Deck 12: Responses to Expansion and Change, 1828-1848

Question 1

At its core, transcendentalism reinforced the idea of the uniqueness of

A)protestant religion.
B)the collective community.
C)the government.
D)the individual.

Answer 1

the individual.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the cultural lives of slaves?

A)It was virtually nonexistent, given the harsh realities of slavery.
B)It was entirely defined by the needs of the masters.
C)It developed entirely in America, once slaves were stripped of their African traditions.
D)It maintained significant survivals of African traditions.

Answer 2

It maintained significant survivals of African traditions.

Question 3

Perhaps the most radical of the transcendentalists was

A)Harriet Beecher Stowe.
B)Henry David Thoreau.
C)Walt Whitman.
D)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Answer 3

Henry David Thoreau.

Question 4

Brook Farm was established based upon the socialist ideas of

A)Charles Fourier.
B)Joseph Smith, Jr.
C)Theodore Frelinghuysen.
D)Brigham Young.

Question 5

The Hudson River school was distinguished by

A)rigid attempts at representing scenes precisely as they appeared.
B)exaggerated representations of the American landscape.
C)its emphasis on classical techniques.
D)representing common people engaging in everyday tasks.

Question 6

Ralph Waldo Emerson believed that religion and truth could be understood only through

A)rational processes.
B)seeing God in all aspects of creation.
C)the creation of a strong institutional church.
D)working among the poorest of society.

Question 7

Nat Turner

A)led a bloody slave revolt.
B)established the first congregation for African American Methodists.
C)escaped from slavery and toured the North describing his experiences.
D)was the son of a slave mother and a white father who inherited 75 slaves.

Question 8

What unique entertainment venue did urban workers seek that presented fast-paced music and raucous comedy as a way to ease the stress of life?

A)minstrel shows
B)high-brow opera
C)comedy emporiums
D)circuses

Question 9

Romanticism

A)involved the extreme desire for wealth.
B)declared that there is no salvation outside the one true universal Church.
C)involved being born again by the Holy Spirit.
D)emphasized emotion and imagination over rationality.

Question 10

Most slaves expressed discontent with their condition through what kind of action?

A)armed revolt
B)discussions with the master
C)passive resistance
D)preaching

Question 11

George Bancroft's writing focused on

A)the history of ordinary people.
B)strong leaders with a divine sense of purpose.
C)social struggles in American society.
D)military history.

Question 12

During a trip to London, Elizabeth Cady Stanton met William Lloyd Garrison and Lucretia Mott while attending

A)a church service.
B)the World Anti-Slavery Convention.
C)a women's voting rights meeting.
D)Oxford University.

Question 13

The case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)ruled that

A)women must be paid at the same rate as men if they perform the same work.
B)if a business went bankrupt, workers would be paid before other creditors.
C)a state law limiting work to ten hours per day was unconstitutional.
D)workers have a right to organize unions and to go on strike.

Question 14

Before the Civil War, how did working-class men amuse themselves?

A)They watched baseball when it was warm and football when it was cold.
B)Most of their leisure time was spent in church or on church-related activities.
C)Drinking was their favorite social distraction.
D)They preferred quiet evenings at home with their families.

Question 15

A unique aspect of utopianism practiced by John Humphrey Noyes at the Oneida Community was

A)specialized skills in farming.
B)the sanctity of individual property.
C)a dedication to steam power in all aspects of life.
D)group marriage and free love.

Question 16

Owenites

A)criticized organized religion.
B)shied away from radical causes.
C)believed in work as the sole purpose of life.
D)tried to shield themselves from modern industry like textile factories.

Question 17

The estimated number of slaves who escaped the South every year is

A)50
B)100
C)1,000
D)10,000

Question 18

George Bancroft's history of the United States suggested that all of the following middle class qualities were the essence of the American experience and character, EXCEPT:

A)individualism
B)self-sufficiency
C)a passionate love of liberty
D)communalism.

Question 19

Why was there a steady increase in the number of strikes during the 1830s?

A)The courts ruled that strikes against employers were legal.
B)More women were entering the workforce.
C)Slaves were taking strikers' jobs.
D)In large part, workers were reacting to increased mechanization.

Question 20

By the 1850s, the literacy rate of white Americans was about

A)25 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)80 percent.
D)95 percent.

Question 21

In 1836, how did Congress react to the rising tide of abolitionism?

A)By ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
B)By banning slavery in the territories
C)By passing a "bill of rights" for slaves
D)By passing a gag rule forbidding Congress to address the abolition of slavery

Question 22

Whigs

A)opposed Henry Clay's call for strong government.
B)advocated for the American System in economics.
C)attracted only Northerners.
D)detested the antimasonic movement.

Question 23

Most reformers in the first half of the nineteenth century believed that

A)hard work, discipline, and solitude would put criminals on the path to productive lives.
B)the middle class should have as little to do with the poor as possible.
C)the working class should organize and rise up in revolt.
D)they could learn a lot from the poor.

Question 24

Why did Andrew Jackson's opponents start calling themselves "Whigs"?

A)Because "Whig" refers to honest men, they used the term to criticize Jackson's corruption.
B)Because "Whig" refers to individuals with courage, they used the term to mock Jackson's backing down over the nullification controversy.
C)Because "Whig" refers to Patriots, they used the term to distinguish themselves from Jackson's pro-British policies.
D)Because "Whig" refers to opponents of the king, they used the term to critique "King Andrew" Jackson's growing presidential power.

Question 25

The Second Great Awakening

A)led to a growth in the traditional church organizations.
B)caused Baptists and Methodists to join their congregations.
C)prompted church splits over seemingly petty hypothetical questions.
D)prompted most denominations to challenge the separation of church and state.

Question 26

Voter turnout in the election of 1840

A)reached an all-time low.
B)was about average for elections during that era.
C)slightly increased over the previous election.
D)was at an all-time high.

Question 27

Whig Party supporters

A)advocated strong government.
B)backed states' rights.
C)wanted to eliminate tariffs altogether.
D)were all abolitionists.

Question 28

Soon after taking office in 1837, Martin Van Buren's administration was hurt by a

A)sex scandal.
B)split in his party.
C)collapse of the economy.
D)near-war with Britain.

Question 29

Horace Mann believed that one of the purposes of public education should be to

A)instill the classical education of the ancient Greeks.
B)train a small elite for government service.
C)teach immigrants the values of middle-class America.
D)challenge traditional thinking and authority.

Question 30

Dorothea Dix was a pioneer in the movement for

A)mental health reform.
B)public education.
C)abolition.
D)temperance.

Question 31

How did the Second Great Awakening view the role of women?

A)Women should be concerned only with the spiritual lives of their families.
B)Women were spiritually inferior to men.
C)Women should not take leadership roles in religion.
D)Women could be important agents for change in society.

Question 32

The missionary activism that accompanied the Second Great Awakening

A)merged with the reforming inclination among genteel and middle-class Americans.
B)ran against the grain of the individualistic, profit-oriented middle class.
C)was most pronounced among working-class immigrants.
D)rarely overlapped with social reform movements.

Question 33

The Specie Circular contributed to the Panic of 1837 because it

A)increased inflation.
B)lowered interest rates.
C)encouraged rampant speculation.
D)greatly reduced the amount of currency in circulation.

Question 34

William Lloyd Garrison advocated

A)gradually emancipating slaves, once they were converted to Christianity.
B)immediately emancipating slaves with no compensation for slaveholders.
C)encouraging slaves to volunteer to resettle in Africa to spread Christianity.
D)encouraging slaveholders to treat their slaves as humanely as possible.

Question 35

The new spirit that came to life in American politics and rhetoric in the years after 1840 found expression in the phrase

A)"Freedom Now"
B)"Manifest Destiny"
C)"Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men"
D)"Forty Acres and a Mule"

Question 36

Which statement best describes Charles G. Finney's preaching style?

A)He tried to convert people the way that an attorney would try to move a jury.
B)He merely read from the Bible and allowed his assistants to do the work.
C)He was calm and rational and merely explained his theological points.
D)He brought a parade of the sick and lame up to the pulpit and "healed" them.

Question 37

Why did the Whig Party nominate William Henry Harrison as its presidential candidate in 1840?

A)He had a distinguished military record.
B)He was governor of a key midwestern state.
C)He was the country's best known political stump speaker.
D)He was a wealthy industrialist who appealed to the pro-business elements of the party.

Question 38

The American Colonization Society

A)was rooted in economic pragmatism.
B)was rooted in a commitment to racial equality.
C)advocated civil rights for African Americans.
D)proposed the annexation of Mexico for the settlement of freed American slaves.

Question 39

What issue did the Whigs use to attack Martin Van Buren in the election of 1840?

A)His role in creating the Panic of 1837
B)The Nullification Crisis
C)They portrayed him as an aristocrat, out of touch with the common man.
D)Van Buren's opposition to slavery

Question 40

Martin Van Buren's nickname which reflected his skill at organizing political alliances was

A)the Organizer.
B)the Boss.
C)the Little Magician.
D)the Whig Magician.

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Henry David Thoreau

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Nat Turner

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
passive resistance

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Hudson River School

Question 45

During the Texas Revolution most Americans defending this outpost were massacred by the forces of Mexican general Santa Anna...

A)the Citadel
B)the Alamo
C)the Rio Grande
D)the Velasco

Question 46

What did a Whig newspaper in 1848 call "the most shocking and unnatural event ever recorded in the history of womanity"?

A)the right of women to vote in the next election
B)the right of women to attend college
C)the Declaration of Sentiments of Seneca Falls
D)allowing women to work in textile factories

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
minstrel shows

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
New Harmony

Question 49

The United States declined to annex Texas following its independence because

A)many feared it would lead to war with Spain.
B)annexation would reopen the issue of expanding slavery.
C)Congress could not afford to assume Texas's debts.
D)few Americans saw anything of value in the territory.

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
James Fenimore Cooper

Question 51

James K. Polk

A)secured the Democratic presidential nomination because of his opposition to slavery.
B)vowed to cooperate with the British on the Oregon issue.
C)was barely known outside Tennessee.
D)emphasized economic policies.

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Romanticism

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
transcendentalism

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Commonwealth v. Hunt

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
George Bancroft

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 57

What stood in the way of the nation's perceived manifest destiny?

A)The weak American economy
B)Religious conflict in the United States
C)The large number of immigrants
D)Other countries and people already owning large parts of the North American continent

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Shoemakers' strike

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
utopian

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
National Trades' Union

Question 61

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Parochial school

Question 62

How did the Second Great Awakening transform American religious culture?

Question 63

Ask students to analyze the goals of the American Colonization Society.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Horace Mann

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Dorothea Dix

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
William Lloyd Garrison

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Charles Grandison Finney

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
American Colonization Society

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Temperance

Question 70

Why did romanticism thrive in the United States?

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Second Great Awakening

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Manifest Destiny

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Brook Farm

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Angelina Grimke

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
"Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Whig Party

Question 77

How did the idea of Manifest Destiny help shape American society during the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Gag rule

Question 79

How did slaves resist the demands of slaveholders?