Deck 11: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

Four-year-old Maggie tells her grandmother that she knows that girls grow up to be "mommies," and they are very good at taking care of other people, while boys are brave and grow up to marry girls and get jobs and protect their families. Maggie is describing what she understands about

A)sex differences.
B)gender differences.
C)sexual scripts.
D)biological biasing effects.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Marisol experienced such a deep conflict between her biological sex of male and her preferred gender role as a female that she had a "sex change" operation to become female. Marisol

A)has a gender paraphilia.
B)has a heterophobia.
C)would be considered transsexual.
D)would be considered bisexual.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sex as indicated by the presence of ovaries (female)or testes (male)refers to __________ sex.

A)genetic
B)gonadal
C)hormonal
D)genital

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female are called

A)the sexual script.
B)genetic potential.
C)sex.
D)gender.

Question 5

Mr. Martinez, the science teacher, explains to his class that females have ovaries that produce estrogens, while the male testes produce testosterone. Mr. Martinez has just explained

A)genital sex and gender identity.
B)gonadal sex and hormonal sex.
C)hormonal sex and genital sex.
D)genital sex and gonadal sex.

Question 6

One's physical or biological classification as female or male is referred to as one's

A)sex.
B)gender.
C)androgyny.
D)genetic gender potential.

Question 7

Gonadal sex refers to

A)XX chromosomes in females and XY chromosomes in males.
B)ovaries in females and the testes in males.
C)a preponderance of estrogens in females and androgens in males.
D)the vagina and clitoris in females and the penis and scrotum in males..

Question 8

Four-year-old Mitzi is watching her mother change her little cousin Jeffrey's diaper. She immediately notices that Jeffrey looks differently under the diaper and questions her mother. Her mother tells her that little boys have a "penis," while little girls have a "vagina." Mitzi's mother has just explained which of the following to Mitzi?

A)gender identity
B)gonadal sex
C)genital sex
D)all of these

Question 9

Genital sex refers to

A)XX chromosomes in females and XY chromosomes in males.
B)ovaries in females and the testes in males.
C)a preponderance of estrogens in females and androgens in males.
D)vagina and clitoris in females and the penis and scrotum in males..

Question 10

Sex as indicated by a preponderance of estrogens (female)or androgens (male)in the body refers to

A)genetic sex.
B)gonadal sex.
C)hormonal sex.
D)gender identity.

Question 11

Sex as indicated by the presence of a clitoris and vagina in females and a penis and scrotum in males refers to __________ sex.

A)genetic
B)gonadal
C)hormonal
D)genital

Question 12

Ms. Garratt, the health teacher at the junior high, is explaining the differences in male and female reproductive characteristics as well as the differences in males and females regarding their chromosomes. Ms. Garratt is teaching the class about

A)gender identity.
B)gender roles.
C)sex differences.
D)gender differences.

Question 13

Hormonal sex refers to the

A)XX chromosomes in females or XY chromosomes in males.
B)predominance of estrogens in females or androgens in males.
C)ovaries in females or testes in males.
D)clitoris and vagina in females or the penis and scrotum in males.

Question 14

Regarding the genetic dimension of sex, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)XX chromosomes initiate development of a male, and an XY pair produces a female.
B)Genetic sex is determined at the instant of conception.
C)Genetic sex switches three or four times prior to birth.
D)In Kleinfelter's syndrome, a girl is born with only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome.

Question 15

The dimension of sex which refers to X and Y chromosomes is called

A)gonadal sex.
B)hormonal sex.
C)genital sex.
D)genetic sex.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding sex and gender is FALSE?

A)Classifying a person as male or female is not a simple either\or proposition.
B)One thing we never forget about a person is his or her sex.
C)Gender differences refer to biological characteristics, while sex differences refer to psychological and social factors.
D)If a person is a transsexual, then there are conflicts between his or her sex and their preferred psychological and social roles.

Question 17

After Gabe started out life biologically as a female named Gabrielle, he always felt that psychologically he was male, so he had a sex change operation and now lives as a male. Gabe

A)has a gender paraphilia.
B)has a heterophobia.
C)would be considered bisexual.
D)would be considered transsexual.

Question 18

Professor Constantine is discussing the four dimensions of sex with his psychology class. Which of the following is NOT one of the four dimensions he would discuss?

A)genetic sex
B)androgynous sex
C)hormonal sex
D)gonadal sex

Question 19

In differentiating between the terms sex and gender,

A)sex refers to biological aspects of identity, and gender refers to psychological and social identity.
B)both terms gender and sex refer to one's sociocultural identity.
C)sex refers to sociocultural identity, and gender refers to biological identity.
D)none of these statements represent the terms correctly.

Question 20

Genetic sex refers to the

A)XX chromosomes in females or XY chromosomes in males.
B)ovaries in females or the testes in males.
C)predominance of estrogens in females or androgens in males.
D)vagina and clitoris in females and the penis and scrotum in males.

Question 21

Concerning genetic sex, males normally have which chromosomal combination?

A)XXY
B)XY
C)XX
D)XYY

Question 22

Male hormones are known as

A)androgens.
B)estrogens.
C)adrenals.
D)gonads.

Question 23

A child that is born with an XXY combination of chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be androgynous.
D)be bisexual.

Question 24

A child that is born with only one X chromosome and no additional X or Y chromosomes is genetically considered to

A)have Turner's syndrome.
B)have Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)be androgynous.
D)be transsexual.

Question 25

Xhao was born with an XXY chromosome combination. As a result, when he matures, he may appear feminine, have undersized sexual organs, and be infertile. Xhao

A)has Turner's syndrome.
B)has Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)would be considered transsexual.
D)would be considered bisexual.

Question 26

A child with Turner's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically female.
B)has an XXY combination of chromosomes.
C)is considered to be transsexual.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 27

Kaya was born with only one X chromosome and no additional X chromosome or Y chromosome. As an adolescent, she may appear boyish and will most likely be infertile. Kaya

A)has Turner's syndrome.
B)has Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)would be considered androgynous.
D)would be considered transsexual.

Question 28

Critical to the prenatal development of the male and female anatomy is the

A)presence of an extra chromosome at pair 21 in males.
B)secretion of estrogen and other hormones by the adrenal glands.
C)hormonal stimulation of various brain structures during the embryonic period.
D)presence or absence of testosterone before birth.

Question 29

Female hormones are to estrogens as male hormones are to

A)androgens.
B)gonads.
C)menarches.
D)histogen.

Question 30

The male sperm carries

A)only X chromosomes.
B)only Y chromosomes.
C)an X chromosome in half of the sperm and a Y chromosome in the other half.
D)both an X and a Y chromosome in each sperm cell.

Question 31

A child with Klinefelter's syndrome

A)is considered to be genetically female.
B)has an XXY combination of chromosomes.
C)is considered to be transsexual.
D)is characterized by all of these.

Question 32

Concerning genetic sex, females normally have which chromosomal combination?

A)XXY
B)XY
C)XX
D)XYY

Question 33

The gonads in the female are the

A)Cowper's glands.
B)uterus and cervix.
C)testes.
D)ovaries.

Question 34

Female hormones are known as

A)androgens.
B)estrogens.
C)adrenals.
D)gonads.

Question 35

The gonads in the male are the

A)Cowper's glands.
B)Bartholin glands.
C)testes.
D)ovaries.

Question 36

The sex glands of both males and females are known as the

A)androgens.
B)hormones.
C)adrenals
D)gonads.

Question 37

Regarding the genetic dimension of sex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Two X chromosomes initiate male development, while an X chromosome plus a Y chromosome produces a female.
B)Genetic sex is determined at the instant of conception.
C)Genetic sex remains the same throughout life.
D)Some individuals begin life with too many or too few sex chromosomes.

Question 38

The female ovum carries

A)only X chromosomes.
B)only Y chromosomes.
C)X chromosomes in half of the ova and Y chromosomes in the other half.
D)both an X and a Y chromosome in each ovum.

Question 39

Because they secrete estrogens and androgens, sexual development and behavior are affected by the

A)gonads.
B)pituitary gland.
C)thyroid glands.
D)pineal gland.

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT secrete sex hormones?

A)testes
B)thyroid glands
C)ovaries
D)adrenal glands

Question 41

Female development may even occur in males before birth when testosterone is present if the male child has an inherited condition that makes him unresponsive to testosterone. This inherited condition is known as

A)congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
B)gender biasing.
C)biological biasing.
D)androgen insensitivity.

Question 42

Before birth if a male child receives too little testosterone, which condition may result?

A)Turner's syndrome
B)intersexuality
C)androgen insensitivity syndrome
D)congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 43

Which of the following is one of the androgens secreted mainly by the male sex organs and is responsible for the development of many male sexual characteristics?

A)thyroxin
B)epinephrine
C)testosterone
D)progestin

Question 44

The sexual and reproductive organs, including the vagina, ovaries, and uterus in females and the penis, testes, and scrotum in males, make up a person's

A)primary sexual characteristics.
B)secondary sexual characteristics.
C)biological biasing effect.
D)gender differences.

Question 45

A developing female may be masculinized by the condition known as

A)Klinefelter's syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)androgen insensitivity.
D)congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Question 46

Regarding sexual development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)For the first two trimesters of prenatal growth, genetically female and male embryos look identical.
B)If a Y chromosome is present, testes develop in the embryo and supply testosterone, which stimulate the growth of the penis and other male structures.
C)Nature's primary impulse is to make a female.
D)In the absence of testosterone, embryos will develop female sex organs and genitals, regardless of their genetic sex.

Question 47

Which of the following occurs first developmentally?

A)gender identity
B)secondary sexual characteristics
C)primary sexual characteristics
D)reproductive maturity

Question 48

An inherited disorder in which male embryos fail to develop male genitals because of an unresponsiveness to testosterone is referred to as

A)gender biasing effect.
B)androgen insensitivity.
C)congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
D)biological biasing effect.

Question 49

Regardless of genetic sex, the embryo will develop female organs and genitals in the absence of

A)testosterone.
B)estrogen.
C)adrenaline.
D)noradrenaline.

Question 50

Regarding the primary sexual characteristics, the male reproductive system includes which of the following?

A)epididymis
B)Cowper's gland
C)seminal vesicles
D)all of these

Question 51

Secondary sexual characteristics include

A)the development of breasts and body shape in the female and facial hair and voice deepening in the male.
B)the sexual and reproductive organs in males and females.
C)the development of appropriate sex roles.
D)menarche and menopause in women.

Question 52

Development of male genitals before birth is largely due to the presence of

A)two X chromosomes.
B)testosterone.
C)estrogens.
D)the bulbo-urethral gland.

Question 53

Regarding the primary sexual characteristics, the parts of the female reproductive system include which of the following?

A)epididymis
B)vas deferens
C)fallopian tubes
D)all of these

Question 54

Regarding prenatal development, there is no structural difference between males and females in the first

A)trimester
B)six weeks
C)12 weeks
D)four months

Question 55

An intersexual person has

A)no androgens present.
B)no internal sexual organs.
C)no external reproductive organs.
D)ambiguous sexual anatomy.

Question 56

Mrs. Haddad, the sex education teacher, tells the class that at puberty, changes will begin to occur in the bodies of both males and females. Females will experience breast development, their hips will broaden, and their overall body shape will change. Males will grow facial hair and their voices will deepen. Mrs. Haddad is explaining

A)primary sex characteristics.
B)secondary sex characteristics.
C)the biological biasing effect.
D)the unfolding of the sexual scripts.

Question 57

Which of the following conditions occurs when a female child's body produces estrogen, but a genetic abnormality causes the adrenal glands to release too much androgen, which results in this female child being born with genitals that are more male than female?

A)congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B)androgen insensitivity
C)Down syndrome
D)Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 58

Elaine has just had a baby. The doctor tells her that her baby is intersexual. This means that Elaine's baby

A)has ambiguous sexual anatomy.
B)has no internal reproductive organs.
C)has no external reproductive organs.
D)will most likely become bisexual or homosexual as an adult.

Question 59

For both genetic females and males, hormonal problems before birth may produce an individual who has ambiguous sexual anatomy, a condition referred to as a(n)__________ person.

A)transsexual
B)intersexual
C)bisexual
D)homosexual

Question 60

Primary sexual characteristics refer to

A)all those physical structures and psychological traits influenced by the sex hormones.
B)the development of breasts and body shape in the female, and changes in hair development and voice in the male.
C)the sexual and reproductive organs themselves.
D)the psychological and social characteristics associated with being male or female.

Question 61

Katrina and June, two females, have been in a monogamous relationship for five years and have cohabitated as a couple for the last two years. Katrina and June's sexual orientation would best be described as

A)homosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)homophobic.

Question 62

What appear to be shifts in orientation usually occur for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)homosexual people realizing they have been untrue to themselves.
B)the person being basically bisexual.
C)the person being raised by gay or lesbian parents.
D)homosexuals marrying members of the opposite sex due to societal pressures.

Question 63

Ovulation is a monthly process that refers to

A)the beginning of menstruation.
B)the release of estrogen.
C)the release of an egg.
D)none of these.

Question 64

Although she dated in high school and college Michelle, who is preparing to become a nun, has voluntarily chosen not to act on her sexual attractions. Michelle is exhibiting

A)hypoactive sexual desire.
B)sexual aversion.
C)celibacy.
D)asexuality.

Question 65

George and Estella, a male-female couple, are sexually involved, but lately George has become sexually involved with another male named Terrence. George's sexual orientation is best characterized as

A)homosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)trisexual.

Question 66

Regarding sexual orientation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Sexual orientation is a very deep part of personal identity.
B)The chances are practically nil of an exclusively heterosexual or homosexual person being "converted" from one sexual orientation to the other.
C)Sexual orientation is usually quite stable, although, for some people, sexual behavior may change during the course of a lifetime.
D)Sexual orientation is mainly a learned behavior and, therefore, very unstable and changeable.

Question 67

Women can bear children from the first ovulation until

A)menopause.
B)menarche.
C)pubescence occurs.
D)androgen insensitivity develops.

Question 68

Menarche is to menopause as

A)onset is to cessation of menstruation.
B)androgen is to estrogen hormones.
C)testes are to ovaries.
D)male is to female.

Question 69

Lance states that he has never experienced any sexual attraction for either men or women, nor is he distressed by this lack of sexual desire. Lance is showing

A)hypoactive sexual desire.
B)sexual aversion.
C)celibacy.
D)asexuality.

Question 70

Secondary sex characteristics occur in response to hormonal signals from the __________ gland.

A)pituitary
B)Cowper's
C)Bartholin
D)pineal

Question 71

Regarding secondary sexual characteristics, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Secondary sexual characteristics occur in response to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland.
B)Secondary sexual characteristics involve more superficial physical features of the body.
C)Secondary sexual characteristics appear at the time of birth.
D)Secondary sexual characteristics signal that the individual is biologically ready for reproduction.

Question 72

Sexual orientation refers to

A)one's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the same gender, opposite gender, or both genders.
B)the belief that heterosexuality is more natural than homosexuality.
C)a person being erotically attracted to both men and women.
D)a person being romantically attracted to same-sex persons.

Question 73

The ending of regular monthly menstrual periods is called

A)ovulation.
B)menopause.
C)menarche.
D)androgen.

Question 74

Tamara and Peter, a female-male couple, have been romantically and sexually involved for six months. Their sexual orientation would best be characterized as

A)homosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)homophobic.

Question 75

According to a growing number of psychologists, a lack of attraction to both men and women constitutes a fourth type of sexual orientation, which is called

A)asexuality.
B)bisexuality.
C)celibacy.
D)pseudosexuality.

Question 76

The release of ova (eggs)from the ovaries is called

A)endometriosis.
B)ovulation.
C)menopause.
D)menarche.

Question 77

A major sign of puberty in women is the onset of menstruation, called

A)menopause.
B)ovulation.
C)menarche.
D)estrogen.

Question 78

Marian's sexual orientation is asexual, which means that she

A)has sexual feelings but has chosen not to act on them.
B)is distressed by her lack of sexual desire.
C)has a treatable sexual dysfunction.
D)experiences little or no sexual attraction.

Question 79

One's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the same gender, opposite gender, or both genders refers to one's

A)sexual orientation.
B)sex role.
C)sexual behavior.
D)gender identity.

Question 80

Carl and Marco, two males, have cohabitated in a sexual relationship for a number of years. Carl and Marco's sexual orientation would best be characterized as

A)homosexual.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)transsexual.