiated by Stalin in West Berlin?

A)He ordered an airstrike on the blockade.
B)He threatened to use nuclear force against the Soviet Union.
C)He publicly upbraided Stalin for his mistreatment of the East Berliners.
D)He appealed to the U.N. for help in resolving the crisis.
E)He authorized an airlift of food and supplies to Berlin for eleven months.

Question 16

According to the proponents of the Domino Theory, which of the following would be the most likely consequence of the inability of the United States to prevent the "dominoes" (meaning unstable nations)from falling to the communists?

A)It would give the Allied powers superiority over the Axis powers.
B)It would trigger a third world war between the communist and noncommunist nations.
C)It would begin a process of communist world domination.
D)It would adversely affect relations between the Soviet Union and China.
E)It would restrict Western colonial development in the communist nations.

Question 17

Historians refer to the period from 1945 to 1960 as the _____.

A)Age of Enlightenment
B)Space Age
C)Gilded Age
D)Jazz Age
E)Age of Affluence

Question 18

Which of the following was a reason for Truman's submission of the Fair Deal in 1945?

A)Truman's desire to make an alliance with Russia
B)Stalin's desire to establish a Soviet puppet government in the United States
C)Truman's fear of the rise of communism
D)Truman's fear of projected job shortages
E)Stalin's fear of mutually assured destruction should the United States start a war

Question 19

Which of the following was a side effect of America's threats of massive retaliation after the Chinese Communists in mainland China threatened the Chinese Nationalists on Taiwan in 1954 and 1958?

A)It prompted China to support France in its fight against a revolutionary insurrection.
B)It prompted the Chinese government to resign from the United Nations.
C)It led to the spread of communism in various regions of the United States.
D)It led to the creation of a puppet government in China that opposed democracy.
E)It prompted the Chinese to seek Soviet aid in developing their own nuclear arsenal.

Question 20

Which of the following was one of the predictions of Karl Marx?

A)Money, along with all other goods and services, would be provided by the private sector in an open market.
B)Industrial mutation would revolutionize the economic structure, thus benefiting the rich.
C)Rational self-interest and competition among businesses would lead to economic prosperity.
D)Workers would revolt and take power from the wealthy, thus taking down the capitalist countries.
E)The population of the world would invariably increase when the means of subsistence is increased.

Question 21

Which of the following statements correctly specifies the percentage of American families who owned television sets in the 1950s?

A)Ninety percent of American families owned at least one television set by the end of the 1950s.
B)Ten percent of American families owned at least one television set by the end of the 1950s.
C)Forty percent of American families owned at least one television set by the end of the 1950s.
D)Less than one percent of American families owned at least one television set by the end of the 1950s.
E)None of the American families owned a television set as it was not invented in the 1950s.

Question 22

Which of the following was NOT true of Dwight D. Eisenhower?

A)He openly opposed big businesses.
B)He opposed the New Deal and the Fair Deal.
C)He employed national defense as a pretext to fund the giant interstate project that built most of the nation's highways.
D)He served as president during a period of economic affluence.
E)He sounded the alarm against the "military-industrial complex" that jeopardized American democracy.

Question 23

The Federal Loyalty-Security Program:

A)was designed to avert insubordination in the military.
B)was designed to abolish anarcho-capitalist influences in the U.S. federal government.
C)investigated the background of all federal employees and barred hiring anyone who was deemed a security risk.
D)investigated the background of all members of the U.S. legislative assembly and suspended anyone who supported capitalism.
E)was designed to eliminate anyone in the U.S. government who was suspected of supporting liberalism.

Question 24

Which of the following was true of the Hollywood Ten?

A)The members of the Hollywood Ten were allowed protection under the First Amendment.
B)The members of the Hollywood Ten were each fined and sentenced to a year in jail.
C)The members of the Hollywood Ten were accused of espionage against the U.S. government.
D)The members of the Hollywood Ten were accused of presenting the United States in a negative light in their movie.
E)The members of the Hollywood Ten were allowed to continue working in Hollywood after their acquittal.

Question 25

Which of the following did the report To Secure These Rights recommend?

A)The elimination of segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origin, from American life
B)The elimination of communism from the United States federal government
C)The elimination of corruption from the United States federal government
D)Equal wages for equal work for women and members of minority communities in the United States
E)Equal job opportunities for African Americans in the public sector

Question 26

Which of the following was one of the results of the rapid growth of suburbs and the conformity that seemed to set in there in the 1950s?

A)A decrease in racial segregation
B)A postwar religious revival
C)An increase in experimental gender roles
D)A massive hiring of women workers
E)A decrease in gender segregation

Question 27

In 1954, the case Brown v. Board of Education overturned nearly sixty years of legal segregation that began with the _____ case.

A)Plessy v. Ferguson
B)Loving v. Virginia
C)California v. Bakke
D)Scott v. Sandford
E)Shelley v. Kraemer

Question 28

Which of the following was the main reason for the "Dixiecrats" to go against Truman in 1948?

A)He put a civil rights plank in the 1948 party platform.
B)He was against communism.
C)He disrupted the Democratic hold on the South.
D)He supported segregation in the armed forces.
E)He had extremely liberal views.

Question 29

Which of the following was the primary goal of the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)?

A)To end racial discrimination in federal jobs
B)To end gender discrimination in federal jobs
C)To improve the working conditions in federal offices
D)To eliminate embezzlement in federal offices
E)To eliminate communism in federal offices

Question 30

Which of the following was one of Nixon's assertions during the Kitchen Debate?

A)American women were fueling the economy by spending, rather than by marching off to industrial jobs as Soviet women did.
B)The rise of communism in the United States was due to the presence of communist infiltrators in the federal government.
C)Americans were spending more due to higher wages, veterans' benefits, and the release of pent-up demand after the war.
D)The United States was obligated to prevent the "dominoes" from falling to the communists for fear that they would tip off the next dominoes and begin a process of communist world domination.
E)The United States could not afford another land war against the Soviet Union and its allies.

Question 31

Which of the following was the party formed by "Dixiecrats" who opposed Truman's support for civil rights?

A)The States' Rights Democratic Party
B)The Vermont Progressive Party
C)The Citizens Party of the United States
D)The Socialist Labor Party of America
E)The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Question 32

Which of the following were the committees organized in the 1950s and 1960s to defend segregation in the South?

A)North Atlantic Treaty Organizations
B)Congress of Racial Equality blocks
C)National Security Services
D)National Security Councils
E)White Citizens' Councils

Question 33

The 1959 discussion between Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and Vice President Richard Nixon, in which they debated the relative merits of capitalism and communism, was known as the _____.

A)Checkers speech
B)Kitchen Debate
C)Melting Pot
D)Great Debate
E)Scopes Trial

Question 34

Which of the following statements correctly specifies the percentage of Americans who owned cars in the 1950s?

A)Eighty percent of Americans owned at least one car by the end of the 1950s.
B)Ten percent of Americans owned at least one car by the end of the 1950s.
C)Fifty percent of Americans owned at least one car by the end of the 1950s.
D)Less than one percent of Americans owned at least one car by the end of the 1950s.
E)No Americans owned cars as the automobile had not yet been invented in the 1950s.

Question 35

The _____ authorized $25 billion to build 41,000 miles of roads, greatly assisting the burgeoning car culture of the 1950s.

A)National Mass Transportation Assistance Act
B)Department of Defense Appropriations Act
C)Department of Defense Reorganization Act
D)National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
E)Transportation Assistance Act

Question 36

Which of the following 1947 laws banned the closed shop and authorized the president to delay strikes by declaring a "cooling-off" period?

A)The Goldwater-Nichols Act
B)The Davis-Bacon Act
C)The Kennedy-Hawkins Act
D)The Payne-Aldrich Act
E)The Taft-Hartley Act

Question 37

_____ was the first president to address the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)at its national convention.

A)Herbert Hoover
B)Harry Truman
C)William McKinley
D)Richard Nixon
E)Theodore Roosevelt

Question 38

The Shelley v. Kraemer case outlawed _____.

A)the enforcement of legal clauses forbidding the sale of homes to racial minorities
B)the enforcement of a Jim Crow law that called for racial segregation in restaurants
C)the enforcement of state-sanctioned segregation of public schools
D)the enforcement of legal clauses forbidding excessive rents levied on houses in a given neighborhood
E)the enforcement of the ban on interracial marriages

Question 39

Which of the following was the primary goal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which was formed in 1957?

A)To challenge the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
B)To root out communism from the United States
C)To unite Christians across the globe
D)To spread the Christian gospel all around the world
E)To challenge Jim Crow laws in a direct way

Question 40

Which of the following statements was true of Jackie Robinson's attitude toward racism in 1947?

A)He resigned from his baseball career after he faced racism.
B)He refused to play in stadiums that demonstrated racism.
C)He staged nonviolent protests against racism.
D)He vowed to destroy racism in the United States.
E)He vowed not to retaliate against racist taunts.

Question 41

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed by the allies of the Soviet Union to counter the growing power of the United States.

Question 42

In accordance with the Taft-Hartley Act, jobs could be exclusively limited to union members only.

Question 43

Explain how Nixon, Hoover, and McCarthy were involved in the Second Red Scare.

Question 44

Describe the two issues that pushed the United States and the Soviet Union into the Cold War.

Question 45

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference followed a philosophy of peaceful integration and nonviolence.

Question 46

How did the race for space contribute to the Cold War between the two superpowers?

Question 47

The members of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)believed that the Hollywood movie industry was teeming with communists.

Question 48

Stalin allowed Soviet-occupied countries to accept American funding that was a part of the Marshall Plan.

Question 49

To implement the Truman Doctrine, the U.S. made an offer to support Greece and Turkey with money and arms if they would forego Russian assistance.

Question 50

Soon after World War II, China fell into civil war between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists.

Question 51

In the mid-1950s, the United States relied more on open warfare than on covert operations or formal alliances.

Question 52

Discuss the intervention of the United Nations in the Korean War.

Question 53

Explain how Hollywood was involved in the anticommunist purge prevalent in the United States in 1947.

Question 54

Explain the rationale behind the loyalty oaths signed by state and city government employees during the period between 1947 and 1965.

Question 55

By the time of the West Berlin blockade, both the United States and the Soviet Union had developed the atomic bomb.

Question 56

Explain how Truman was successful in resolving the Berlin Crisis.

Question 57

The Supreme Court granted the Hollywood Ten protection under the First Amendment.

Question 58

Describe how the television and the automobile transformed American life in the 1950s.

Question 59

Explain why Truman was accused of "losing China" to communism.

Question 60

Explain how NSC-68 portrayed the Soviet Union.

Question 61

Describe how the Emmett Till murder trial demonstrated a need for activism to bring about change.

Question 62

The words _________ were added to the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance during the religious revival of the 1950s.
A. "The Republic"
B. "One Nation"
C. "In God We Trust"
D. "Under God"

Question 63

In the _________ case, the Supreme Court ruled that separate educational facilities for black and white people were "inherently unequal."
A. Brown v. Board of Education
B. California v. Bakke
C. Scott v. Sandford
D. United States v. Wong Kim Ark

Question 64

_________ was a classified paper written by American diplomats that portrayed an uncontrollably aggressive Soviet Union and recommended combating the threat through a massive military buildup, the creation of hydrogen bombs, and the rooting out of all communists on American soil.
A. NSC-68
B. NSC-162/2
C. Majestic 12
D. Cox Report

Question 65

Explain how Jackie Robinson triggered desegregation in sports during the 1940s.

Question 66

The aggressive Red Scare tactics used to root out communism from the United States in the 1940s and 1950s became known as _________.
A. Calvinism
B. Lutheranism
C. McCarthyism
D. Palamism

Question 67

Explain the desegregation in the military during Truman's tenure.

Question 68

On June 23, 1948, the Americans, British, and French announced the extension of the West German currency, the _________, into West Berlin.
A. Hamburgmark
B. Reichsmark
C. Deutschmark
D. Saarmark

Question 69

Describe the impact of the Montgomery Bus Boycott on the mobilization of the black community.

Question 70

Discuss the legal challenges to segregation in the 1940s and 1950s.