Deck 2: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?

A)31
B)22
C)12
D)six

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Nervous system activities and structures are associated with which of the following?

A)actions and motives
B)sensations and feelings
C)thoughts and memories
D)all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Two-time Super Bowl winner Dave Duerson died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the stomach in February 2011. He shot himself in the stomach because he wanted to leave his brain to science. He blamed his post-football troubles, including memory loss, troubles spelling words, depression, and moodiness, on the repeated concussions he suffered while on the playing field. An autopsy of his brain did reveal the same signs of chronic traumatic brain injury that have been found in dozens of other retired NFL players, as well as in athletes from many other violent sports, such as hockey and boxing. The boxers' name for this condition is

A)knockout.
B)punch-drunk.
C)counterpunch.
D)the bum's rush.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The central nervous system is composed of the

A)brain and spinal cord.
B)sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
C)autonomic and somatic systems.
D)brain and somatic system.

Question 5

An artery carrying blood to Derrick's brain has become blocked and caused some brain tissue to die. Derrick has suffered

A)edema.
B)an epileptic seizure.
C)a stroke.
D)virilism.

Question 6

Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the __________ nervous system.

A)central
B)peripheral
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 7

Large bundles of many axons, which are visible to the unaided eye, are called

A)neurons.
B)neurilemmas.
C)nerves.
D)neurotransmitters.

Question 8

The brain carries out most of the "computing" in the nervous system and communicates with the rest of the body through the large bundle of nerves called the

A)parietal branch.
B)spinal cord.
C)occipital cord.
D)temporal branch.

Question 9

How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?

A)31
B)22
C)12
D)six

Question 10

Nerves that leave the brain directly are called __________ nerves.

A)spinal
B)cranial
C)sympathetic
D)peripheral

Question 11

Axons leaving the spinal cord

A)form the cranial nerves.
B)carry sensory and motor messages.
C)make a total of 22 pairs of nerves.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Question 12

When an artery in a person's brain becomes blocked or bursts open, we say that the person has experienced

A)a stroke.
B)neural induction.
C)neural congestion.
D)spatial neglect.

Question 13

The peripheral system is the intricate network of nerves that carries information to and from the __________ nervous system.

A)central
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 14

Although playing catch and flying a kite in the park appear to be simple activities, in reality, each of these activities requires the work of many billions of individual nerve cells called

A)synapses.
B)neuropeptides.
C)neurons.
D)neurotransmitters.

Question 15

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the central nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

A)autonomic
B)sympathetic
C)somatic
D)peripheral

Question 16

The central and peripheral are the two main divisions of the __________ system.

A)nervous
B)endocrine
C)cardiovascular
D)limbic

Question 17

An individual nerve cell is known as a

A)nerve.
B)neuron.
C)synaptic vesicle.
D)neurotransmitter.

Question 18

Almost instantly, patients who have had a stroke realize that something is wrong. However, many brain injuries are less dramatic but involve equally disabling changes in personality, thinking, judgment, or emotions that can take years to become apparent. This type of brain injury that has been found in dozens of retired NFL players, hockey players, and boxers is called

A)comprehensive aphasic brain injury.
B)neuroplastic cerebral trauma.
C)chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
D)comprehensive traumatic corticalization.

Question 19

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the __________ nervous system.

A)central
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)somatic

Question 20

Brain activity is the source of

A)human consciousness.
B)behavior.
C)intelligence.
D)all of these.

Question 21

When you see an attractive person sit down next to you on the bus, the mad pounding of your heart is under the influence of which part of the nervous system?

A)central
B)diathesis
C)autonomic
D)somatic

Question 22

The autonomic system is

A)self-governing.
B)in control of the sense organs.
C)responsible for muscle movement.
D)mainly in control of voluntary actions.

Question 23

Your instructor announces a "pop" quiz. You have not read the chapter yet. Your heart and breathing rate increases, and your mouth becomes dry. Which branch of the nervous system was responsible for this reaction?

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)central

Question 24

After successfully running into the cabin from the large, snarling, drooling grizzly bear that was headed in your direction, you pause to catch your breath and collect your wits. The physical symptoms you now experience are controlled by the

A)sympathetic branch.
B)parasympathetic branch.
C)central nervous system.
D)neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 25

Regarding the workings of your nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system work together to coordinate the body's internal reactions to events in the outside world.
B)The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are always active.
C)The somatic nervous system is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
D)The combined action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches determines if your body is more or less relaxed or aroused.

Question 26

Aaron flexes his muscles as he shoots a basketball into the goal. His voluntary use of his muscles is controlled by which nervous system?

A)sympathetic
B)autonomic
C)somatic
D)parasympathetic

Question 27

After rushing to catch the bus, when you find a seat and begin to relax, the return to your normal heart rate is under the influence of the

A)central nervous system.
B)parasympathetic branch.
C)sympathetic branch.
D)somatic nervous system.

Question 28

Which of the following functions is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A)utilization of the sense organs
B)heart rate and respiration
C)secretion of hormones
D)digestion

Question 29

The involuntary physical changes that occur in the body, such as increases and decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and glandular secretions are controlled by the

A)occipital lobe.
B)parietal lobe.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)autonomic nervous system.

Question 30

Which part of the nervous system plays such a central role in our emotional lives that without it, a person would feel very little emotion?

A)autonomic
B)somatic
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 31

When you are playing a video game, your hand and eye movements are under the influence of the __________ nervous system.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)autonomic
D)somatic

Question 32

Your instructor has just decided not to give the pop test that was announced at the beginning of class. The class breathes a collective "sigh of relief." This relief is best explained by which branch of the nervous system?

A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Question 33

The autonomic system carries messages to and from

A)the sense organs.
B)the internal organs and glands.
C)the skeletal muscles.
D)all of these.

Question 34

During a lecture when students receive information through their eyes from the notes on the screen and information through their ears as the instructor lectures, the information will first travel through neurons within which nervous system?

A)sympathetic
B)autonomic
C)somatic
D)parasympathetic

Question 35

Which nervous system controls the voluntary function of the limbs and the sense organs?

A)sympathetic
B)autonomic
C)parasympathetic
D)somatic

Question 36

The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing)at moderate levels is the __________ branch.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)central
D)peripheral

Question 37

The part of the nervous system that is known as the "fight or flight" system because it arouses the body to meet emergencies and respond to emotional events is the __________ branch.

A)pineal
B)endocrine
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 38

Immediate emotional responses to a traumatic event are most directly under the control of the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)central nervous system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)cerebral cortex.

Question 39

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the

A)brain and spinal cord.
B)central and sympathetic systems.
C)somatic and autonomic systems.
D)spinal cord and 12 thoracic nerves.

Question 40

The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the

A)sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
B)somatic and spinal systems.
C)spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
D)parasympathetic and spinal systems.

Question 41

When the neuron sends information to other neurons, it "branches out" into smaller fibers, which end in bulb-shaped parts known as

A)myelin sheaths.
B)ion channels.
C)dendrite arcs.
D)axon terminals.

Question 42

Regarding ions, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Ions are found only on the outside of the neuron until it is activated.
B)Ions have a neutral charge, neither positive nor negative, until they are activated.
C)When a neuron is inactive (or resting), more "plus" charges exist outside the neuron and more "minus" charges exist inside.
D)Ions can be found only inside the neuron, which creates in your brain an electronic charge of about -10 millivolts.

Question 43

Which part of the neuron receives and collects information from other neurons, combines this information, and sends it down the axon?

A)neuropeptide
B)glial cell
C)ion channel
D)soma

Question 44

The part of the nerve cell that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)soma.
D)synapse.

Question 45

Regarding axons, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Some axons are only 0.1 millimeter long.
B)Some axons stretch for several feet through the nervous system.
C)Axons "branch out" into slightly larger fibers, which end in several bulb-shaped somas.
D)Large bundles of axons comprise most of the spinal cord and the nerves of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 46

Most of the spinal cord and the nerves of the peripheral nervous system are composed of large bundles of

A)axons.
B)neuropeptides.
C)glial cells.
D)somas.

Question 47

Regarding neurons, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Neurons carry information from the senses to the brain and also activate muscles and glands.
B)When neurons form vast networks, they produce intelligence and consciousness.
C)The axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons.
D)While neurons come in very different shapes and sizes, most have four basic parts: dendrites, soma, axon, and axon terminals.

Question 48

The bulb-shaped structures found at the end of neurons form connections with the dendrites and somas of other neurons and allow information to pass from neuron to neuron. These bulb-shaped structures are called the

A)myelin sheaths.
B)ion channels.
C)dendrite arcs.
D)axon terminals.

Question 49

A neuron is made up of dendrites, a soma, and a(n)

A)axon.
B)synapse.
C)diaton.
D)peptide.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

A)axon
B)axon terminal
C)synapse
D)soma

Question 51

The billions of neurons in the brain are accompanied by other cells whose function is to support the neurons in a variety of ways. These cells are called

A)effector cells.
B)glial cells or glia.
C)vesicles.
D)myelins.

Question 52

The charge that exists across the nerve cell membrane is a result of differing

A)amounts of DNA and RNA.
B)types of neurotransmitters on either side of the nerve cell membrane.
C)types of neurons inside and outside the nerve cell membrane.
D)concentrations of ions on either side of the nerve cell membrane.

Question 53

You are watching a horror movie. The music changes to the familiar tune you recognize as a prelude to danger. You tense up, your heart rate increases, your breathing becomes shallow, and your mouth is dry. Which branch of the nervous system has been activated?

A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Question 54

Viewed under a microscope, the nervous system is a large network of about 85 billion interlinked nerve cells, or

A)neurilemmas.
B)neuropeptides.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)neurons.

Question 55

The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called

A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)ampules.
D)ions.

Question 56

The individual nerve cells specialized to carry and process information are called

A)neurotransmitters.
B)synapses.
C)ions.
D)neurons.

Question 57

Glial cells are the

A)chemicals released by a neuron that alters activity in other neurons.
B)electrically charged molecules found inside each neuron.
C)cells that support neurons in a variety of ways.
D)thin layer of cells that form a "tunnel" that damaged neuron fibers can follow as they repair themselves.

Question 58

Which of the following carry information from the senses to the brain, activate muscles and glands, and form vast networks that produce intelligence and consciousness?

A)neurons
B)glial cells
C)synapses
D)nuclei ions

Question 59

The cell body of a neuron is also called the

A)dendrite.
B)axon.
C)myelin.
D)soma.

Question 60

Once information is received at the dendrites, it next flows into the

A)soma.
B)axon.
C)myelin sheath.
D)glial cell.

Question 61

A neuron's resting potential is raised and lowered

A)by messages arriving from other neurons.
B)by the occurrence of neurogenesis.
C)through a process known as neuroplasticity.
D)when lateralization occurs.

Question 62

The threshold for firing occurs when the electrical charge within the nerve cell reaches about

A)-10 millivolts.
B)-50 millivolts.
C)+100 millivolts.
D)+10 millivolts.

Question 63

Which of the following statements best describes an action potential?

A)The action potential is strongest when neurilemma is present.
B)The action potential starts near the synapse.
C)The action potential occurs when neurotransmitters enter the axon.
D)The action potential is an all-or-nothing event.

Question 64

When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist OUTSIDE the neuron?

A)positive ions
B)negative ions
C)myelin sheaths
D)neuropeptides

Question 65

When a neuron is inactive, more of which of the following exist INSIDE the neuron?

A)negative ions
B)positive ions
C)neuropeptides
D)myelin sheaths

Question 66

The fastest neurons can send impulses at about __________ miles per hour.

A)200
B)425
C)150
D)45

Question 67

A neuron is less willing to fire when it is in a(n)

A)action potential.
B)resting potential.
C)negative after-potential.
D)depolarized state.

Question 68

During an action potential, the "gates" covering the axon's ion channels pop open to allow which ions to rush into the axon?

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)chlorine
D)iodine

Question 69

If the electrical charge of the neuron changes to about minus 50 millivolts, the neuron will reach its

A)synaptic potential.
B)negative after-potential.
C)threshold for firing.
D)fusion level for firing.

Question 70

A resting potential occurs when a neuron

A)reaches -50 millivolts.
B)is inactive.
C)reaches its threshold.
D)reaches its trigger point for firing.

Question 71

During a negative after-potential, there is an outward flow of which of the following from the axon?

A)negative charges
B)potassium ions
C)neurotransmitters
D)sodium ions

Question 72

Electrically charged particles of which two elements are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse?

A)iron and sodium
B)iron and potassium
C)sodium and nickel
D)sodium and potassium

Question 73

In the nervous system, the electrical charge of an inactive neuron is called its

A)depolarized state.
B)resting potential.
C)action potential.
D)ionic state.

Question 74

The "all or nothing event" refers to the fact that

A)nerve cells are continually in an action potential.
B)action potentials occur completely or not at all.
C)synaptic transmissions occur completely or not at all.
D)all the neurons in the brain fire or none of them fire.

Question 75

The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called a(n)

A)ion potential.
B)action potential.
C)resting discharge.
D)synapse.

Question 76

During an action potential, which of the following occurs?

A)Sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron into the synaptic cleft.
B)The molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into the neuron.
C)The electrical stimulation of the neuron must dip below -70 millivolts and remain so during the action potential.
D)Neurotransmitters enter the axon through gaps in the myelin sheath.

Question 77

A neuron's threshold is

A)another name for its synaptic potential.
B)another name for its negative after-potential
C)when a neuron is inactive.
D)its trigger point for firing.

Question 78

Since the inside of each resting neuron in your brain has an electrical charge of about -60 to -70 millivolts at the axon compared to the outside of the cell, every neuron in your brain acts as a(n)

A)tiny biological battery.
B)chemical reactor.
C)ion channel booster.
D)electrical shock absorber.

Question 79

The inside of each resting neuron in your brain has an electrical charge of how many millivolts at the axon?

A)-5 to -10 millivolts
B)-20 to -40 millivolts
C)-60 to -70 millivolts
D)-90 to -110 millivolts

Question 80

When the threshold for firing within a neuron occurs, we say that which of the following is taking place?

A)volume gradient
B)myelination
C)action potential
D)resting discharge