Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

In 2014, approximately how many Americans committed suicide?

A)10,000
B)23,000
C)42,000
D)55,600

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following defines actions that would be considered "strange" within a particular culture and are often the first sign that a person has a problem?

A)cultural relativity
B)social nonconformity
C)depersonalization
D)neurosis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Herbert's scores are just barely outside of the normal range on a test of his emotions. Thus, which limitation of a statistical definition of abnormality must the examiner confront?

A)whether Herbert is feeling any subjective discomfort
B)where to draw the line between normality and abnormality
C)how to replicate this deviation a second time for validity
D)deciding whether Herbert's behavior meets nonconformity standards

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those who

A)show evidence of loss of contact with reality.
B)are unhappy, withdrawn, and depressed.
C)deviate from the average on an objective measure of behavior.
D)are disabled by anxiety.

Question 5

Which factor in defining abnormality involves judging a behavior as abnormal or nonconforming by considering the behavioral setting or general circumstances under which the behavior was displayed?

A)subjective discomfort
B)situational context
C)statistical abnormality
D)social nonconformity

Question 6

What percentage of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year?

A)five percent
B)10 percent
C)18 percent
D)35 percent

Question 7

Jansen is an artist who dresses in an offbeat manner, drives a multi-colored VW van, and generally is known as a charming eccentric. Jansen is happy, creative, and generally well adjusted. It is critical to distinguish this type of non-traditional person from others who have not adopted the usual minimum rules for behavior, which is destructive. This example illustrates one of the problems with what definition of abnormality?

A)social nonconformity
B)statistical
C)cultural
D)subjective discomfort

Question 8

The term psychopathology includes which of the following?

A)the scientific study of psychological disorders
B)behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair personal growth
C)mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia
D)all of these

Question 9

Regarding social nonconformity, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Social nonconformity is accompanied by subjective discomfort.
B)Social nonconformity may indicate a psychological disorder or a harmless eccentricity.
C)Social nonconformity always indicates some degree of psychological disorder, though it may be a slight one.
D)Social nonconformity involves disobeying one's own private standards for acceptable behavior.

Question 10

If you heard that a person exposed himself to another person in a place of business, you would probably think that the person was abnormal until you realized the person was exposing himself to his family doctor during the course of a physical examination. This story illustrates the importance of

A)situational context.
B)cultural relativity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 11

As part of a class assignment to "find out how it feels to be crazy for a day," students performed some "strange" behaviors in public, such as talking to imaginary people, covering their heads with aluminum foil, or walking around a mall with an open umbrella. The students would most likely to be viewed as abnormal based on

A)cultural relativity.
B)social nonconformity.
C)depersonalization.
D)neurotic behavior.

Question 12

Almost any behavior can be judged to be normal or abnormal depending on the specific circumstances present. This qualification for judging whether or not a behavior is abnormal is referred to as

A)situational context.
B)subjective judgment.
C)environmental selectivity.
D)personal relativity.

Question 13

Of the 42,000 Americans who committed suicide in 2014, what percentage had a diagnosable mental disorder?

A)20 percent
B)45 percent
C)65 percent
D)90 percent

Question 14

Which of the following is the scientific term that refers to mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or depression, and to behavior patterns that make people unhappy and impair their personal growth as well as to the study of these disorders?

A)insanity
B)lunacy
C)neuroses
D)psychopathology

Question 15

The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders is called

A)psychosis.
B)neurosis.
C)psychopathology.
D)neuropathology.

Question 16

A psychologist devises a test to measure anxiety. He administers this test to over 1,000 persons and learns how many people show low, medium, or high levels of anxiety. Usually the results of such tests tend to form a(n)

A)normal or bell-shaped curve.
B)skewed deviation curve.
C)U-shaped curve.
D)scatter plot.

Question 17

Failure to match one's behavior to widely accepted norms or to the usual minimum rules for social conduct describes what definition of normality?

A)subjective discomfort
B)statistical abnormality
C)social nonconformity
D)cultural relativity

Question 18

If you heard that a person was barking and jumping around on "all fours," you might think the person abnormal until you found out the person was on stage practicing the part of a "talking dog" in the upcoming student play. This story illustrates the importance of

A)situational context.
B)cultural relativity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 19

Margo takes a test that measures the level of several emotions. Using statistical abnormality as the definition of psychopathology, Margo would be considered normal or average if all of her scores fell

A)toward the right side of the higher scoring area of the curve.
B)in the middle of the curve.
C)at the lower end of the curve.
D)only if her scores fell outside the curve.

Question 20

Which of the following refers to scoring very high or low on some dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or depression?

A)subjective relativity
B)statistical abnormality
C)mental nonconformity
D)maladaptive deviations

Question 21

Which of the following behaviors is considered abnormal by almost all cultures?

A)extreme displays of otherwise normal behavior
B)feelings of unhappiness and discomfort
C)failure to communicate and unpredictable actions
D)any behavior that does not conform to the norms of the culture

Question 22

When a person's behavior is maladaptive, a relative may start legal procedures that may result in the finding of insanity with these legal procedures called

A)psychotic findings.
B)psychopathology lawsuits.
C)commitment proceedings.
D)diagnostic and statistical analyses.

Question 23

A person whose immoral behavior harms others, but who feels no remorse for such harmful behavior, would NOT be regarded as abnormal if the criterion used was

A)statistical abnormality.
B)social nonconformity.
C)maladaptive behavior.
D)subjective discomfort.

Question 24

When a person is a danger to him or herself and other people, then the behavior is clearly

A)compulsive.
B)maladaptive.
C)psychotic.
D)neurotic.

Question 25

Although her family is unaware of her chronic feelings of hopelessness and despair, Carmen is very unhappy. Thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

A)statistical abnormality.
B)social nonconformity.
C)subjective discomfort.
D)cultural relativity.

Question 26

If Marty is exhibiting maladaptive behavior, we would expect him to

A)exhibit behavior that is culturally relative but statistically rare.
B)show social nonconforming behavior that may or may not be statistically rare.
C)show a lack of consistent happiness and sociability in his life.
D)have an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult for him to meet the demands of day-to-day life.

Question 27

Commitment proceedings are legal proceedings that may result in the finding of

A)psychosis.
B)neurosis.
C)insanity.
D)psychopathology.

Question 28

In understanding abnormality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Nonconformity does not always indicate a disorder, and conformity is not a sure sign of mental health.
B)Within a culture, a behavior may be defined as abnormal in one situational context but not another.
C)Behaviors defined as abnormal in one culture are, by definition, abnormal in all cultures.
D)In all cultures, a consistent failure to communicate or behave predictably is considered abnormal.

Question 29

According to the textbook, abnormal behavior that is indicative of the person requiring psychological help is defined by the core feature of

A)being maladaptive.
B)being statistically rare.
C)involving subjective discomfort.
D)being outside the realm of cultural relativity.

Question 30

A person can show extreme distress, such as grief at the death of a loved one, without having psychopathology, while a person with mania, who feels "on top of the world," does have a mental disorder. This illustrates the difficulties with classifying behavior as abnormal using the criterion of

A)subjective discomfort.
B)legal insanity.
C)social nonconformity.
D)neurosis.

Question 31

In defining abnormality, the idea that judgments are made comparable to the values of the society in which one lives is called

A)ethnocentricism.
B)social conformity.
C)cultural relativity.
D)behavioral norms.

Question 32

In practice, which of the following explains most instances in which people voluntarily seek professional help?

A)social nonconformity
B)subjective discomfort
C)parental urgings
D)law enforcement involvement

Question 33

Regarding insanity, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Insanity is a legal term that refers to people who are unable to manage their affairs or foresee consequences.
B)Insanity is the most common disorder described in the DSM-5 .
C)Insanity is a psychiatric term that refers to individuals with neurocognitive disorders or dissociative disorders.
D)Insanity is typically caused by a severe combination of personality disorders.

Question 34

Using the "core feature" of abnormal behavior in identifying mental disorders, the occurrence of abnormal behavior would be defined as behavior that

A)makes daily life more difficult and which indicates a loss of control.
B)causes a person extreme personal discomfort and is socially nonconforming.
C)is illegal and\or persistently nonconforming.
D)is statistically different from the average of the general population.

Question 35

A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is

A)culturally absolute.
B)learned.
C)maladaptive.
D)dependent on age.

Question 36

Insanity is

A)another name for SAD.
B)a legal term.
C)the psychiatric term for multiple personalities.
D)required to be established before a person can be voluntarily treated at a mental hospital.

Question 37

If Edgar is exhibiting maladaptive behavior, we would expect this behavior to often result in

A)acute psychotic behavior that would be readily apparent to any observer.
B)statistically rare behavior that would be offensive to most people in a culture.
C)serious psychological discomfort, disability, and\or a loss of control of thoughts, behaviors, or feelings.
D)rigidly conforming mannerisms and mutism that would incapacitate the person.

Question 38

Jake was found by the court to not be legally responsible for his violent actions and was subsequently involuntarily committed to a mental hospital. Thus, the court ruled Jake to be

A)insane.
B)neurotic.
C)statistically abnormal.
D)socially nonconforming.

Question 39

The legal definition that means the inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one's actions is called

A)insanity.
B)neurosis.
C)psychosomatic.
D)nervous breakdown.

Question 40

Insanity is

A)another term for nervous breakdown.
B)the psychiatric term that is synonymous with schizophrenia.
C)established by the testimony from expert witnesses.
D)all of these.

Question 41

An important use of the DSM-5 includes being a(n)

A)guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.
B)statistical encyclopedia of the incidence of various forms of violent crime committed by patients with mental disorders.
C)accurate guide used by judges and juries in determining the legal definition of insanity.
D)guide to current research articles in the field of psychopathology.

Question 42

Which of the following plays the largest role within mental health settings regarding the diagnosis, therapy, and the billing of insurance companies?

A)MMPI-2
B)DSM-5
C)statistical abnormality
D)commitment proceedings

Question 43

Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are types of __________disorders.

A)personality
B)mood
C)psychotic
D)dissociative

Question 44

Psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system not arising until adulthood are termed __________ disorders.

A)neurocognitive
B)neurodevelopmental
C)somatic symptom
D)dissociative

Question 45

The most severe psychological disorders, which often require hospitalization, are the

A)personality disorders.
B)psychosomatic illnesses.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)psychotic disorders.

Question 46

Psychopathologies due to various forms of damage to the nervous system arising before adulthood are called __________ disorders.

A)neurocognitive
B)neurodevelopmental
C)schizophrenic spectrum
D)somatic symptom

Question 47

The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is

A)a loss of contact with shared views of reality.
B)antisocial conduct.
C)overwhelming anxiety.
D)obsessive behavior.

Question 48

All evidence points to Greg being the person who killed his wife. Greg knows that murder is morally wrong and against the law, but he also has been diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorder. Greg will most likely be found

A)guilty of murder.
B)not guilty by reason of insanity.
C)not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D)guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 49

To correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapies to treat them, psychologists use the

A)WAIS-IV.
B)16 PF.
C)MBTI.
D)DSM-5 .

Question 50

Cody was accused of assaulting his neighbor, but several psychologists testified at his trial that Cody has schizophrenia, is paranoid, and suffers from delusions and hallucinations. In addition, on the day of the alleged assault, Cody had been hearing voices telling him that a space alien had inhabited the body of his neighbor and that this alien was attempting to inhabit Cody's body when his neighbor knocked on his door. The neighbor even testified that Cody called him "a space creature." The jury found that because of his schizophrenia, Cody could not appreciate that assaulting his neighbor was wrong; therefore, the jury found Cody

A)guilty but impaired.
B)not guilty by reason of insanity.
C)not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D)guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 51

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the person being socially withdrawn, being unable to control his or her thoughts or actions, and by the presence of delusions and\or hallucinations?

A)trauma- and stressor-related disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)somatic symptom and related disorders
D)schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Question 52

Robert was found wandering naked in the campus parking lot, proclaiming himself to be "Father Time." The mental disorder that Robert appears to have would fit under which DSM-5 category?

A)anxiety disorders
B)schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
C)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 53

Dissociative, neurodevelopmental, somatic symptom, and paraphilic disorders are types of

A)social nonconformities.
B)situational deviations.
C)mental disorders.
D)physiological disorders.

Question 54

Pablo is seen walking down the street, shouting at imaginary individuals "to turn it down." When the police stop him and ask him why he is shouting, he tells them that the transmitter that the CIA implanted in his head is "not working properly" and is too loud. Pablo's disorder falls under which DSM-5 category?

A)schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
B)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
C)somatic symptom and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 55

Impairment of the brain and nervous system due to an HIV infection contracted during adulthood would be diagnosed as a ___________ disorder.

A)paraphilic
B)neurocognitive
C)somatic symptom
D)neurodevelopmental

Question 56

In practice, if a person accused of a crime was unable to appreciate that what he or she did was wrong because of a diagnosable psychological disorder, he or she may be found to be

A)guilty but impaired.
B)not guilty by reason of insanity.
C)not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D)guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 57

The system currently used in America to classify psychological problems

A)is the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS).
B)is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 5th Edition ( DSM-5 ).
C)was designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler.
D)is to be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP).

Question 58

In situations in which people who committed crimes are unable to appreciate that what they did was wrong because they have a severe intellectual disability, autism, or brain damage, these people may be found

A)guilty but impaired.
B)not guilty by reason of insanity.
C)not guilty by reason of diminished responsibility.
D)guilty under exceptional circumstances.

Question 59

The categories of depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders are sometimes collectively referred to as __________ disorders.

A)anxiety
B)mood
C)somatic symptom
D)dissociative

Question 60

If a person were diagnosed with intellectual, communication, attentional, or motor problems that emerged early in his or her life, his or her disorder would fall into which DSM-5 category?

A)neurocognitive disorders
B)neurodevelopmental disorders
C)trauma- and stressor-related disorders
D)somatic symptom and related disorders

Question 61

There are major gaps in your memory of events; you feel like you are a robot or a stranger to yourself; or others tell you that you have done things that you don't remember doing. If you showed these symptoms, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of __________ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)somatic symptom
C)schizophrenic
D)dissociative

Question 62

When depression alternates with periods of mania, meaning the person is agitated, elated, and hyperactive, one would suspect that which type of disorder is involved?

A)anxiety disorder
B)bipolar disorder
C)depressive disorder
D)dissociative disorder

Question 63

Although it has been over a year since Superstorm Sandy, Jack still has frequent nightmares about the hurricane and also relives the event in his mind every time there is a thunderstorm. Jack appears to be suffering from a disorder within which DSM-5 category?

A)somatic symptom and related disorders
B)neurodevelopmental disorders
C)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
D)trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Question 64

Unhealthy behavior patterns, such as being narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial, can repeatedly cause problems at work, at school, and in your relationships with others. These unhealthy behavior patterns are characteristic of which disorders?

A)mood disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)paraphilic disorders

Question 65

Which category of disorders involves extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and the repetitive performance of certain behaviors?

A)bipolar and related disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
D)schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Question 66

If you are experiencing episodes of depersonalization, you are most likely suffering from a

A)paraphilia.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)conversion disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.

Question 67

Which of the following would be a major symptom of a dissociative disorder?

A)phobias
B)amnesia
C)paranoia
D)depression

Question 68

You feel physically sick, but your doctor says nothing is wrong with you; or you suffer from pain that has no physical basis; or you are preoccupied with thoughts about being sick. If you showed these symptoms, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of __________ disorder.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)dissociative
C)neurocognitive
D)somatic symptom

Question 69

Multiple personalities as well as a psychologically caused amnesia would both be classified as __________ disorders.

A)somatic symptom
B)anxiety
C)schizophrenic
D)dissociative

Question 70

You have panic attacks and feel like you are going to die, or you are afraid to do normal everyday activities that most people can do. If you showed these symptoms, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of __________ disorder.

A)somatic symptom
B)anxiety
C)psychotic
D)dissociative

Question 71

Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from

A)mood disorders.
B)dissociative disorders.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)insanity.

Question 72

Over the last week, Carmen has had several frightening episodes in which she feels that she is outside her body, sort of lost in a dream world, and behaving like a robot. Carmen is experiencing a dissociative condition known as

A)hysteria.
B)dysthymic disorder.
C)a conversion disorder.
D)depersonalization.

Question 73

Which of the following would be evidence of a dissociative disorder?

A)A man undergoes dramatic weight loss as a consequence of severe depression.
B)An accountant loses his job because of problems stemming from drug abuse.
C)A woman is found in a bus station, unable to remember her name or where she lives.
D)A former helicopter gunner has flashbacks related to post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 74

Carrie sometimes feels very depressed, while at other times she talks too loud and too fast and has a rush of ideas and feelings that others think are unreasonable. Carrie would most likely be diagnosed with a disorder within which DSM-5 category?

A)anxiety disorders
B)bipolar and related disorders
C)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 75

Which of the following disorders involves a person exhibiting bodily complaints, such as chronic pain that suggest illness or injury but for which there is no identifiable organic cause?

A)trauma- and stressor-related disorders
B)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
C)neurocognitive disorders
D)somatic symptom and related disorders

Question 76

When Sara returned from her tour of duty in Iraq, she experienced symptoms of a posttraumatic stress disorder, which is a part of which DSM-5 category of disorders?

A)trauma- and stressor-related disorders
B)somatic symptom and related disorders
C)bipolar and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 77

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders involve

A)a loss of contact with reality.
B)amnesia and an unresolved guilt.
C)bodily complaints with no physical cause.
D)preoccupation with thoughts and repetitive behavior.

Question 78

Aaron has had to reschedule his voice recital four times. Each time on the day before his recital, he loses his voice. Aaron's doctor CANNOT find anything that could physically cause Aaron to lose his voice. Thus, psychological factors appear to underlie Aaron's symptoms, which indicates that Aaron most likely has a disorder within which DSM-5 category?

A)neurocognitive disorders
B)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
C)somatic symptom and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 79

In which DSM-5 category do some of the disorders involve feelings of panic, while others take the form of phobias and still others involve a state of overwhelming nervousness?

A)anxiety disorders
B)somatic symptom and related disorders
C)bipolar and related disorders
D)dissociative disorders

Question 80

Mark spends unusual amounts of time washing his hands, while Cary is always counting his heartbeats whenever he is nervous. Their symptoms are characteristic of which category of disorders?

A)obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
B)neurocognitive disorders
C)schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
D)dissociative disorders