Deck 25: The Sixties

Question 1

Why was Cuba a main concern of U.S. foreign policy during the Sixties?

A)Many Americans had invested in Cuba.
B)Cuba had allied itself with Germany.
C)Cuba was against communism.
D)Cuba had nuclear power.
E)The American government wanted to annex Cuba.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Lyndon Baines Johnson preceded John F. Kennedy as president.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In 1970, construction workers (known as "hardhats")violently attacked antiwar demonstrators in New York City.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

On August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer Maddox was destroyed by North Vietnamese patrol boats.

Question 5

The communist response to the United States' promotion of wealth for its allies included:

A)fueling a civil war in the United States.
B)bombing the major economic capitals of the United States.
C)constructing the Berlin Wall.
D)cutting off trade with the Allied Nations.
E)supplying nuclear weapons to Cuba.

Question 6

What was Kennedy's primary reason for promoting nation building?

A)He wanted the United States to be recognized as a superpower.
B)He wanted the developing nations to be indebted to the United States.
C)He wanted to prevent developing nations from adopting communism.
D)He wanted to spread Catholicism around the globe.
E)He wanted to promote the use of a single currency by all developing nations.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true about John F. Kennedy EXCEPT:

A)he belonged to a prosperous Boston Irish family.
B)he was a World War II hero.
C)he was a middle-of-the-road congressman and senator.
D)he was the most successful Protestant president.
E)he was an avid Cold Warrior.

Question 8

The Vietnamese fought the _____ in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

A)Americans
B)French
C)Soviets
D)Cubans
E)Germans

Question 9

Which of the following Constitutional amendments forbids a presidential candidate from running for more than two consecutive terms?

A)The Nineteenth Amendment
B)The Eighteenth Amendment
C)The Twenty-fourth Amendment
D)The Twenty-fifth Amendment
E)The Twenty-second Amendment

Question 10

Kennedy's Alliance of Progress program provided $25 billion in aid to countries in _____.

A)Africa
B)Latin America
C)Asia
D)the Middle East
E)Europe

Question 11

Malcolm X, like Martin Luther King, Jr., was a supporter of nonviolence.

Question 12

The media were supportive of the Vietnam War even when many politicians condemned it.

Question 13

On March 31, 1968, President Johnson addressed the nation with a call for peace negotiations.

Question 14

In October 1967, the Black Power movement led a march of more than 100,000 people from the Mall in Washington, D.C., to the Pentagon to end the Vietnam War.

Question 15

To prevent the Viet Cong from becoming too powerful in the south, Kennedy:

A)created political unrest in the country.
B)tried to influence Ho Chi Minh by promising financial aid.
C)increased the U.S. military presence in South Vietnam.
D)encouraged France to declare war against Vietnam.
E)cut off food and weapons supplies to South Vietnam.

Question 16

Robert Weaver was the first African American member of any presidential cabinet.

Question 17

In the first-ever televised presidential debate, Kennedy debated _____.

A)Richard Nixon
B)Dwight Eisenhower
C)Jimmy Carter
D)Lyndon Johnson
E)Ronald Reagan

Question 18

Fidel Castro took power in 1959 and established a communist regime.

Question 19

John F. Kennedy's greatest humiliation as president was:

A)his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
B)his decision to send American ground troops to Vietnam.
C)the promotion of nation building to curb communism.
D)his handling of the civil rights protests by African Americans.
E)the Bay of Pigs invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro.

Question 20

The Vietnamese defeated the French in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

Question 21

One of the outcomes of the Tet Offensive was that:

A)American soldiers began to doubt, for the first time, that they could tell friend from foe well enough to be able to win the war.
B)American troops reconquered all of the territories seized by the Viet Cong within a few weeks, showing the true measure of U.S. military strength.
C)it illustrated that the Americans and the South Vietnamese had learned to work together effectively.
D)many Americans, including prominent politicians, began to publicly state that America could not win the war in Vietnam.
E)the Viet Cong won a great propaganda victory by taking about two dozen American soldiers captive.

Question 22

Which of the following methods did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)use to test segregation in the South?

A)Organizing Freedom Rides into the South
B)Having its members seek admission to colleges in the South
C)Organizing marches for black suffrage in Alabama
D)Holding church services in Alabama
E)Having its members register to vote in elections

Question 23

Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965?

A)A large number of African American students started filling up colleges.
B)Problems like public housing and racial segregation worsened.
C)There was a dramatic rise in the number of Asian and Latin American immigrants.
D)Thousands of African Americans migrated from the North to the South.
E)There was a deficit in the national budget that affected the funding of the war in Vietnam.

Question 24

Which of the following gave Johnson a "blank check" to increase U.S. support for South Vietnam?

A)The search-and-destroy operations
B)The Tet Offensive
C)The Hart-Cellar Act
D)War Powers Resolution
E)The Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Question 25

Why did President Johnson decide to pursue the Vietnam War?

A)He concluded that the need to fight communism outweighed the risks involved.
B)He wanted to annex Vietnam and establish a military base in Asia.
C)He wanted to establish the United States as a world power.
D)He was sure of his victory in South Vietnam.
E)He wanted to demonstrate the strength of U.S. naval forces.

Question 26

In 1964, _____ and a collection of civil rights workers founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP).

A)Malcolm X
B)Viola Liuzzo
C)John Lewis
D)Fannie Lou Hamer
E)Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 27

While Johnson pursued war strategies to crush the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces, he was careful NOT to:

A)cause any civilian casualties.
B)aggravate China and the Soviet Union.
C)spend much of the national fund on the war.
D)cause any war-related damage in neighboring countries like Laos.
E)deploy too many soldiers in Vietnam.

Question 28

The _____ to the United States Constitution outlawed the use of the poll tax in federal elections.

A)Twenty-first Amendment
B)Nineteenth Amendment
C)Twenty-fourth Amendment
D)Seventeenth Amendment
E)Twenty-fifth Amendment

Question 29

Which of the following historic events took place on November 22, 1963?

A)Viols Luizzo, from Detroit, was murdered by Klansmen.
B)President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.
C)Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous speech.
D)President Johnson introduced Medicare and Medicaid.
E)The U.S. destroyer Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese patrol boats.

Question 30

Thurgood Marshall was:

A)the author of the eye-opening book The Other America .
B)the first African American Supreme Court justice.
C)the first appointed head of Housing and Urban development.
D)America's first "education Czar."
E)a fiery Black Nationalist.

Question 31

_____ was referred to as "the most segregated city in America."

A)Birmingham, Alabama
B)Montgomery, Alabama
C)Little Rock, Arkansas
D)Laurel, Mississippi
E)Atlanta, Georgia

Question 32

Which of the following was the main attraction of the 1963 March on Washington?

A)John Lewis' militant speech demanding an immediate end to civil rights violations
B)Felicitation of the Freedom Summer volunteers for their work in the South
C)The establishment of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
D)The signing of the Civil Rights Act
E)Martin Luther King, Jr.'s deliverance of the "I have a dream" speech

Question 33

Head Start was:

A)a work-training program for unemployed youth.
B)the first naval attack by Americans on South Vietnamese naval forces.
C)the first step toward providing medical aid for all citizens.
D)a war strategy aimed at preventing nations from adopting communism.
E)created as a child-development program for disadvantaged preschoolers.

Question 34

Which of the following was NOT true of the Vietnam War?

A)U.S. progress in the war was measured by enemy body count instead of territory gained.
B)The Ho Chi Minh Trail was the main target during the bombing of North Vietnam.
C)During the war, the United States dropped more bombs on Laos than on Vietnam.
D)There were traditional front lines, and many U.S. soldiers met their enemy face-to-face.
E)There were many critics who found the war strategies pointless.

Question 35

The main goal of those who participated in the Freedom Summer was to:

A)register black people to vote in the South.
B)pay the poll taxes for black people so that they could afford to vote.
C)call attention to the deplorable conditions in the segregated South.
D)convince Kennedy to propose new civil rights laws.
E)drum up support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 36

In the 1960s, civil rights protests increased in intensity, beginning with a sit-in started by four black college freshmen who demanded:

A)the right to attend universities.
B)to be served a cup of coffee.
C)the right to vote.
D)transport into white-dominated towns.
E)the right to government jobs.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

A)It soon moved from nonviolence to aggressive means of protests.
B)James Meredith was the chairman of SNCC.
C)Its members faced economic retaliation like having their loans called in.
D)It put forward a vision of a racially integrated America.
E)Its members primarily pushed for communism.

Question 38

Which of the following presidents envisioned America as a "Great Society"?

A)Richard Nixon
B)Dwight Eisenhower
C)John F. Kennedy
D)Lyndon Johnson
E)Ronald Reagan

Question 39

Domestic criticism and the excessive costs of the war led President Johnson to:

A)withdraw from the 1968 presidential campaign.
B)withdraw troops from Vietnam and end the war.
C)ask China and the Soviet Union for assistance.
D)consider using a nuclear bomb to end the war.
E)get Ho Chi Minh assassinated in an attempt to make the Viet Cong surrender.

Question 40

The _____ outlawed attempts to deny suffrage to African Americans through literacy tests, poll taxes, or any other attempt to disfranchise citizens.

A)Twenty-fourth Amendment
B)Interstate Commerce Commission
C)Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)Twenty-fifth Amendment
E)Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 41

What comprised the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Question 42

List the successes of the civil rights movement.

Question 43

Which of the following was NOT associated with the New Left?

A)The Port Huron Statement
B)"Participatory democracy"
C)Students for a Democratic Society
D)Ideology of social justice
E)The Watts riot

Question 44

The _________ was a plan designed to overthrow Fidel Castro.
A. Bay of Pigs Invasion
B. Tet Offensive
C. nation-building initiative
D. Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Question 45

Which of the following was the most significant result of the "white backlash," or the resentment of white people toward the Black Power movement?

A)The arrest of Jack Weinberg
B)The Watts riot in Los Angeles
C)The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
D)A protest march of more than 100,000 people to the Pentagon
E)A violent attack by construction workers or hard hats

Question 46

Explain how John F. Kennedy came to be the first Catholic president in American history.

Question 47

The Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco:

A)had the largest community of hippies.
B)was the place where the anti-antiwar started.
C)is significant as the Chicano Movement started there.
D)was the place where Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated.
E)marked the birth of Black Power.

Question 48

Which of the following senators was against the war?

A)Richard Nixon
B)J. William Fulbright
C)Hubert Humphrey
D)George Wallace
E)Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 49

The revival of the women's movement in the 1960s is often identified with the publication of Betty Friedan's book _____.

A)The Problem with No Name
B)Equality NOW
C)Fear of Flying
D)From Mothers to Daughters
E)The Feminine Mystique

Question 50

_________ was a thirteen-day confrontation between the Kennedy administration and the Soviet Union in 1962.
A. The Bay of Pigs invasion
B. The Cuban Missile Crisis
C. March on Washington
D. The Gulf of Tonkin incident

Question 51

Which of the following organizations first demanded an independent black nation-state?

A)The Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)
B)The Weather Underground
C)The Black Panther Party
D)The Nation of Islam
E)Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Question 52

Marion Barry, a student activist from Fisk University in Nashville, was chosen as the chairman of _________.
A. the Congress of Racial Equality
B. Students for a Democratic Society
C. the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
D. the Black Panther Party

Question 53

Elaborate on the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 54

The invasion of _________ reinvigorated antiwar protests, which erupted on a massive scale in 1970.
A. Thailand
B. China
C. Laos
D. Cambodia

Question 55

The Pentagon Papers:

A)showed that Nixon had no idea how to handle the war in Vietnam.
B)proved that Nixon lied when he promised during the 1972 presidential campaign that he would get America out of Vietnam.
C)showed that the government had lied to the American public about major events of the Vietnam War to manipulate public opinion.
D)proved that massive numbers of civilians were murdered or abused by U.S. soldiers.
E)uncovered illegal campaign activities by Nixon and his staff.

Question 56

The Black Power movement:

A)was initiated by Martin Luther King, Jr.
B)was initiated by the New Left.
C)bridged the gap between Black Nationalism and the civil rights struggle.
D)rejected the integrationist perspective of mainstream civil rights protesters.
E)led a march of more than 100,000 people to protest against the Vietnam War.

Question 57

All of the following statements are true about the Black Panther Party EXCEPT:

A)It was founded in Oakland, California, in 1966.
B)It demanded that black Americans patronize only black-owned stores.
C)Its members provided free breakfast to thousands of poor children.
D)Its members believed that providing goods and services to downtrodden black people was crucial.
E)Its members patrolled the streets in armed groups to end police brutality.

Question 58

The Chicano Movement led by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta:

A)led to several boycotts against grape growers, but none were successful.
B)pushed for citizenship for undocumented immigrants who had worked in California for years.
C)drew national attention when it called for a national boycott of grapes.
D)took hold during the 1950s but had no real successes until the 1960s.
E)was an attempt to improve the living standards of the black people working in factories.

Question 59

President Johnson was succeeded by _________.
A. Richard Nixon
B. Robert Kennedy
C. George Wallace
D. Hubert Humphrey

Question 60

What was the result of the Freedom Rides organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

Question 61

What were the demands and beliefs of the Nation of Islam?

Question 62

What major reforms did the Free Speech Movement seek?

Question 63

What predicaments did American foot soldiers face during the Vietnam War?

Question 64

What changes did Nixon bring about in the Vietnam War?

Question 65

What was Project C, and what did it stand for?

Question 66

How did the Tet Offensive spell doom for Johnson?

Question 67

Describe President Johnson's vision of a Great Society.

Question 68

Describe Kennedy's approach to the Cold War.

Question 69

Describe the nature of the antiwar protests in America.

Question 70

What led to the passing of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?