Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

An individual test

A)involves a single examiner for two or more subjects.
B)involves only tests of human ability.
C)can be given to only one person at a time.
D)involves more than one examiner for a single subject.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

One's general potential, independent of prior learning, can best be described as

A)achievement.
B)aptitude.
C)intelligence.
D)ability.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important function of testing?

A)To determine what sort of treatment or other intervention is appropriate
B)To develop accurate portraits of individuals
C)To discriminate among related constructs
D)To differentiate among individuals taking the test

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The general potential to solve problems, adapt, and profit from experience is called

A)ability.
B)achievement.
C)prediction.
D)intelligence.

Question 5

Psychological tests

A)pertain only to overt behavior.
B)always have right or wrong answers.
C)do not attempt to measure traits.
D)measure characteristics of human behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of tests?

A)Tests produce explicit data that are subject to scientific study.
B)Tests are successful in separating prior learning from potential for learning.
C)Very few tests can actually predict behavior.
D)Tests can provide insight into overt but not covert behavior.

Question 7

Projective personality tests

A)provide a statement, usually of the self-report variety.
B)require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses.
C)are unstructured.
D)are structured.

Question 8

A group test

A)can be given to multiple people by one examiner.
B)can be given to only three people at a time.
C)involves a group of examiners for a single subject.
D)involves only tests of human ability.

Question 9

When you gather information through verbal interaction, you are using a(n)

A)individual test.
B)interview.
C)group test.
D)brainstorming.

Question 10

According to recent research, growing numbers of four-year colleges are not relying on the SAT test partly because of

A)budget constraints.
B)diversity concerns.
C)reliability issues.
D)quality control.

Question 11

Personality tests in which the test stimulus and/or required response are ambiguous are called

A)projective personality tests.
B)structured personality tests.
C)individual personality tests.
D)achievement personality tests.

Question 12

The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as

A)achievement.
B)aptitude.
C)intelligence.
D)ability.

Question 13

Previous learning can best be described as

A)achievement.
B)aptitude.
C)intelligence.
D)ability.

Question 14

The specific stimulus on a test to which a person responds overtly is called a(n)

A)overt event.
B)answer.
C)item.
D)scale.

Question 15

The main purpose of psychological testing is to evaluate

A)covert behavior.
B)individual differences.
C)personality traits.
D)overt behavior.

Question 16

Tests that measure an individual's typical behavior are called

A)ability tests.
B)personality tests.
C)intelligence tests.
D)group tests.

Question 17

Structured personality tests

A)require you to produce something spontaneously.
B)require you to choose between two or more alternative responses.
C)involve an ambiguous test stimulus about which the response is structured.
D)involve an ambiguous test response.

Question 18

Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence can be encompassed by the term

A)human potential.
B)human traits.
C)human personality.
D)human ability.

Question 19

Tests that provide a statement, usually of the self-report variety, and require the subject to choose between two or more alternative responses, are called

A)group tests.
B)individual tests.
C)structured personality tests.
D)projective personality tests.

Question 20

Which of the following relates raw test scores to theoretical or empirical distributions?

A)Transforms
B)Reliability
C)Scales
D)Theories

Question 21

What evolutionary constructs did Galton apply in his book Hereditary Genius ?

A)Genetics and epigenetics
B)Survival of the fittest and individual differences
C)Random differences and population variation
D)Evolution and selective breeding

Question 22

It is important to obtain a standardization sample

A)to prevent bias in the development and scoring of the test.
B)to provide a reference sample to which the results of a new subject can be compared.
C)to separate the intellectually subnormal from the normal individual.
D)to ensure the representativeness of a sample.

Question 23

The origins of testing can be traced to

A)Egypt.
B)England.
C)China.
D)Russia.

Question 24

If a particular test "X" is designed to measure success in a particular job, and it is accurate and useful for that purpose, then the test is said to be

A)valid.
B)structured.
C)ambiguous.
D)reliable.

Question 25

A test that yields dependable and consistent results is ____.

A)meaningful
B)objective
C)reliable
D)valid

Question 26

The validity of a psychological test refers to its

A)dependability.
B)meaning.
C)objectivity.
D)fairness.

Question 27

In order to establish norms, a large group of people is being given a test under the same conditions in which the test will actually be used. This group is called a(n)____ group.

A)reliability
B)standardization
C)random
D)experimental

Question 28

When a test is administered to the general population, norms should be established using a representative sample that

A)has been administered the test under standard conditions.
B)has been chosen in a completely random fashion.
C)represents all segments of the population in proportion to their numbers.
D)is comprised of a great many individuals.

Question 29

The term mental test was coined by

A)Charles Darwin.
B)Sir Francis Galton.
C)Alfred Binet.
D)James M. Cattell.

Question 30

The work of Weber and Fechner represents which foundation of psychological testing?

A)Individual differences
B)Psychophysical measurement
C)Survival of the fittest
D)Darwinian evolution

Question 31

The use of test batteries was common by the time of the

A)Ling Dynasty.
B)Han Dynasty.
C)Tam Dynasty.
D)Nam Dynasty.

Question 32

If one can depend upon the results of a particular test to be consistently accurate, the test can be said to be

A)valid.
B)structured.
C)unambiguous.
D)reliable.

Question 33

The first version of the Binet-Simon scale was published in

A)1896.
B)1905.
C)1908.
D)1911.

Question 34

Two or more tests that are given together and relate seemingly diverse topics are called

A)structured.
B)unstructured.
C)batteries.
D)portfolios.

Question 35

The first intelligence tests were developed for the purpose of

A)identifying gifted children.
B)finding the most suitable candidates for the U.S. Army.
C)measuring emotional instability.
D)identifying intellectually subnormal individuals.

Question 36

Which test represented a major breakthrough in the measurement of cognitive ability?

A)Binet-Simon Scale
B)Sequin Form Board Test
C)Strong Vocational Interest Bank
D)Carnegie Interest Inventory

Question 37

Sir Francis Galton set out to show

A)that some humans possessed characteristics that made them more fit than other humans.
B)that humans did not differ significantly from each other.
C)that life evolved on this planet partially because of individual differences among individual forms of life within a species or type of animal.
D)that the concept of survival of the fittest was essentially incorrect.

Question 38

A standardization sample is representative if the sample

A)has been subjected to rigorous experimental control.
B)consists of individuals who are similar to the group to be tested.
C)consists of a great many individuals.
D)is administered in the same way as the actual test group will be.

Question 39

Test administration refers to the

A)construction of the test.
B)validation of the test.
C)act of taking a test.
D)act of giving a test.

Question 40

Which of the following scientists is credited with founding the science of psychology?

A)Herbart
B)Wundt
C)Weber
D)Cattell

Question 41

Administering a test with precisely the same instructions and format is giving it under

A)normative conditions.
B)standard conditions.
C)facilitative conditions.
D)group administration.

Question 42

The first structured personality test was the

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
B)Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.
C)Thematic Apperception Test.
D)16 Personality Factors test.

Question 43

Who is associated with the development of the TAT?

A)Murray & Morgan
B)Terman & Binet
C)Levy & Beck
D)Morgan & Beck

Question 44

The Rorschach was introduced into the United States by

A)Henry Murray.
B)Herman Rorschach.
C)Sam Beck.
D)David Levy.

Question 45

The first group tests of human abilities were developed for

A)screening intellectually subnormal schoolchildren.
B)selecting soldiers to fight for the United States in World War I.
C)selecting pilots for advanced training in World War II.
D)evaluating which students should be admitted to public universities.

Question 46

The use of standardized tests after World War I culminated with the publication of the

A)Stanford Binet Test.
B)Stanford Achievement Test.
C)Army Beta.
D)Army Alpha.

Question 47

A child's mental age

A)cannot be determined independently of the child's chronological age.
B)provides a measurement of a child's performance relative to other children of a particular age group.
C)cannot be determined from a child's test score.
D)can only be determined from large representative samples.

Question 48

Which of the following is a group test of human ability for an adult that does NOT require the subject to be literate?

A)Army Alpha
B)Sequin Form Board
C)Army Beta
D)Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale

Question 49

Dr. Johnson is trying to establish norms for his new test. He determined that 50% of the people in the population are Hispanic, 20% are Caucasian, 15% are Asian, and 15% are African American. He uses the same proportions when he creates a

A)valid test.
B)representative sample.
C)random sample.
D)test population.

Question 50

Eight-year-old Daniel was administered the Binet-Simon Scale, and the results suggested that he was functioning at the same level as an average senior in high school. This is an example of a(n)

A)outcome measure.
B)mental age scale.
C)restandardization.
D)norm.

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of a trait?

A)Depression
B)Fear
C)Pessimism
D)Anger

Question 52

The successful revision of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale for use in the United States was developed by

A)A. Binet.
B)T. Simon.
C)A. Binet and T. Simon.
D)L. M. Terman.

Question 53

The Rorschach presents ambiguous stimuli to an individual who then provides his or her own personal interpretation. This is an example of what kind of test?

A)Structured
B)Projective
C)Intelligence
D)Abilities

Question 54

A trait is ____.

A)dependent upon the situation
B)defined as the motivating force behind behavior
C)strongly impacted by changes in the environment
D)an enduring disposition that distinguishes one individual from another

Question 55

Which of the following are both projective tests?

A)The Rorschach and the MMPI
B)The Rorschach and the TAT
C)The Rorschach and the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
D)The TAT and MMPI

Question 56

Robert Yerkes led the team of psychologists that developed the

A)Army Alpha and Army Beta.
B)Seguin Form Board.
C)Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.
D)Yerkes Personal Data Sheet.

Question 57

The concept of mental age was introduced in

A)1905.
B)1908.
C)1911.
D)1916.

Question 58

Structured personality tests became unpopular in the 1930s and 1940s because they

A)were difficult to administer.
B)were too subjective.
C)were not standardized.
D)relied on the face value of responses.

Question 59

Which of the following tests produced both a verbal and a performance IQ?

A)Terman's Stanford-Binet
B)The 1908 Binet-Simon Scale
C)The Army Beta
D)The Wechsler-Bellevue Scale

Question 60

A major problem with the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet was that

A)it assumed the answers were acceptable at face value.
B)the normative sample was too small.
C)it was difficult to administer.
D)there were too few questions.

Question 61

Which individual developed tests to evaluate persons with emotional impairments?

A)Galton
B)Seguin
C)Kraepelin
D)Weber

Question 62

Describe the difference between measuring traits and state. Give examples of each from your life experience.

Question 63

Which of the following tests is purported to measure human needs?

A)16PF
B)TAT
C)MMPI
D)Rorschach

Question 64

Understanding concepts such as reliability, validity, item analysis, and test construction requires careful study and knowledge of

A)psychology.
B)the history of testing.
C)test administration.
D)statistics.

Question 65

The most widely used and referenced personality test is the

A)MMPI.
B)TAT.
C)Rorschach.
D)Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.

Question 66

Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire?

A)J. R. Guilford
B)R. B. Cattell
C)L. L. Thurstone
D)Sam Beck

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a group that standardized tests tend to disadvantage?

A)Women
B)Students from low-income households
C)Younger students
D)Ethnic minorities

Question 68

A method for finding the minimum number of dimensions to account for a large number of variables is called

A)correlational analysis.
B)multiple regression.
C)factor analysis.
D)analysis of variance.

Question 69

Factor analytic techniques were employed in the development of the

A)MMPI.
B)CPI.
C)TAT.
D)16PF.

Question 70

The Shakow report emphasized that

A)most personality tests were invalid.
B)IQ tests should not be used to place children in special classes.
C)testing is a unique function of clinical psychologists.
D)all tests must have normative samples.

Question 71

Trace the rise and fall of testing in the last century. Make note of significant historical events that played a part in the development of testing as a major field.

Question 72

In what settings are psychological tests most likely to be found today? What role does psychological testing play in contemporary society and how has this role changed since the inception of testing?

Question 73

Today, psychological testing

A)is regarded as having little room for improvement.
B)remains one of the most important yet controversial issues.
C)is mostly ignored because insurance companies will not pay for it.
D)is losing its credibility.

Question 74

Which of the following is one criticism of early personality tests?

A)The tests made too few assumptions about the meaning of a test response.
B)The questions were too complex to grade objectively.
C)The tests did not accurately reflect modern testing theories.
D)The test taker and the test administrator may have different interpretations of the questions.

Question 75

The first attempt to apply factor analytic techniques to test construction was made by

A)Sam Beck.
B)R. B. Cattell.
C)Henry Murray.
D)J. R. Guilford.

Question 76

Which of the following tests was developed based on the idea that empirical research would help determine the meaning of each response?

A)TAT
B)MMPI
C)16PF
D)CPI

Question 77

Which of the following contributed to the popularity of standardized achievement tests?

A)Their objectivity and ease of administration and scoring
B)Their ability to measure learning independently of intelligence
C)Their relationship to objective measures of neurological functioning
D)Their importance to psychological theories

Question 78

By 1949, formal university training standards led to the birth of

A)factor analysis.
B)clinical psychology.
C)the MMPI.
D)psychological tests.

Question 79

_______ is always associated with a sampling process.

A)Randomization
B)Error
C)Factor analysis
D)Testing

Question 80

Describe the evolution of intelligence testing. What was the original purpose of intelligence testing and how is it used now? How has the modern cultural context influenced intelligence testing?