Deck 16: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community-Treatment, and Institutionalization

Question 1

Probation for juvenile offenders occurs when they are closely monitored by an officer of the court and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration. ​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes, called restitution, is the most widely used form of restitution in the United States. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Monetary restitution is when the juvenile offender is required to provide some service directly to the crime victim.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A reform school is an example of a secure juvenile correctional facility.

Question 5

Movement toward a community-based treatment approach to juvenile offenders began in Massachusetts.

Question 6

Balanced probation is based on the idea that juvenile offenders must take responsibility for their actions.

Question 7

A probation sentence implies a contract between the court and the juvenile.

Question 8

The national custody rate of African Americans is nearly five times higher than the custody rates for Whites.

Question 9

Most juveniles are housed in private institutions administered by private agencies.

Question 10

Facilities for female juvenile offenders generally are better run and offer more opportunities and freedoms than those of male institutions. ​

Question 11

Most status offenders are housed in private institutions.

Question 12

Most juvenile offenders diagnosed with a mental disorder receive treatment.

Question 13

The arresting officer is involved in all four stages of the court process and writes the predisposition report.

Question 14

Probation orders are the rules and regulations mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way.

Question 15

Crime as an offense against human relationships is one of the seven core values of restorative justice.

Question 16

The least restrictive alternative doctrine stipulates that programs should be chosen with the least restrictive setting that would still be in the best interest of the child. ​

Question 17

Probation is a punitive legal disposition for delinquent youths.

Question 18

Highly structured counseling in which a therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment to society is called reality therapy. ​

Question 19

Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back to the central office.

Question 20

Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in electronic monitoring programs than in traditional programs.

Question 21

Which is not one of the duties of a juvenile probation officer?

A)Interview and collect social service data
B)Patrol communities
C)Write predisposition reports
D)Provide special services, such as group therapy

Question 22

In Santana v. Callazo, the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a suit brought by residents at the Maricao Juvenile Camp in Puerto Rico on the grounds that the administration had

A)kept them incarcerated past their 18th birthday.
B)not provided adequate meals.
C)unfairly limited medical care.
D)failed to provide them with an individualized rehabilitation plan or adequate treatment.

Question 23

_____ is one of the most common treatment approaches, and virtually all juvenile institutions use it to some degree.

A)Behavior modification
B)Milieu therapy
C)Positive peer culture
D)Individual counseling

Question 24

A nonpunitive strategy for delinquency control that attempts to address the issues that produce conflict between two parties and reconcile the parties is referred to as _____.

A)step programming
B)restorative justice
C)innovative justice
D)therapeutic programming

Question 25

Which is not one of the four stages of the juvenile court process?

A)Intake
B)Outtake
C)Predisposition
D)Postadjudicatioin

Question 26

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the offender's proven dangerousness outweighed the possible effects of rehabilitation, thereby placing limits on the right to treatment.

A)Ralston v. Robinson
B)Santana v. Callazo
C)Morales v. Turman
D)Nelson v. Heyne

Question 27

The least restrictive alternative in deciding incarceration options for status offenders is defined as

A)a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for society.
B)a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for the child.
C)a program with the least secure setting that would be best for society.
D)a program with the least secure setting that would be best for the child.

Question 28

Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender are called _____.

A)therapeutic programming
B)restorative justice
C)innovative justice
D)balanced probation

Question 29

The _____ prepares the social investigation or the predisposition report for the court.

A)judge
B)juvenile probation officer
C)prosecutor
D)juvenile's parents/guardians

Question 30

Institutions in which educational and psychological services are used in an effort to improve the conduct of juveniles who are forcibly detained are called _____.

A)foster homes
B)houses of refuge
C)reform schools
D)cottage systems

Question 31

______ provide for juveniles who are orphans or whose parents cannot care for them to be placed with families who provide the attention, guidance, and care they did not receive at home.

A)Group homes
B)Foster care programs
C)Family group homes
D)Rural programs

Question 32

_____ is the most widely used method of restitution in the United States.

A)Monetary restitution
B)Victim service restitution
C)Community service restitution
D)Independent restitution

Question 33

The first House of Refuge was established in _____.

A)Boston
B)New York
C)Chicago
D)New Orleans

Question 34

Efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need is called _____________.

A)community treatment
B)rehabilitation
C)community watch
D)community guidance

Question 35

A ____ is where juveniles are required to stay at home during specified periods of time.

A)home stay
B)house arrest
C)home school
D)domestic restraint

Question 36

Correctional centers designed especially for juveniles by federal, state, and county governments are called _____________.

A)juvenile jails
B)institutional treatment facilities
C)community treatment facilities
D)community prisons

Question 37

The process and experience of the transition of juveniles from juvenile and adult correctional settings back into schools, families, communities, and society at large is referred to as _____.

A)parole
B)integration
C)probation
D)reentry

Question 38

The belief often espoused by courts that juvenile offenders have a statutory right to treatment while under the jurisdiction of the courts is called _____________. ​

A)restorative justice
B)balanced treatment
C)right to rehabilitation
D)right to treatment

Question 39

Which of the following is not one of the functions within juvenile corrections offered by treatment facilities?

A)Boot camps
B)Aftercare
C)Training schools
D)Drug treatment

Question 40

_____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates' environment part of their treatment and to minimize differences between custodial staff and treatment personnel.

A)Milieu therapy
B)Community treatment
C)Guided group interactions
D)Behavior modification

Question 41

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical resident in a juvenile facility?

A)Ethnic minority
B)Roughly 15 or 16 years of age
C)Male
D)Female

Question 42

The monitoring of juvenile offenders by continuously sending a signal back to the central office is an example of what type of electronic monitoring?

A)Active
B)Passive
C)Noninvasive
D)Intrusive

Question 43

Which explanation offered does not address the wide variation of state-level juvenile custody rates?  The states with high rates have _____________.

A)high rates of juvenile property crime and adult violent crime
B)a cultural acceptance of punitive policies
C)higher adult custody rates
D)more children than other states

Question 44

_____ include forestry camps, ranches, and farms that provide recreational activities or work for juveniles.

Question 45

Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency and individualized attention is called _____________.

A)balanced probation
B)general accountability
C)formal probation
D)aftercare

Question 46

Highly structured counseling in which a skilled therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment to society is referred to as _____.

Question 47

_____ is the most common of all juvenile dispositions, though its use has decreased somewhat in the last decade.

Question 48

Transitional assistance to juveniles to help youths adjust to community life is referred to as _____.

Question 49

A requirement that juvenile offenders compensate victims of crime for property damages, lost wages, and medical expenses is called _____________.

A)monetary restitution
B)community service restitution
C)victim service restitution
D)just desserts restitution

Question 50

Though juvenile institutions have improved dramatically over the decades, roughly what percentage of these institutions reported being at capacity or overcrowded?

A)10%
B)50%
C)5%
D)25%

Question 51

Programs involving outdoor expeditions that provide opportunities for juveniles to confront the difficulties of their lives while achieving positive personal satisfaction are called ________________.

Question 52

Which is not one of the values common in male residential juvenile facilities?

A)Exploit whomever you can.
B)Don't rat on your peers.
C)Don't give in to others.
D)Play up to staff.

Question 53

The requirement that juvenile offenders assist worthwhile local groups for a period of time is called _____________.

A)monetary restitution
B)community service restitution
C)victim service restitution
D)just desserts restitution

Question 54

A technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments is referred to as ______.

Question 55

Housing 20 to 40 juvenile offenders in a compound containing a series of small bungalows was called _____.

A)foster homes
B)the houses of refuge
C)reform schools
D)the cottage system

Question 56

Random phone calls generated by a computer in which the juvenile offender must respond within a specified time is an example of what type of electronic monitoring?

A)Active
B)Passive
C)Noninvasive
D)Intrusive

Question 57

Juveniles who are orphaned or whose parents cannot care for them and are therefore placed with families who provide them care are part of a ____ program.

Question 58

Most status offenders are held in _____ facilities.

Question 59

______ is based on the idea that the juvenile offender is not a threat to the community and has a better chance of being rehabilitated in the community. ​

Question 60

A reduction in the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or otherwise punished is known as a(n)_______________. ​

Question 61

Discuss educational, vocational, and recreational programs used in the treatment of juvenile offenders. Describe how these programs are beneficial to juveniles.

Question 62

A true alternative to incarceration that involves almost daily supervision of the juvenile by the probation officer assigned to the case is called _______________.

Question 63

_____ are juvenile programs that combine get-tough elements from adult programs with education, substance abuse, and other programs. ​

Question 64

_____ guidelines are the recommended length of confinement and kinds of aftercare assistance most effective for a juvenile who has committed a specific offense.

Question 65

Distinguish between community treatment and institutional treatment of juvenile offenders.

Question 66

_____ are nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living.

Question 67

Describe the history of juvenile institutions.

Question 68

___ is a form of counseling that emphasizes current behavior and requires the individual to accept responsibility for all of his or her actions. ​

Question 69

Describe wilderness probation programs. Do you believe these programs have value? Why or why not?

Question 70

The rules mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way is called the _____.

Question 71

A _____ is a combination of foster care and a group home in which a juvenile is placed in a private group run by a single family.

Question 72

Discuss the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model, including the five basic principles.

Question 73

What differences regarding female institutions are addressed in the text? Discuss the American Bar Association and the National Bar Association's recommendations for changes regarding female juveniles in institutions.

Question 74

What is restorative justice? Discuss the seven core values that characterize restorative justice.

Question 75

The process and experience of returning to society upon release from a custodial facility postadjudication is called _____.

Question 76

___ is a form of counseling through which counselors help juveniles understand and solve their current adjustment  problems.

Question 77

Discuss the disposition of probation, including how it is administered and by whom and recent trends in use.

Question 78

Probation is often the disposition of choice, especially for ____ offenders.

Question 79

Describe behavior modification and its effect on recidivism.