Deck 24: Truman and Cold War America, 1945-1952

Question 1

The first place that the British and Americans confronted the Soviets was in

A)Iran.
B)Poland.
C)Korea.
D)Panama.

Answer 1

Iran.

Question 2

By early 1946, Soviet officials

A)viewed America as an ally because of its socialistic New Deal.
B)feared that a united Germany would try to undermine its Communist regime.
C)accepted the United States' leadership in world affairs.
D)pictured the United States as globally aggressive and keeping a monopoly on atomic technology.

Answer 2

pictured the United States as globally aggressive and keeping a monopoly on atomic technology.

Question 3

After World War II, how did both Democrats and Republicans end any possibility of a return to isolationism?

A)They immediately agreed to appropriate billions of dollars for the defense budget.
B)They insisted that American troops remain deployed in massive numbers throughout the world.
C)They voted to extend lend-lease to any country in need.
D)They worked to educate the public about the Soviet threat.

Answer 3

They worked to educate the public about the Soviet threat.

Question 4

The Marshall Plan was intended to:

A)restore economic stability to Europe.
B)isolate the Soviet Union.
C)channel reparations from Germany to the United States.
D)create a West German currency.

Question 5

After driving the North Koreans out of South Korea, the United States pressured the U.N. to

A)authorize driving the Communist government from power in North Korea.
B)allow air attacks on Chinese bases.
C)shift the line dividing the two Koreas considerably to the north.
D)turn over command of all UN troops to the U.S.

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT a result of the UN mediating cease-fire between Israel and its surrounding Arab neighbors?

A)the creation of a Palestinian state
B)large refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan.
C)An Israeli territory 50 percent larger than before the Arab-Israeli War.
D)A commitment of Arab nations to destroy the Jewish state placed in their midst.

Question 7

Before the Brooklyn Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson, leading to the integration of major league baseball, their general manager sought assurances

A)that Robinson's substantial earnings would be managed by his agent.
B)that there were no incidents in Robinson's past to indicate a pattern of disciplinary problems.
C)that Robinson could withstand extreme racial taunting and hostility without retaliating.
D)that Robinson would not join the players' union.

Question 8

During his famous "iron curtain" speech, Winston Churchill

A)advocated accommodating the Soviet Union.
B)called for a united, rather than divided Germany.
C)called for a "fraternal association" of the English-speaking peoples to halt the Russians.
D)suggested that the United States invade China to stop communism.

Question 9

Which of the following was not created in 1944?

A)International Monetary Fund
B)World Bank
C)basic structure of the United Nations
D)European Union

Question 10

Who was known as the "Father of Containment"?

A)James Forrestal
B)Estes Kefauver
C)Harry S. Truman
D)George F. Kennan

Question 11

What was President Truman's position on the creation of the state of Israel?

A)He actively supported it.
B)He gave lukewarm support because of his personal animosity toward Jews.
C)He opposed it, believing that the new state unfairly treated the region's Arabs.
D)He opposed it, believing that a Jewish state threatened non-Jews.

Question 12

Which statement best describes the Marshall Plan along with the Soviet's reaction to it?

A)It offered economic assistance to all nations agreeing to fight the Soviet Union.
B)When it learned that it was not included in the plan, the Soviet Union threatened to go to war with any nation that took advantage of it.
C)The plan required that Western European nations work closely with all factions, including Communists.
D)The Soviet Union created its own version to incorporate Eastern European economies into the Soviet system.

Question 13

What led the Soviet Union to blockade land traffic to and from Berlin?

A)West Germany officially outlawed the Communist Party.
B)Americans refused to recognize the pro-Soviet regime in Poland.
C)The United States began the process of creating a West German state.
D)It uncovered evidence of a pro-American spy ring in Berlin.

Question 14

Truman responded to the recommendations of NSC-68 by

A)approving all of the report's recommendations.
B)approving a moderate increase in military spending.
C)rejecting additional military spending as unfeasible.
D)asking the United Nations to create an agreement eliminating atomic weapons.

Question 15

By 1952, after fighting in Korea for nearly 3 years, most Americans

A)still did not know where the country was.
B)remained firmly committed to President Truman's policy.
C)wanted the war to end.
D)were convinced we had supported the wrong side.

Question 16

Which of the following was not created by the National Security Act of 1947?

A)the National Security Council
B)the Central Intelligence Agency
C)the Air Force
D)the NATO.

Question 17

The Truman Doctrine commits the United States to

A)reducing the world's supply of nuclear weapons.
B)a global open door policy.
C)using the United Nations to resolve disagreements.
D)stopping the spread of communism.

Question 18

The United States refused to provide sufficient support for Jiang Jieshi's government to hold off Mao Zedong's Communist forces because

A)American officials expected that such a move would bring the Soviets into the conflict.
B)The American people did not want to be drawn into another war.
C)Truman miscalculated the threat posed by Mao's forces.
D)American officials considered Jiang's government too corrupt to survive.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true about the United Nations?

A)Its General Assembly was composed of all member nations.
B)Its Security Council was composed of eleven nations, six of which were elected by the General Assembly, and five of which were permanent − the Allies.
C)Permanent members of the Security Council could veto decisions to exercise military or economic pressure against other nations.
D)Americans understood the United Nations' move to New York as a socialist conspiracy.

Question 20

What was the situation in Korea when World War II ended?

A)It was still under the control of Japan.
B)The Soviets had suppressed a Korean independence movement.
C)The Americans had suppressed a Korean independence movement.
D)The Soviets and Americans agreed to a temporary division of Korea.

Question 21

The American GI Forum

A)advocated civil rights for blacks.
B)was created as a wing of the Veterans Administration.
C)attacked discrimination throughout the West and Southwest.
D)was founded as an organization that discussed ways to expand the GI Bill of Rights.

Question 22

Which of the following was NOT one of the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act?

A)It banned the closed shop.
B)It prevented industry-wide collective bargaining.
C)It banned union organizers from the service sector.
D)It required affidavits from union official that they were not Communists.

Question 23

Which statement best describes the House Un-American Affairs Committee investigation of Hollywood?

A)The Screen Actors Guild president testified that Hollywood unions were full of Reds.
B)The committee sought to use the movies to mobilize public opinion in support of capitalism.
C)Despite the committee's pressure, Hollywood made dozens of movies that were highly critical of American business during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
D)The Motion Picture Association told Congress to mind its own business.

Question 24

What did President Truman do in the area of civil rights?

A)He issued an executive order instructing the military to integrate its forces.
B)He presented Congress with legislation that would outlaw segregated housing.
C)He did virtually nothing, driving black voters into the Republican camp.
D)He was openly hostile to the emerging civil rights movement.

Question 25

What effect did the Red Scare have on the motion picture industry in Hollywood?

A)Some notables cooperated with HUAC and used the hearings as an opportunity to affirm their patriotism.
B)Some notables exercised their Fifth-Amendment right against self-incrimination, for which they were blacklisted or jailed.
C)Movies portraying the struggles of poor Americans declined, while movies promoting free enterprise and traditional American values increased.
D)All the answers are correct.

Question 26

Prior to embarking on his anti-Communist crusade, Senator Joseph McCarthy had

A)invented a glorious war record for himself.
B)just been re-elected by an overwhelming majority.
C)led a congressional team that exposed corruption in the Labor Department.
D)been elected Senate minority whip.

Question 27

How did President Truman respond to charges that there were Communists within the government?

A)He instituted a loyalty program that fired 3,000 people for their political beliefs.
B)He sent out 25,000 volunteer speakers who addressed gatherings of government workers on the subject of communism.
C)He laughed them off and said that the claims were exaggerated.
D)He defended government workers' First Amendment rights to say what they wanted without fear of reprisal.

Question 28

What was NOT part of Truman's postwar domestic agenda?

A)A right-to-work law
B)A national health care system
C)The continuation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
D)Expanding Social Security

Question 29

When Truman became president many observers believed that he

A)would push for much greater government intervention in the economy than Roosevelt had.
B)would undo much of the New Deal.
C)would not defend the rights of minorities.
D)would be soft on communism.

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
George Frost Kennan

Question 31

The McCarran Internal Security Act

A)outlawed the Communist Party in the United States.
B)required Communists to register with the attorney general.
C)required all public employees to take an oath of loyalty to the government.
D)gave the government the power to conduct secret investigations into any group the president considered subversive.

Question 32

How did society's view of the proper role for women change after World War II?

A)Two-income families were necessary, given the poor economic condition of the country.
B)Women should work for several years before marrying.
C)Women should delay bearing children until their thirties.
D)Women should return to the home and not work with men.

Question 33

During the Red Scare, the Supreme Court

A)vigorously defended the First Amendment rights of accused Communists.
B)was never called upon to deal with the difficult constitutional issues involved in prosecuting alleged Communists.
C)upheld a law that made it a crime to be a member of the Communist Party.
D)ordered Communists to register with the attorney general.

Question 34

Why did Truman veto the Taft-Hartley Act?

A)He hated the bill.
B)He wanted to hold the support of organized labor for the 1948 election.
C)He wanted a provision that would allow the president to force strikers back to work.
D)He considered labor relations an issue for state governments to handle.

Question 35

Charged with espionage, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

A)confessed and met leniency.
B)professed innocence, were found guilty and executed.
C)got a lighter sentence by denunciating Alger Hiss in the State Department.
D)pleaded with Joe McCarthy for mercy − in vain.

Question 36

Shelley v. Kramer (1948)

A)affirmed the legality of restricting community residence to whites.
B)barred the lower courts from enforcing restrictive covenants.
C)prevented banks and the FHA from rejecting home loan applications from minorities.
D)upheld the practice of the restrictive covenant.

Question 37

Although the Hollywood Ten pleaded the Fifth Amendment during their questioning before HUAC,

A)many of them ended up "naming names" later.
B)their testimonies were coerced with torture.
C)they were jailed for contempt of Congress.
D)they were later found guilty in a trial by jury.

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Jackie Robinson

Question 39

Which politician rose to national prominence for investigating alleged spy Alger Hiss?

A)Robert Taft
B)Joseph McCarthy
C)Richard M. Nixon
D)Thomas Dewey

Question 40

What did southern Democrats do in 1948 when their party endorsed civil rights?

A)Joined the Republican Party
B)Ran a separate "Dixiecrat" ticket
C)Refused to support any candidate for president
D)Successfully recruited black voters

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Berlin Airlift

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Nationalist Chinese government

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Organization of American States (OAS)

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Marshall Plan

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Truman Doctrine

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Thomas E. Dewey

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Iron curtain

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Alger Hiss

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Fair Deal

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Joseph McCarthy

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
NSC Memorandum #68

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
"Had Enough?"

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Deterrence

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
NATO

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
McCarran Internal Security Act

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Hollywood Ten

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Right-to-work laws

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Joseph Stalin

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Tract homes

Question 61

Ask students to consider President Truman's motives for becoming more active on civil rights.

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Baby boom

Question 63

Which measures for implementing the Cold War proved to be most effective in promoting American security?

Question 64

How did the idea of the "American Dream" change after World War II?

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Shelley v. Kramer

Question 66

What important issues created divisions between the Soviet Union and the United States at the end of the Second World War?