Deck 11: Modernization and Expansion, 1828-1848

Question 1

For the majority of immigrants, what factors led to their seeking new lives in the United States?

A)family connections in America
B)political structure of the US
C)famine and political upheaval at home
D)development of urbanization and factories

Answer 1

famine and political upheaval at home

Question 2

Free black girls and women

A)had plenty of opportunities as skilled laborers in the Upper South.
B)Often became cooks, seamstresses, washers, or ran small groceries and taverns.
C)were banned from well-paid occupations like midwifery, folk healing, or prostitution.
D)enjoyed much better prospects than free black men in the Upper South.

Answer 2

Often became cooks, seamstresses, washers, or ran small groceries and taverns.

Question 3

Slave cabins were typically

A)four rooms with a wooden floor.
B)home to three or more families.
C)occupied by five or six people.
D)located several miles away from the planter's house.

Answer 3

occupied by five or six people.

Question 4

Most southern farmers

A)owned no slaves.
B)fell into the category of the planter class.
C)found slavery unprofitable.
D)needed large landholdings to turn a profit.

Question 5

The typical planter's wife

A)worked in the fields with her slaves.
B)legally had an equal share in the estate with her husband.
C)was heavily involved in managing the day-to-day affairs of the plantation.
D)spent most of her time preparing for grand balls and other festive occasions.

Question 6

Common white people in the South often expressed their dissatisfaction with the slave-holding local planter elite by

A)helping slaves escape.
B)openly rebelling against their superiors.
C)moving North.
D)voting.

Question 7

By 1820, the new dependence on a single crop of cotton changed the outlook of all of the following, EXCEPT:

A)slaves
B)free blacks
C)poor whites
D)Plains Indians

Question 8

About what proportion of southern white families owned no slaves?

A)1/10
B)1/3
C)2/3
D)9/10

Question 9

Free blacks in the South

A)faced laws restricting their activities.
B)were forbidden to associate with whites.
C)lived in well-established communities.
D)enjoyed legal protection against physical abuse from whites.

Question 10

The typical slaveholder

A)lived on a grand scale, upholding a culture of chivalry.
B)looked upon slaves less as workers and more as status symbols.
C)owned fewer than 10 slaves.
D)was actually poorer than the typical nonslaveholder.

Question 11

What resulted from the influx of laborers from the depressed countryside and of foreign immigrants?

A)Wages and incentives for factory workers were wiped out.
B)Working and living conditions improved for laborers.
C)Mill owners locked some workers out of employment.
D)More people left the cities to make a living on the farm.

Question 12

The average slave diet included

A)wild roots, berries, and vegetables.
B)meat, milk, and corn.
C)potatoes, beans, and fish.
D)All of these choices.

Question 13

How profitable was slavery?

A)In general, planters would have been better off freeing their slaves and hiring them back.
B)On the best quality cotton land, most planters made a profit; otherwise, most slaveholders lost money.
C)Large-scale planters' return on their investment was roughly equal to what factory owners were making.
D)Slavery was so profitable that thousands of industrialists in the North were selling out each year to invest in cotton plantations.

Question 14

How did most slaves come to the Cotton Belt, and where did they arrive from?

A)They were smuggled in from Africa.
B)They were purchased in slave auctions in Cuba.
C)They were imported from Brazil.
D)They came from the plantations of former tobacco, rice, and sugar growers.

Question 15

The "American System of Manufacturing" refers to the use of

A)high-wage, high-skilled labor.
B)interchangeable parts.
C)domestically produced materials.
D)highly protective tariffs.

Question 16

An example of how interchangeable parts manufacturing reduced the cost of household items was that more people could now purchase

A)steam engines.
B)books.
C)canned food.
D)clocks.

Question 17

Early company towns looked to which group to provide labor?

A)Immigrants
B)Young women
C)Families
D)Single men

Question 18

How did new processes for producing textiles change how people dressed in the 1830s and 1840s?

A)they wore more home-made clothing
B)most people wore ready-made clothing
C)home-made clothing increased in quantity and decreased in price
D)better quality fabric became more expensive so most wore cheap grades of cloth

Question 19

Which statement best describes punishments in the slave South?

A)Southern slave codes protected slaves from excessive beatings.
B)Slaveholders rarely beat their slaves, not out of kindness, but because it would interfere with production.
C)Masters regularly beat their slaves, sometimes even when it meant a serious financial loss.
D)Masters on large plantations were brutal; on the smaller farms, where there were fewer slaves, slaveholders treated their slaves much better.

Question 20

Early factories in New England sought labor from what element of the population?

A)slaves
B)unmarried farm girls
C)immigrants from Ireland
D)young males seeking their first job

Question 21

Whose message via telegraph stating, "What hath God wrought!" began the revolution in telecommunications in the United States?

A)Eli Whitney
B)Samuel F. B. Morse
C)Samuel Slater
D)Jame Lowell

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Jarena Lee

Question 23

Areas of North America under Spanish and later Mexican control exhibited

A)indications of economic growth.
B)diverse populations.
C)strong interest in becoming part of the United States.
D)cultural backwardness.

Question 24

All of the following is true about genteel families in the 1830s and 1840s, EXCEPT:

A)The movement of workers out of the owners' homes permitted a genteel lifestyle for the emerging elite class.
B)Genteel families aimed at the complete separation of their private and public lives.
C)Genteel families were fond of the popular theater, but found opera companies too highbrow and elitist.
D)Men in the manufacturing elite class spent their leisure time differently than their workers.

Question 25

The Mormons ultimately moved to the Great Salt Lake because

A)they were relentlessly harassed everywhere else they had settled.
B)they believed it was to be the site of Christ's return to Earth.
C)the area offered excellent farmland.
D)the federal government offered them the land in exchange for dropping lawsuits against authorities in Illinois.

Question 26

Which of the following is the most accurate description of steam technology in the transportation revolution of the antebellum years?

A)Its impact on the South and West was staggering.
B)It made many railroad networks redundant.
C)It had little impact on economic development.
D)The technology proved too costly to implement until the 1890s.

Question 27

Besides forming groups that brought people together for companionship, members of the new middle class also used their organizing skills

A)to press for reform.
B)to work more efficiently on the job.
C)for planning and zoning cities.
D)to develop a system of scientific management in the home.

Question 28

The most notable cultural distinction between the new wave of immigrants and native-born Americans was

A)religion.
B)commitment to democracy.
C)attitudes toward work.
D)the newcomers' staunch prohibition against liquor.

Question 29

The cult of domesticity for women entailed

A)reading good and entertaining books.
B)attending to one's wardrobe.
C)the permissible practice of working part-time jobs to help with the family's expenses.
D)centering their lives on their homes and their children.

Question 30

One of the effects of the new urban and industrial lifestyle among the middle-class was

A)anxiety about holding their job.
B)associating with new immigrants from Europe.
C)freedom to choose where to work.
D)the development of an apprentice system of advancement.

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
antebellum

Question 32

An effect of combining machinery and workers conducting repetitive tasks in factories was

A)development of new professions.
B)great efficiency and job satisfaction.
C)higher wages due to growing skills and expertise.
D)an increase in workplace injuries and deaths.

Question 33

Which statement about roads in the 1830s is most accurate?

A)They connected the East Coast and the Pacific Ocean.
B)They had replaced canals as the chief method for hauling freight.
C)They were well suited for small goods but not for large bulky goods.
D)Private capital, not government dollars, was responsible for their construction.

Question 34

A new career for middle-class women who did not seek marriage right away was to serve for a time as a

A)household textile maker.
B)factory worker.
C)teacher.
D)bookkeeper.

Question 35

New immigrants typically settled

A)on small farms.
B)near factories where they could find employment as skilled laborers.
C)in southern towns, where there were labor shortages due to the reliance on agriculture.
D)in neighborhoods with populations of similar background.

Question 36

Middle-class men and women usually

A)married as young as possible.
B)sought to build large families.
C)yearned to escape the city for work on the farm.
D)put off marriage to establish themselves.

Question 37

Which statement most accurately compares railroads and water-based transportation in 1850?

A)Water transportation worked much more efficiently in the winter than rail transportation.
B)Railroads had surpassed canals as a hauler of freight.
C)Unlike canals, there was no coherent network that connected individual railroads.
D)Railroad transportation was considerably safer than canal transportation.

Question 38

One of the earliest applications of steam railroad technology was established between what two cities?

A)Buffalo and Erie, New York
B)Baltimore and Ohio
C)New York and Lowell, Massachusetts
D)Charleston and Hamburg, South Carolina

Question 39

What proportion of the land titles in the Mexican province of Texas went to non-Hispanics?

A)half
B)two-thirds
C)four-fifths
D)95 percent

Question 40

One distinguishing characteristic of the new white collar workers was their

A)ambition.
B)willingness to work hard.
C)relative youth.
D)dislike for farmwork.

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Journeyman

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Noblesse oblige

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Tejanos

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Field hand

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Voluntary associations

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Brigham Young

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Putting out system

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
fraternal organizations

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
interchangeable parts

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Electric telegraph

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Cult of domesticity

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Blue collar workers

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Free blacks

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Cotton belt

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Oregon Trail

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Tenements

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Joseph Smith, Jr.

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Slave code

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
John Sutter

Question 60

How did economic transformations trigger social changes?

Question 61

Ask students to consider the impact of industrialization on families and women.

Question 62

Compare the material and nonmaterial conditions of slaves and of urban industrial workers.

Question 63

Compare the institution of marriage among the planter class in the South and the northern white-collar class.

Question 64

How did the American working class change during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 65

To what extent was the planters' image of themselves as chivalrous paternalistic cavaliers an accurate description?