Deck 10: Contraception

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding federal administrations and contraception?

A) The Obama administration reduced funding for contraception.
B) During the George W. Bush administration, the teen pregnancy rate in the United States declined dramatically.
C) Many states have exclusionary criteria related to publicly funded health clinics, and some do not allow for the allocation of public funds for providers that provide or counsel clients about abortions.
D) All federal administrations have consistently remained silent on the issue of contraception.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is the MOST important variable of birth control method effectiveness?

A) Human error
B) Premarketing research
C) Laboratory testing
D) Regulation by the FDA

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Practicing Catholics in the United States:

A) most often completely abstain from contraceptive use.
B) are much less likely than non-Catholics to pursue sterilization.
C) most often use some kind of artificial contraception.
D) are significantly less likely than Protestants to use contraception.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 1972, the Supreme Court case ____ extended the right to privacy to unmarried individuals by decriminalizing the use of contraception by single people.

A) Griswold v. Connecticut
B) Eisenstadt v. Baird
C) Sanger v. Comstock
D) Roe v. Wade

Question 5

In the 1870s, who was instrumental in enacting national laws that prohibited the dissemination of contraceptive information through the U.S. mail?

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Katherine McCormack
D) Anthony Comstock

Question 6

All of the following circumstances are reasons a backup method of contraception should be used EXCEPT:

A) during the first cycle of the pill.
B) when taking medications such as antibiotics.
C) when first learning to use a new method of birth control.
D) after years of effective use.

Question 7

Factors that affect contraceptive availability and choice in contemporary times include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) gender-role expectations.
B) insurance coverage.
C) religious mandates.
D) limited manufacturing.

Question 8

Research has indicated that individuals who feel guilty about sex are:

A) most likely to use contraception effectively.
B) most likely to communicate effectively with their partners about contraception.
C) very likely to abstain completely from sexual intercourse.
D) less likely to use contraception effectively.

Question 9

Birth control is suggested to have all of the following advantages EXCEPT:

A) it results in better health for mothers.
B) it results in better health for children.
C) it helps alleviate overpopulation.
D) it delays menopause.

Question 10

In developing countries across the world:

A) rates of contraceptive use have dropped in recent years.
B) most women are not interested in contraception due to their desire to have as many children as possible.
C) abortions rates are much lower than in more economically advantaged countries.
D) women are significantly more likely to die in childbirth than in more economically advantaged countries.

Question 11

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the education of women and average number of children?

A) There is no relationship worldwide between women's education and family size.
B) Educated women in third-world countries have more living children as they can afford better health care.
C) Only in the United States do women with more education have smaller families.
D) Worldwide, women with more education have smaller families.

Question 12

The failure rate of a contraceptive method is defined as:

A) the percentage of sperm which remain viable 12 hours after use of this method.
B) the number of women out of 100 who become pregnant by the end of the first year of using a particular method.
C) the percentage of people who will experience a breakdown in the method, for example, the number of men out of 100 who will experience a condom breaking.
D) the percentage of people who receive a score of 60% or lower on a written test evaluating their knowledge of a particular method.

Question 13

Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods:

A) are rarely chosen by young and low-income women, even when financial barriers are removed.
B) often are not available to low-income women and teenagers due to their high cost.
C) have not been shown to reduce teenage pregnancy rates due to their limited effectiveness in younger women.
D) are opposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics due to concerns they may increase rates of risky sexual behaviors in teens.

Question 14

States cannot deny married couples access to contraception according to a Supreme Court decision known as:

A) Eisenstadt v. Baird
B) Griswold v. Connecticut
C) Loving v. Virginia
D) Roe v. Wade

Question 15

In the 18th century, Italian adventurer ____ was noted for his animal membrane condoms tied with a ribbon at the base of his penis.

A) Christopher Columbus
B) Gabriel Fallopius
C) Giovanni Casanova
D) Anthony Comstock

Question 16

Margaret Sanger was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) opening an illegal clinic for women to obtain diaphragms.
B) violating the Comstock Laws.
C) publishing birth control information.
D) establishing the first abortion clinic.

Question 17

Because I believed family planning could significantly improve the lives of women, I spoke out against laws restricting access to information about contraception. Who was I?

A) Anthony Comstock
B) Sylvester Graham
C) Margaret Sanger
D) Thomas Aquinas

Question 18

Anticontraceptive religious groups view contraception as a slippery slope toward:

A) infanticide.
B) abortion.
C) decreasing abortion rates.
D) increased unwanted pregnancy.

Question 19

"Personhood" amendments seek to:

A) define life as beginning at birth, which would have the effect of reducing restrictions on abortion.
B) provide women equal legal status with men, which should then reduce restrictions on contraception and abortion in general.
C) define life as beginning at conception, which would have the effect of criminalizing abortion and some contraceptive methods.
D) protect a medical professional's right to refuse to perform a healthcare procedure that conflicts with the professional's deeply held religious beliefs.

Question 20

The development of the birth control pill:

A) took place in the late 1920s.
B) involved extensive research and testing conducted across multiple sites throughout the United States.
C) suggested that society was becoming more accepting of female sexual expression.
D) actually resulted in a significant increase in teen pregnancies.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a frequently noted side effect of oral contraceptives?

A) Breakthrough bleeding
B) Increased menstrual cramping
C) Decrease in sexual interest
D) Increased risk of cervical cancer

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE regarding progestin-only pills?

A) They significantly increase the risk of blood clots compared to estrogen-based pills.
B) They have no estrogen-related side effects.
C) They provide protection from STIs.
D) They prevent breakthrough bleeding.

Question 23

All of the following are advantages of taking oral contraceptives EXCEPT:

A) reducing menstrual cramps.
B) improving regularity of periods and decreasing bleeding.
C) reducing symptoms of PMS.
D) reducing the risk of hypertension.

Question 24

Of the following, which is the MOST effective birth control method when used correctly?

A) Male condoms
B) Diaphragm and spermicide
C) Depo-Provera
D) Female condoms

Question 25

Imani is a 26-year-old married woman. Imani has two children, which she feels is enough for now, although she has not completely ruled out having more at some point. Which of the following would be Imani's BEST choice for birth control?

A) Tubal sterilization
B) IUD
C) Cervical cap
D) Diaphragm with spermicide

Question 26

The MOST common reversible birth control method among women in the United States is/are:

A) tubal sterilization.
B) Depo-Provera.
C) oral contraceptives.
D) spermicide.

Question 27

Terrie, a sexually active cigarette smoker, would like to avoid becoming pregnant. Which of the following is true?

A) Terrie's best option is the constant-dose combination birth control pill.
B) Terrie cannot use any form of IUD.
C) Terrie's best option would be the contraceptive patch.
D) Terrie should use hormonal birth control only under close medical supervision.

Question 28

Extended-cycle pills:

A) are taken continuously for several years without placebo pills.
B) increase the number of menstrual periods per year.
C) can reduce discomfort for women who have unpleasant menstrual symptoms.
D) provide higher doses of estrogen and progestin than most other pills.

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding outercourse is FALSE?

A) Oral sex is a form of outercourse.
B) Anal intercourse is a form of outercourse.
C) It is impossible to contract a sexually transmitted infection through outercourse.
D) Outercourse can be a viable form of birth control.

Question 30

Renu would like to use hormonal birth control, but she is concerned about possible side effects. Renu's best option would be:

A) the Depo-Provera injections.
B) the triphasic pill.
C) the transdermal patch.
D) the FSH pill.

Question 31

Hormonal methods of birth control:

A) are considered irreversible.
B) may increase risk of blood clots and/or stroke in some women.
C) are a very infrequently used method of contraception.
D) adversely affect the health of most women who take them.

Question 32

____ provides fluctuations of estrogen and progestin levels during the cycle.

A) The triphasic pill
B) Lunelle
C) The FSH pill
D) Depo-Provera

Question 33

Even when used correctly, which of the following is the LEAST effective birth control method?

A) Diaphragm and spermicide
B) Estrogen-progestin pills
C) Male condom
D) Depo-Provera

Question 34

The progestin-only pill may be associated with:

A) an increase in PMS symptoms.
B) endometrial cancer.
C) an increase in benign breast disease.
D) breakthrough bleeding.

Question 35

The estrogen in the combination, triphasic, and extended-release pills prevents conception primarily by:

A) impairing tubal motility.
B) inhibiting ovulation.
C) altering the acidity of the uterus.
D) reducing the circumference of the cervix.

Question 36

Hormone-based contraceptives can work in all of the following ways EXCEPT by:

A) preventing the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus.
B) inhibiting ovulation.
C) constricting the fallopian tubes to block passage of the fertilized egg.
D) altering cervical mucus so the passage of sperm is blocked.

Question 37

Which of the following pills acts primarily by altering the cervical mucus to a thick and tacky consistency that effectively blocks sperm from entering the uterus?

A) Progestin-only pill
B) Constant-dose combination pill
C) Extended-release pills
D) Triphasic pill

Question 38

Placebo-controlled studies of various oral contraceptives have found no significant difference in side effects. All of the following are side effects EXCEPT:

A) headache.
B) weight loss.
C) nausea.
D) breast pain.

Question 39

All of the following could be symptoms of a serious reaction to hormonal birth control EXCEPT:

A) severe abdominal pain.
B) severe chest pain.
C) severe headache.
D) worsened acne.

Question 40

Which of the following is a good option for women who prefer or require a nonestrogen pill?

A) Constant-dose combination pill
B) Triphasic pill
C) Extended-release pills
D) Progestin-only pill

Question 41

The active ingredient in Depo-Provera is:

A) testosterone.
B) steroids.
C) progestin.
D) estrogen.

Question 42

The transdermal patch:

A) provides effective protection against STIs.
B) must be kept on the skin continuously throughout the month, to be replaced by a new patch at the beginning of the next month.
C) works by releasing hormones through the skin into the blood stream.
D) provides a lower dose of estrogen than other forms of hormonal birth control, thus reducing the risk of blood clot or stroke.

Question 43

Depo-Provera:

A) is an injectable contraceptive that needs to be given once every 12 weeks.
B) is implanted in a woman's arm and is effective for three years.
C) is taken orally on a daily basis.
D) is inserted into a woman's vagina.

Question 44

When using the transdermal patch, which of the following techniques for use is CORRECT?

A) It should be inserted into the vagina and left in place for 30 days.
B) It must be applied six hours before sex and left in place for 12 hours after sex.
C) A woman replaces the old patch with a new one on the same day each week for three weeks, then takes a seven-day patch free week.
D) It is inserted under the skin, below the armpit.

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding condoms is FALSE?

A) For some men, the diminished sensation associated with condom use is preferred because it delays ejaculation.
B) Vegetable oil is a good alternative lubricant if water-based lubricant is not available.
C) Women purchase 50% of condoms sold today.
D) When using a plain-end condom, the end needs to be twisted before unrolling the condom over the penis.

Question 46

All of the following are ways to correctly use condoms to prevent pregnancy EXCEPT:

A) the condom must be in place before the penis has contact with the vulva.
B) water-based lubricants should be used.
C) the condom must be held at the base of the penis as it is withdrawn from the vagina.
D) the condom should fit snuggly without an empty tip at the head of the penis.

Question 47

All of the following medications reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives EXCEPT:

A) ibuprofen.
B) amoxicillin.
C) ampicillin.
D) tetracycline.

Question 48

A condom is LESS likely to break if it is:

A) made of polyurethane.
B) lubricated.
C) made of sheep membrane.
D) ribbed.

Question 49

Research indicates that women:

A) rarely forget to take the pill as instructed.
B) underestimate how often they forget to take the pill.
C) sometimes forget to take the pill, but it has little effect.
D) generally overestimate the number of times they forget to take pill.

Question 50

Your friend asks you how oral contraceptives work to prevent pregnancy. Which of the following would be your BEST answer?

A) They work by preventing the production of hypothalamic hormones.
B) They work by preventing the maturation of eggs.
C) They work by preventing ovulation and changing the lining of the uterus to make it inhospitable to implantation.
D) They work by increasing the flow of cervical mucus.

Question 51

Paloma uses the contraceptive implant. Paloma:

A) would have been able to purchase this item over the counter and insert it herself.
B) should be using a barrier method of birth control as well, because the implant is notoriously unreliable.
C) will never be able to conceive a child, even if she has the device removed.
D) may be able to avoid pregnancy for up to three years with this device.

Question 52

Which of the following contraceptives may NOT be effective for women more than 30% heavier than their medically ideal weight?

A) Seasonale
B) Ortho Evra
C) Implanon
D) NuvaRing

Question 53

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Natural-membrane condoms contain small pores that can permit the passage of viruses associated with several STIs.
B) The concept of a penile sheath to prevent conception was first introduced in the late 1800s.
C) Men who are resistant to using a condom tend to have more positive attitudes toward women than men who use condoms.
D) Condoms should be stored in warm places to maintain their elasticity.

Question 54

In order to maximize the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, a woman should:

A) take the pill at the same time each day.
B) occasionally take two pills at a time to give her body a "boost."
C) vary the time of day she takes the pill to more closely mimic the natural fluctuations in hormonal levels.
D) miss a pill occasionally in order to give her body a "rest."

Question 55

Giacomo, who is 24, uses a male condom when he has intercourse. Giacomo:

A) is decreasing his chances of contracting a STI.
B) is engaging in a very unusual behavior for someone in his age bracket.
C) should leave each condom in place for at least six hours after intercourse.
D) needs a doctor's prescription for these devices.

Question 56

The vaginal ring:

A) works by blocking the entrance to the vagina, preventing the passage of sperm to the fallopian tubes.
B) works by releasing hormones through the vaginal lining into the blood stream.
C) must be removed from the vagina prior to having sex.
D) has a higher risk of side effects than other hormonal methods of birth control.

Question 57

Teenagers who use condoms the first time they have sex:

A) must have parental permission to buy them in all 50 states.
B) are very unusual, because most teens in developed countries do not report using any method of contraception.
C) are more likely to continue to use contraception than teens who do not use a condom at first intercourse.
D) are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual activity and have higher rates of STIs than teens who do not use a condom at first intercourse.

Question 58

The female condom is made of:

A) sheep intestine.
B) sheep skin.
C) rubber or prophylaxis.
D) polyurethane or latex.

Question 59

The only temporary method of birth control for men is:

A) the male condoms.
B) vasectomy.
C) sterilization.
D) male birth control pills.

Question 60

Tia usually remembers to take her birth control pill each morning at 8:00. It's about 6:00 p.m., and Tia has just realized that she forgot to take her pill this morning. When Tia pulls out her pill pack she discovers she didn't take the pill yesterday either. Tia:

A) should take both pills now.
B) should take two pills tomorrow morning and two the following morning.
C) should contact her doctor and use a backup method of birth control for the rest of her cycle.
D) does not need to be concerned, because birth control pills are successful in preventing pregnancy as long as a woman remembers to take them more days than not.

Question 61

Helga had been using oral contraceptives but has been dealing with many of the side effects. She decided to try a barrier method for contraception. Which of the following would be a cervical barrier method for Helga to speak to her doctor about?

A) ParaGard
B) Skyla
C) Diaphragm
D) Liletta

Question 62

When using a cervical barrier:

A) make sure it is inserted with the spermicide side facing down.
B) feel inside the vagina to be sure the dome covers the cervix.
C) do not use spermicide as well because this can degrade the device.
D) do not leave it in place for longer than four hours.

Question 63

A woman would be good candidate for an IUD:

A) only if she has no intention of conceiving children in the future.
B) if she is in a sexually monogamous relationship.
C) if she is willing to commit to remembering to take it consistently each day.
D) only if she is comfortable handling her own genitalia regularly.

Question 64

Two of the danger signs for IUD users, associated with the acronym PAINS, are:

A) stroke and high blood pressure.
B) severe headaches and vomiting.
C) pain at ovulation and early menstrual period.
D) nasty discharge and abdominal pain.

Question 65

Cervical barriers:

A) have been used in some form since at least the 18th century.
B) were invented in the 1970s.
C) provide the best protection against STIs other than abstinence.
D) most often are permanently implanted in the vagina.

Question 66

All of the following can be used as emergency contraception EXCEPT:

A) Ella.
B) Plan B.
C) taking a larger than usual dose of your regular oral contraceptive pill.
D) inserting a diaphragm after intercourse.

Question 67

If Sarah can't locate the thread of her IUD, she should be advised to:

A) see her health practitioner as soon as possible.
B) forget it; they slip around frequently.
C) wait until after her next period and check again.
D) immediately go to a hospital emergency room.

Question 68

A woman would have to be fitted for which of the following?

A) FemCap
B) Diaphragm
C) Female condom
D) Vaginal foam

Question 69

Vaginal spermicides:

A) require a prescription from a doctor.
B) are one of the most effective methods of contraception.
C) are most effective when used with a condom as well.
D) should not be used with a condom as they often eat holes in the latex.

Question 70

Because the diaphragm is made of latex, oil-based lubricant cannot be use. The FemCap is not as sensitive and is made of _____.

A) latex
B) natural fibers
C) rubber
D) silicone

Question 71

Mirena and Skyla work by:

A) continually scraping the uterine lining.
B) inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, altering endometrial lining, and impairing tubal motility.
C) altering tubal and uterine fluids due to their copper content.
D) creating a physical barrier at the entrance to the cervix.

Question 72

Which of the following is a cervical barrier device?

A) NuvaRing
B) Condom
C) Diaphragm
D) IUD

Question 73

Which of the following statements regarding the female condom is FALSE?

A) It greatly restricts the movement of the penis after penetration.
B) It is worn internally by the woman.
C) It is made of latex or polyurethane.
D) It is of particular benefit for women in countries with high HIV rates.

Question 74

Plan B:

A) is the most effective form of emergency contraception.
B) requires a doctor's prescription.
C) is a nonhormonal form of emergency contraception.
D) is most effective when taken within the first 24 hours after intercourse.

Question 75

Rosalyn uses a diaphragm every time she has sex. Rosalyn:

A) would have been able to purchase this device in most drug stores.
B) may need to have this replaced after a pregnancy or significant weight gain.
C) is using one of the most effective forms of contraception.
D) should keep this device in place for at least 20 hours after having intercourse.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of cervical barrier methods?

A) Requires practice to use correctly
B) Increases risk of urinary tract infections
C) Provides limited protection from STIs
D) Requires partner approval

Question 77

Marisol has an intrauterine device. Marisol:

A) will never be able to conceive a child, even if she has her IUD removed.
B) has a higher risk of pregnancy than a woman who uses oral contraceptives.
C) is unlikely to experience a serious complication from using this device.
D) is less likely than a woman using oral contraceptives to continue to use this method of birth control for more than a year.

Question 78

All of the following are presently available types of vaginal spermicides EXCEPT:

A) contraceptive ring.
B) contraceptive film.
C) suppositories.
D) foam.

Question 79

ParaGard:

A) is less effective than other methods of emergency contraception.
B) is a nonhormonal pill that can prevent pregnancy for up to five days after unprotected sex.
C) can prevent pregnancy when inserted up to five days after unprotected sex.
D) is most effective at preventing pregnancy when taken no more than 72 hours after unprotected sex.

Question 80

Before IUD insertion, a woman should be screened for:

A) gonorrhea and chlamydia.
B) high blood pressure or shortness of breath.
C) viral hepatitis.
D) HIV only.