Deck 4: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

If the human eye were not responsive to differences in the amplitude of light waves, we would not be able to perceive differences in ​

A)saturation.
B)purity.
C)color.
D)brightness.

Answer 1

brightness.

Question 2

Courtney wears glasses to correct the farsightedness in her left eye. If she were not wearing her glasses, ​

A)the lens would focus images in front of the retina in her left eye.
B)the pupil in her left eye would dilate and let in too much light energy.
C)the lens would focus images behind the retina in her left eye.
D)the pupil in her left eye would constrict and not let in sufficient light energy.

Answer 2

the lens would focus images behind the retina in her left eye.

Question 3

Our perception of the brightness of a color is affected mainly by the _____ of light waves.

A)wavelength
B)amplitude
C)purity
D)saturation

Answer 3

amplitude

Question 4

A red light, green light, and blue light differ in ​

A)amplitude.
B)complexity.
C)wavelength.
D)purity.

Question 5

Kim's pupils have just become quite large.  She is MOST likely looking at

A)something that makes her angry.
B)a bright light.
C)something she has seen many times before.
D)something that she is very interested in.

Question 6

The lens in the eye ​

A)converts light energy into neural energy.
B)controls the amount of light entering the eye.
C)focuses light rays onto the retina.
D)is the part of the eye that gives it its color.

Question 7

Light first enters the eye through a transparent structure on the surface of the eye called the

A)pupil.
B)cornea.
C)retina.
D)lens.

Question 8

Our perception of the richness, or saturation, of a color is affected mainly by  the _____ of light waves.

A)wavelength
B)amplitude
C)purity
D)saturation

Question 9

The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of ​

A)color.
B)brightness.
C)saturation.
D)light purity.

Question 10

In dim light, the pupil of the eye is ​

A)dilated, producing a sharper image.
B)constricted, producing a sharper image.
C)constricted, producing an image that is not as sharp.
D)dilated, producing an image that is not as sharp.

Question 11

While _____ involves the stimulation of sense organs, _____ involves the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input. ​

A)perception; sensation
B)sensation; perception
C)activation; sensation
D)activation; perception

Question 12

When Joe looks at distant objects, the lens in his eye focuses light just short of his retina.  Joe is likely to experience

A)farsightedness.
B)nearsightedness.
C)enhanced low-light vision.
D)deficient low-light vision.

Question 13

Isaiah is having his eyes checked. The doctor has put drops in Isaiah's eyes that will cause the pupils to open wide. As the drops begin to work, Isaiah will MOST likely notice that ​

A)he will lose some of his color vision.
B)his vision will start to become quite blurry.
C)his vision will become extremely sharp and clear.
D)colors will appear to be "super" saturated.

Question 14

Charlie's eyes function normally, but he is unable to recognize objects. Charlie is suffering from ​

A)visual agnosia.
B)inattention.
C)inattentional blindness.
D)prosopagnosia.

Question 15

The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the ​

A)lens.
B)iris.
C)cornea.
D)vitreous humor.

Question 16

If the human eye were not responsive to differences in the wavelength of light, we would not be able to perceive differences in ​

A)brightness. ​
B)saturation.
C)color.
D)purity.

Question 17

Light, the stimulus for vision, is ​

A)a form of chemical energy.
B)a form of mechanical energy.
C)a form of electromagnetic energy.
D)the result of vibrations of molecules.

Question 18

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by changes in the size of the ​

A)pupil.
B)lens.
C)cornea.
D)retina.

Question 19

If a person views three lights that differ only in amplitude, the person would perceive the lights as ​

A)differing in brightness.
B)different colors.
C)differing in brightness and color.
D)different shades of the same color.

Question 20

As people age, the lens of the eye loses its ability to accommodate, and it tends to remain flat instead of becoming fat and round. This suggests that as people age, they will ​

A)lose their ability to focus on objects in the distance.
B)be less likely to detect differences in light purity.
C)be more likely to detect differences in brightness and hue.
D)lose their ability to focus on objects that are close.

Question 21

The fovea is the area of the retina where _____ is best in large part because the fovea contains only _____. ​

A)peripheral vision; cones
B)peripheral vision; rods
C)visual acuity; cones
D)visual acuity; rods

Question 22

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.

A)rods; cones
B)cones; rods
C)rods; bipolar cells
D)bipolar cells; cones

Question 23

The receptive field of a visual cell refers to the

A)range of wavelengths of light to which the cell reacts.
B)length of time necessary for the cell to integrate information at the ganglion level of the retina.
C)cell's degree of sensitivity or receptivity.
D)retinal area that affects the firing of the cell.

Question 24

Petra looked directly into a very bright light and damaged her retina. The ophthalmologist told her that she has sustained massive damage to her cones, but for the most part her rods have not been affected. Petra will likely now have

A)poor vision in low illumination.
B)poor peripheral vision.
C)no color vision.
D)more accurate depth perception.

Question 25

Devin looked directly into a very bright light and damaged his retina. The ophthalmologist told him that he has sustained massive damage to his rods, but for the most part, his cones have not been affected. Devin will likely now have

A)no color vision.
B)poor vision in bright illumination.
C)poor peripheral vision.
D)more accurate depth perception.

Question 26

The structure of the eye that absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain is the ​

A)fovea.
B)lens.
C)rods and cones.
D)retina.

Question 27

Bob has visual agnosia and is unable to recognize common, everyday objects. This condition MOST likely results from damage to the ​

A)lateral geniculate nucleus. ​
B)superior colliculus.
C)dorsal stream.
D)ventral stream.

Question 28

An animal species normally active at night (or nocturnal) would be expected to have a visual system that consists primarily of ​

A)rods.
B)cones.
C)bipolar cells.
D)ganglion cells.

Question 29

Sally woke up in the middle of the night and turned on the light in her bedroom, forcing her to squint to ward off the bright light. Sally is experiencing ​

A)dark adaptation.
B)sensory adaptation.
C)light adaptation.
D)lateral antagonism.

Question 30

Cells in the visual cortex that respond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli are called ​

A)ganglion cells. ​
B)feature detectors.
C)selective detectors.
D)hypocomplex cells.

Question 31

After visual input has been processed in the primary visual cortex, signals are processed further along a number of pathways. Information about form and color is processed by the  _____ stream.

A)ventral
B)dorsal
C)medial
D)lateral

Question 32

The visual cell's receptive field

A)is always circular.
B)is rarely circular.
C)has more rods than cones.
D)can be a variety of shapes or sizes.

Question 33

After visual input has been processed in the primary visual cortex, signals are processed further along a number of pathways. The dorsal stream processes information about ​

A)form and color.
B)motion and depth.
C)brightness and contours.
D)complexity and contrast.

Question 34

When you walk into a dark room, your vision gradually improves so you can see more of your surroundings. This is an example of

A)feature detection.
B)center-surround processing.
C)dark adaptation.
D)retinal specialization.

Question 35

The area of the retina that affects firing of a cell is called the

A)cone.
B)foveal field.
C)rod.
D)receptive field.

Question 36

The process in which the lens adjusts its shape depending on the distance between the eye and the object viewed in order to project a clear image onto the retina is ​

A)accommodation.
B)focusing.
C)constriction.
D)dilation.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of vision associated with cones?

A)High visual acuity
B)D aytime vision
C)P eripheral vision
D)C olor vision

Question 38

Imagine that biologists have discovered an animal that has eyes very similar to human eyes, but that the only receptor cells in the retina are rods; there are no cones. Based on what is known about human vision, you might expect this animal to

A)have poor vision in low illumination.
B)have no color vision.
C)have poor peripheral vision.
D)be able to detect extremely fine details.

Question 39

The blind spot in the eye is ​

A)where photoreceptor cells do not "bleach."
B)the point at which ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
C)where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye.
D)what leads to color blindness.

Question 40

The optic disk is ​

A)where the optic nerve exits the retina.
B)the brain structure responsible for the merging of visual fields from both eyes.
C)where light enters the eye.
D)another term for the lens.

Question 41

Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes how visual information is transmitted to the brain? ​

A)Signals from each eye only go to the corresponding (same)hemisphere of the brain.
B)Signals from both eyes go to both hemispheres of the brain.
C)Signals from each eye only go to the opposite hemisphere of the brain.
D)Signals from the fovea of each eye go to the left hemisphere, and signals from the remaining areas of the retina go to the right hemisphere.

Question 42

Pairs of colors that produce gray tones when mixed together are known as _____ colors.

A)sedentary
B)grayscale
C)complex
D)complementary

Question 43

The action of the visual receptors supports the _____ theory of color vision.

A)Hering
B)opponent-process
C)James-Lange
D)trichromatic

Question 44

While finger painting, Chris mixed yellow paint and blue paint and ended up with green, an example of ​

A)trichromatic theory.
B)additive color mixing.
C)subtractive color mixing.
D)multiplicative color mixing.

Question 45

If you mix red, green, and blue paint, you will get ​

A)purple.
B)white.
C)orange.
D)black.

Question 46

Eric has been wearing red welding goggles for the past 30 minutes. Based on the opponent-process theory of color vision, when Eric takes off the red goggles, he should expect that objects will temporarily appear to be ​

A)blue.
B)yellow.
C)orange.
D)green.

Question 47

After visual information is processed in the primary visual cortex, it is often routed to other cortical areas for additional processing through two pathways characterized as the _____ pathways.

A)form and color
B)what and when
C)what and where
D)motion and depth

Question 48

The _____theory of color vision holds that we perceive colors because of pairs of receptors that make antagonistic responses.

A)opponent process
B)trichromatic
C)color mixing
D)color diluting

Question 49

Recent research suggests that _____ can discriminate colors more effectively than _____.

A)men; women
B)women; men
C)children; adults
D)adults; children

Question 50

While visiting the art museum, Laura stared at a black and white photograph in a yellow frame for over a minute. When she looked away from the photograph, she saw an afterimage of a rectangle. Consistent with the opponent process theory, the image she saw was

A)green.
B)red.
C)blue.
D)yellow.

Question 51

Researchers investigating feature detectors have found individual neurons that are activated by images of faces. These neurons may be adaptive primarily because they allow us to distinguish

A)friends from foes.
B)people from animals.
C)animals from plants.
D)animals from food.

Question 52

At the musical he attended over the weekend, Andrew noticed that whenever the red and green spotlights overlapped, they seemed to change to a yellow spotlight. This can be explained using the principles of

A)additive color mixing.
B)subtractive color mixing.
C)hypercomplex feature detection.
D)opponent processing of colors.

Question 53

The point where axons cross over from the inside half of each eye to the opposite half of the brain is the ​

A)optic disk.
B)optic chiasm.
C)visual solenoid.
D)optic nerve.

Question 54

Television sets are able to recreate the entire visible spectrum by additively mixing three primary colors. This process is similar to the view of human color vision called _____ theory.

A)opponent-process
B)saturation
C)complementary color
D)trichromatic

Question 55

After having your picture taken with a yellow flash, you momentarily see blue spots floating before your eyes. This phenomenon is BEST explained by

A)subtractive color mixing.
B)opponent process theory.
C)additive color mixing.
D)trichromatic theory.

Question 56

As a result of the pathway through which visual information travels from the eye to the visual cortex, images seen in the left visual field are received in

A)both the left and right visual cortices.
B)only the right visual cortex.
C)only the left visual cortex.
D)only half of the right visual cortex and half of the left visual cortex.

Question 57

The main pathway that  visual signals travel from the eye to the visual cortex is

A)optic nerve - optic chiasm - thalamus - temporal lobe.
B)optic nerve - optic chiasm - thalamus - occipital lobe.
C)optic nerve - thalamus - optic chiasm - temporal lobe.
D)optic nerve - thalamus - optic chiasm - occipital lobe.

Question 58

If you put a piece of red cellophane over a piece of blue cellophane, you will see purple. This is an example of _____ color mixing.

A)subtractive
B)primary
C)complementary
D)additive

Question 59

The primary visual cortex is located in the   _____ lobes.

A)occipital
B)temporal
C)parietal
D)frontal

Question 60

If you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which the three lights cross will lead to the perception of _____ light.

A)black
B)ultraviolet
C)white
D)infrared

Question 61

Our past experiences and current expectations often influence the way we perceive sensory information because they create ​

A)bottom-up processing.
B)a phi phenomenon.
C)feature detectors.
D)a perceptual set.

Question 62

Of the following factors, our perceptual sets are probably MOST affected by ​

A)inattentional blindness.
B)our first language.
C)what we hope to see.
D)our level of intelligence.

Question 63

Vanessa describes a new melody that she heard at a concert by telling you each of the individual notes in the order that they were played. In providing this type of description, it appears that Vanessa processed the melody using

A)top-down processing.
B)figure-ground processing.
C)opponent processes.
D)bottom-up processing.

Question 64

Inattentional blindness is MOST likely to occur when a person is

A)expecting to see a certain thing.
B)consuming caffeine.
C)studying.
D)talking on a cell phone.

Question 65

The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends MOST on _____ processing.

A)top-down
B)bottom-up
C)bottom-to-top
D)lateral

Question 66

A perceptual set implies that ​

A)people often see what they expect to see.
B)visual perception is based on a bottom-up processing strategy.
C)feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process.
D)the focused-attention stage of processing is often overridden by preattentive processes.

Question 67

Joe is shown an image made up of four lines of equal length put together to create four right angles, which he identifies as a square. This is an example of

A)accommodation.
B)feature analysis.
C)feature detection.
D)sensation.

Question 68

Which of the following theories of color vision states that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colors?

A)Additive color theory
B)O pponent process theory
C)T richromatic theory
D)Subtractive color theory

Question 69

Additive color mixing occurs when combining _____ colors.

A)two or more
B)the three primary
C)lights of different
D)pigments of different

Question 70

A visual image that persists after the stimulus is removed is known as a(n)

A)post visualization.
B)afterimage.
C)residual signal.
D)aftereffect.

Question 71

A dichromat is LEAST likely to be insensitive to the color

A)red.
B)green.
C)blue.
D)yellow.

Question 72

In explaining color vision, contemporary researchers claim that at the level of the cones, color vision occurs via a(n) _____ process, but in the thalamus and visual cortex, the process is a(n) _____ one.

A)opponent process; trichromatic
B)trichromatic; opponent process
C)trichromatic; additive
D)opponent; subtractive

Question 73

Feature analysis assumes that we progress from individual elements to the whole in the formation of our perceptions. This is a case of ​

A)bottom-up processing.
B)bottom-down processing.
C)top-down processing.
D)top-to-bottom processing.

Question 74

Three people look at the same sketch and report seeing three different things. This illustrates the contribution to perception of ​

A)stimulus ambiguity.
B)interpretation.
C)sensory readiness.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 75

Ashlynn was listening to a recording of a famous speech that was being played backward. She just heard gibberish until a classmate said the phrase, "Meet me in St. Louis," was clearly spoken. The tape was rewound and as Ashlynn listened this time, she also clearly heard the same phrase. Ashlynn's ability to detect the phrase the second time through the tape illustrates  the _____ model of perception.

A)opponent process
B)top-down processing
C)bottom-up processing
D)eclectic

Question 76

You are sitting in an arena watching the end of a very close basketball game, and you fail to notice that one of the referees has removed his shirt. This an example of ​

A)a visual illusion.
B)inattentional blindness.
C)retinal disparity.
D)attentional blindness

Question 77

The process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form is known as ​

A)perceptual set.
B)inattentional blindness.
C)feature analysis.
D)top-to-bottom processing.

Question 78

Which theory of color vision BEST explains why the color of an afterimage is the complement of the original color?

A)Trichromatic theory
B)O pponent process theory
C)Both theories explain this phenomenon equally well.
D)Neither theory adequately explains this phenomenon.

Question 79

Psychologists who took the structuralist approach to the study of consciousness believed that the best way to understand an individual's conscious experiences was to understand all the component parts that combined to produce the experience. This view is MOST consistent with  the _____ model of perception.

A)top-down processing
B)eclectic
C)bottom-up processing
D)opponent process

Question 80

Meg was talking on her cell phone while driving to work. After hitting a parked car, she told the police officer that she did not even see the car before she hit it. Meg seems to have experienced ​

A)bottom-up processing.
B)top-down processing.
C)perceptual set.
D)inattentional blindness.