Deck 13: Juvenile Justice: Then and Now

Question 1

Prevention programs focus on addressing those risk factors for delinquency that juveniles may face. ​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Intervention programs are focused on teenage youths considered to be at higher risk for engaging in petty delinquency acts, using drugs or alcohol, or associating with antisocial peers. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Status offenders are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal code. ​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The child savers' movement spurred states to develop specialized educational facilities for juvenile delinquents called halfway houses. ​

Question 5

Juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trial. ​

Question 6

A person or child in need of supervision is called a delinquent offender. ​

Question 7

In 1912, the U.S. Children's Bureau was formed as the first state child welfare agency. ​

Question 8

The House of Refuge was a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment. ​

Question 9

By segregating delinquent children from adult offenders, society has placed greater importance on the delinquent being a child rather than being a criminal. ​

Question 10

Urbanization created a growing number of at-risk youth in the nation's rural areas. ​

Question 11

The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children were organizations whose focus was on protecting children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school. ​

Question 12

Determining whether a child is to be remanded to a shelter or released is the purpose of the detention hearing. ​

Question 13

Teen courts are geared toward young juveniles with no prior arrest records who are charged with minor law violations. ​

Question 14

Delinquent expresses were sealed trains that transported urban youth to rural areas for compulsory manual labor farms. ​

Question 15

Crime control advocates suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community groups and social service agencies. ​

Question 16

The belief that juvenile offenders should be held accountable as adult transgressors was one motivating principle behind the Illinois Juvenile Court Act. ​

Question 17

Intermediate sanctions generally target repeat minor offenders with sanctions such as probation. ​

Question 18

The adjudication is the trial stage of the juvenile court process. ​

Question 19

A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy focuses on delinquency prevention as well as expanding options for handling juvenile offenders. ​

Question 20

Verdicts in the Illinois Juvenile Court Act relied upon the stricter standard (i.e., beyond a reasonable doubt) to determine the guilt of a juvenile offender. ​

Question 21

Trains in which urban youths were sent West for adoption with local farm couples were called ______. ​

A)freedom trains
B)orphan trains
C)children's trains
D)refuge trains

Question 22

_____ refers to a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment. ​

A)The House of Refuge
B)Settlement houses
C)Reform schools
D)Group homes

Question 23

When the juvenile court was first created, _____ was the standard of proof required to adjudicate a child delinquent.

A)beyond a reasonable doubt
B)probable cause
C)clear and convincing
D)preponderance of the evidence

Question 24

The first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established in _____. ​

A)1850
B)1874
C)1899
D)1911

Question 25

In _____ , the Court held that the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by the suspicionless drug testing of all students choosing to participate in interscholastic athletics. ​

A)New Jersey v. T.L.O.
B)Vernonia School District v. Acton
C)Kent v. United States
D)Thompson v. Oklahoma

Question 26

According to the text, status offenders are defined as _____. ​

A)children who commit an act that would be classified as a crime if they were adults
B)children who have been adjudicated delinquent
C)children in need of supervision
D)children who are abused/neglected and commit crimes to survive

Question 27

A typical resident of the House of Refuge devoted most of his or her time to _____.

A) education ​
B)religious instruction
C)supervised labor
D)vocational training

Question 28

What do judges generally do with repeat juvenile offenders who are deemed untreatable by juvenile authorities? ​

A)The court sentences the juvenile to a detention center until they are 21.
B)The child is transferred to adult court.
C)The child remains in juvenile court.
D)The court declines to prosecute this type of child and refers him or her to an adult treatment facility.

Question 29

The creation of the House of Refuge was largely due to the efforts of the _____. ​

A)Quakers
B)Mormons
C)Catholics
D)Protestants

Question 30

Child saving organizations influenced the _____ to enact laws giving courts the power to commit children who were runaways or criminal offenders to specialized institutions. ​

A)state legislatures
B)federal government
C)local governments
D)state judiciary

Question 31

What was the purpose of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children? ​

A)To prevent delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools
B)To take children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie
C)To remove abused and neglected children from their homes and assist the court in making placement decisions
D)To place abused children on orphan trains to be sent West

Question 32

_____ determined that a child has due process rights, such as having an attorney present at waiver hearings. ​

A)New Jersey v. T.L.O.
B)Vernonia School District v. Acton
C)Kent v. United States
D)Thompson v. Oklahoma

Question 33

The _____ created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. ​

A)Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899
B)Omnibus Safe Streets and Crime Control Act
C)Crime Prevention and Control Act of 1950
D)Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974

Question 34

What is known as a reduction in charges in adult criminal court is known as _____ in juvenile court.

A)adjudication
B)petition
C)substitution
D)adjustment

Question 35

_____ describes the activities of the Children's Aid Society. ​

A)A child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie
B)A child saving organization that took children away from abusive parents and placed them in shelters
C)The organization, created by the child savers, whose primary focus was on preventing delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools
D)The organization, created by the Quakers, to prevent children from being abused by punishing the parents by criminally prosecuting them

Question 36

_____ determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to school searches. ​

A)New Jersey v. T.L.O.
B)Vernonia School District v. Acton
C)Kent v. United States
D)Thompson v. Oklahoma

Question 37

The criminal trial is called a _____ in the juvenile justice system. ​

A)hearing
B)fact finding session
C)mediation
D)junior trial

Question 38

The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in _____.

A)1850
B)1899
C)1920
D)1945

Question 39

What percentage of children arrested are referred to the juvenile court? ​

A)33%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 40

_____ was instrumental in the development of the Children's Aid Society. ​

A)Oliver Wendell Holmes
B)Charles Loring Brace
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Mark Paul Gosselaar

Question 41

The organization that protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school was called the _____. ​

Question 42

An example of an organization involved in prevention programs would be _____. ​

A)the Boys and Girls Club
B)Job Corps
C)Head Start
D)YouthBuild U.S.A.

Question 43

This group would prefer that the courts scale back their judicial role and transfer their functions to community groups and social service agencies. ​

A)child savers
B)child advocates
C)crime control advocates
D)children's aid societies

Question 44

The type of program designed to ward off involvement in more serious delinquency is called _____. ​

A)intervention
B)prevention
C)reformation
D)adjudication

Question 45

The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called the _____. ​

Question 46

_____ refers to the trial stage of the juvenile court process. ​

A)Adjudication
B)Disposition
C)Waiver hearing
D)Detention hearing

Question 47

_____ is the procedure of separating adjudicatory and disposition hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each. ​

Question 48

The _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution places limitations on police interrogation procedures. ​

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth

Question 49

The most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders is referred to as _____. ​

A)incarceration
B)wilderness camp
C)residential treatment facility
D)probation

Question 50

Secure pretrial holding facilities for juveniles are called ____. ​

A)boot camps
B)detention centers
C)jails
D)secure group homes

Question 51

Community-based diversion and day treatment are types of graduated sanctions for which type of offender? ​

Question 52

_____ children are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal code. ​

Question 53

_____ advocates want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with serious crimes and liberalize the prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts. ​

Question 54

______ is the juvenile equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders. ​

Question 55

One similarity between the adult and juvenile justice systems is the _____. ​

A)use of attorneys
B)primacy of the Miranda warning
C)role of juries
D)emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of an organization that would not be involved in intervention programs? ​

A) the Boys and Girls Club ​
B)Job Corps
C)Head Start
D)YouthBuild U.S.A.

Question 57

_____ suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community groups and social service agencies. ​

Question 58

Because of the movement to toughen the juvenile justice system, which statement is true? ​

A)The emphasis is on mollycoddling juveniles to "scare them strait."
B)The role of treatment has been greatly diminished.
C)The deterrent value of juvenile justice is to be reduced.
D)Treatment is now emphasized over punishment.

Question 59

_____ is the first step in the juvenile justice process. ​

Question 60

The ______ is the oldest federal agency for children in the United States. ​

Question 61

Compare and contrast the similarities between the juvenile and adult systems. ​

Question 62

Unlike adult proceedings, juvenile proceedings are not considered ____. ​

Question 63

Secure pretrial holding facilities are called _____. ​

Question 64

Discuss the findings of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel on Juvenile Crime in regard to prevention and intervention programs. Do you agree or disagree with the panel? Explain. ​

Question 65

Discuss intervention programs, providing examples. ​

Question 66

A ____ court cannot sentence juveniles to county jails or state prisons, as these are reserved for adults only. ​

Question 67

Discuss the child saving movement. ​

Question 68

Discuss prevention programs in regard to risk factors faced by young children. Do you think these are viable programs for preventing delinquency? Explain your view. ​

Question 69

Discuss the impact of urbanization on delinquency in the late eighteenth to early twentieth century. ​

Question 70

The current juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of offenders: _____ and _____. ​

Question 71

At-risk youths would be best served by a(n) ____ strategy, which would address their particular risk factors. ​

Question 72

The federal agency created to administer grants and provide guidance for crime prevention policy and programs is the _____. ​

Question 73

_____ want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with a serious crime and liberalize the prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts. ​

Question 74

According to the text, teen courts may also encourage communities to take a more active role in responding to juvenile justice. Discuss the four potential benefits outlined in the text in regard to teen court. ​

Question 75

Under the_____ philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are informal and nonadversarial. ​

Question 76

In Kent v. United States , the Supreme Court ruled that a child has _____ rights, such as the right to have an attorney present. ​

Question 77

Discuss the juvenile justice process, including a brief description of each step in the process. ​

Question 78

Discuss the conflicting values in juvenile justice. ​

Question 79

Immediate and intermediate sanctions vary in their severity (probation versus incarceration, for example).  This strategy, in which a variety of sanctions are available, is called _____ sanctions. ​

Question 80

Discuss the Illinois Juvenile Court Act, including the key provisions of the act. ​