Deck 6: Emotion and Affect

Question 1

Emotions comprise an important and powerful feedback system.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Anya is trying to predict how upset she would be if she got into a car accident and her car was completely totaled. Psychologists would say that Anya is engaging in affective forecasting. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Anxiety discourages people from planning ahead.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Disgust tends to make people lower both the selling price of an object and the price they would pay for it.

Question 5

When people feel angry, upset, or sad, they are experiencing ____.

A)moods
B)emotions
C)affects
D)attitudes

Question 6

Emotions can be either positive or negative. Once people experience both types of emotions, they generally try to orchestrate their lives to maximize the experience of positive emotions and minimize the experience of negative emotions. This pattern illustrates that emotions provide ____.

A)a feedback system
B)enrichment to life
C)an intent for criminal behavior
D)a motive for creative behavior

Question 7

Sherrill is really good at affective forecasting. She will probably also score high on the Managing Emotions branch of an emotional intelligence test.

Question 8

In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is termed as  ____.

A)mood
B)emotion
C)affect
D)response

Question 9

Research suggests that venting one ' s anger is a positive way to reduce anger.

Question 10

Anger is maladaptive because it prevents people from pursuing goals that might otherwise be blocked.

Question 11

Research suggests that people typically seek to cultivate positive moods prior to social interactions with a stranger.

Question 12

An important aspect of the James-Lange theory is that different emotions arise from different bodily responses.

Question 13

The "not face" is a combination of the facial expressions that people use to show disgust, anger, and contempt.

Question 14

The term "affect" refers to ____.

A)a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event
B)the automatic response that something is good or bad
C)a conscious evaluative reaction to some event
D)a judgment containing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components

Question 15

Compared to affects, emotions tend to be relatively simple and automatic.

Question 16

Contrary to what many people think, married couples generally believe (prior to having any children)that having children will make them less happy.

Question 17

Emotions are ____, whereas moods are ____.

A)clearly linked to particular events; not clearly linked to particular events
B)not clearly linked to particular events; clearly linked to particular events
C)automatic responses; conscious evaluations
D)conscious evaluations; automatic responses

Question 18

Anger is one of the most heavily regulated emotions.

Question 19

How one feels about one's health (how satisfied one is with one's health)is a stronger predictor of happiness than is one's actual level of health.

Question 20

The term "affect balance" refers to the degree to which a person's affects are stable, or consistent, across time.

Question 21

The James-Lange theory has difficulty accounting for the ____.

A)challenges some people face in identifying their emotions
B)observation that there are many similarities in emotions across cultures
C)similarities in physiological arousal across different emotions
D)ability of medications to blunt the physiological response and the emotional experience

Question 22

Affective reactions differ from emotional reactions in a number of ways. For example, affective reactions tend to ____.

A)occur automatically
B)involve a stronger behavioral component
C)be more likely to relate to particular events
D)be more complex

Question 23

Tammy is upset because she received a poor grade on an important English assignment. Tammy's reaction can be most accurately termed as a(n)____.

A)emotion
B)affect
C)mood
D)attitude

Question 24

In social psychology, the term "arousal" is used to refer to ____.

A)the physiological reaction linked to most conscious emotions
B)any positive emotion
C)any physiological response that prepares the person for sexual activity
D)sexual attraction and responsiveness

Question 25

When social psychologists talk about a quick and automatic reaction that is simply positive or negative (as opposed to being a full-blown, complex feeling), they are talking about ____.

A)mood
B)emotion
C)affect
D)drive

Question 26

According to the ____, children with Moebius syndrome-a neurological condition that affects the ability to use one's facial muscles-should have diminished intensity of their emotions.

A)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
B)facial feedback hypothesis
C)Schachter-Singer theory of emotion
D)excitation transfer theory

Question 27

A physiological reaction that involves a quickened heartbeat and more labored breathing would most likely be linked to ____.

A)control
B)arousal
C)drive
D)motivation

Question 28

People typically tend to form an affect ____.

A)within a few microseconds
B)within a few seconds or minutes
C)after a few days or weeks of being exposed to someone or something
D)across a span of several years

Question 29

Alice was attacked by a pig when she was a child and developed a strong phobia of pigs. Whenever she sees a pig-whether on a farm, in a petting zoo, or even in a movie-she feels a strong, automatic, and immediate dislike. This reaction is best classified as a(n)____.

A)emotion
B)affect
C)mood
D)attitude

Question 30

Consider the following quote: "... we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble..." With which of the following theories is this MOST consistent?

A)The Cannon-Bard theory
B)The James-Lange theory
C)The Schachter-Singer theory
D)The excitation transfer theory

Question 31

Affect differs from emotion in that affect is ____, while emotion is ____.

A)a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event; a conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event
B)an automatic response that something is good or bad; a feeling state that is not linked to a particular event
C)an automatic response that something is good or bad; a conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event
D)a conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event; an automatic response that something is good or bad

Question 32

Which of the following theories of emotion inspired the facial feedback hypothesis? ​

A)The Cannon-Bard theory
B)The James-Lange theory
C)The Schachter-Singer theory
D)The excitation transfer theory

Question 33

Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that people may sometimes mislabel or relabel their arousal states?

A)The James-Lange theory
B)The Cannon-Bard theory
C)The Schachter-Singer theory
D)The Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 34

The James-Lange theory of emotion and the facial feedback hypothesis are similar in that they both suggest that, in emotional situations, ____.

A)our physiological responses and reactions precede and help drive our conscious emotional experiences
B)our conscious emotional experiences precede and help drive our physiological responses and reactions
C)we label our emotions-decide what emotions we are feeling-by looking to the outside world
D)we label our emotions-decide what emotions we are feeling-by consciously assessing the situation

Question 35

Madge woke up this morning feeling grouchy and annoyed. When her roommate asks her why she is feeling this way, she can't seem to come up with any particular reason. Which term most accurately describes what Madge is feeling?

A)Affect
B)Emotion
C)Mood
D)Attitude

Question 36

Most researchers describe affect as ____.

A)occurring along a single dimension, ranging from negative to positive
B)occurring along a single dimension, ranging from weak to strong
C)occurring along two separate dimensions-negative and positive
D)occurring along two separate dimensions-weak and strong

Question 37

Salespeople who force themselves to smile at customers all day may actually end up feeling relatively happy. This effect can be best explained by ____.

A)the facial feedback hypothesis
B)excitation transfer theory
C)the Yerkes-Dodson law
D)catharsis theory

Question 38

Suppose Hannah is feeling unhappy. An advocate of the ____ theory of emotions might suggest that she "fake it" by smiling happily until she began to feel better. ​

A)facial feedback
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Schachter and Singer
D)excitation transfer

Question 39

Having Botox injections to one's face is likely to ____ one's ability to understand others' emotions.

A)have no impact on
B)improve
C)decrease
D)initially improve but later decrease

Question 40

The facial feedback hypothesis refers to the idea that ____.

A)facial expressions seem to have evolved in order for humans to better communicate feelings to one another
B)we should be open to feedback about what other people are feeling via their facial expressions
C)others' facial expressions can actually evoke or magnify our own emotional experiences
D)feedback from our own facial muscles can actually evoke or magnify our emotions

Question 41

The most complex form of happiness is  sometimes called ____.

A)emotional intelligence (EQ)
B)affect balance
C)positive emotion index (PEI)
D)life satisfaction

Question 42

Research on sexual arousal indicates that the link between self-reported arousal and physiological measures of arousal in the genitals is ____.

A)stronger among men than among women
B)stronger among women than among men
C)stronger among people who are generally emotional than among people who are generally unemotional-regardless of gender
D)stronger among people who are (at that moment)emotional than among people who are (at that moment)unemotional regardless of gender

Question 43

There are at least ____ basic arousal states that feel quite different.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 44

Suppose you are feeling a positive emotion such as "relief" (e.g., you thought your wallet had been stolen but realized it wasn't)or "joy" (e.g., you just heard that your older sister had a baby). Would it be possible for that emotion to be converted into another emotion via excitation transfer?

A)No, once a full-blown emotion has "registered," it cannot be converted into another emotion.
B)Yes, although typically (once a positive emotion has already been "registered")it can only be converted into another positive emotion.
C)Yes, although typically (once a positive emotion has already been "registered")it can only be converted into a negative emotion.
D)Yes, it can be converted into another positive emotion or (just as easily)into a negative emotion.

Question 45

What role does culture play in parenthood and happiness?

A)Most cultures are more concerned about the happiness of parents than the survival of their children.
B)Most cultures help promote the idea (even when false)that having children will make you happy.
C)All successful cultures encourage birth control and deliberate processing before having children.
D)Very few cultures glorify parenthood; instead, most tend to disapprove of those who reproduce.

Question 46

Research suggests that neutral forms of arousal (e.g., arousal induced by caffeine)can generally be converted-via misattribution-into ____. ​

A)negative emotions but not positive emotions
B)positive emotions but not negative emotions
C)either positive emotions or negative emotions
D)other neutral states only (e.g., excitement)-and not positive or negative emotions

Question 47

Research indicates that when men watch films of homosexual men having sex with each other, the men who are the most strongly opposed to homosexuality ____.

A)report that they are more opposed to the films than other people and show less genital arousal than other people
B)report that they are more opposed to the films than other people but actually show more genital arousal than other people
C)report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people but show less genital arousal than other people
D)report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people and also show more genital arousal than other people

Question 48

Some have suggested that, if you want a date to develop strong emotions toward you, it is a good idea to take him or her to a place that will be physiologically arousing-such as a horror movie or roller coaster. This idea is consistent with research on ____.

A)the Yerkes-Dodson law
B)reactance
C)catharsis
D)excitation transfer

Question 49

Someone might be a happy person because he enjoys many positive emotional experiences or because she hardly ever feels bad emotions. What do social psychologists use to measure this level of happiness?

A)Emotional intelligence (EQ)
B)Affect balance
C)Positive emotion index (PEI)
D)Life satisfaction

Question 50

The term "affect balance" refers to the ____.

A)degree to which a person's moods are stable, or consistent, across time
B)degree to which a person's moods are stable, or consistent, across situations
C)frequency of one's positive emotions minus the frequency of one's negative emotions
D)average level of (positive)emotions experienced by a group

Question 51

Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that excitation transfer may sometimes happen?

A)The James-Lange theory
B)The Cannon-Bard theory
C)The Schachter-Singer theory
D)The Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 52

Is the physiological arousal state the same for all emotions? Current research suggests that ____.

A)there is indeed just one basic form of arousal, though it has degrees of intensity
B)there are at least two basic arousal states-one pleasant and the other unpleasant
C)there are approximately seven basic forms of arousal, which match up to the seven basic emotions that have been identified
D)there are in fact many (a seemingly infinite number of)distinct arousal states

Question 53

A famous study  found that men approached by a female research assistant were more likely to call her after they had walked across a high, narrow bridge as opposed to after they had walked across a low, stable bridge. This finding can be most easily explained by ____.

A)the Yerkes-Dodson law
B)reactance
C)catharsis
D)excitation transfer

Question 54

In a well-known study conducted by Schachter and Singer, participants were injected either with a stimulant or a placebo and were then exposed to a highly emotional stimulus. It was found that participants showed the strongest emotional reactions when ____.

A)they were injected with a stimulant (and knew it)
B)they were injected with a stimulant (but didn't know it)
C)they were injected with a placebo (and knew it)
D)they were injected with a placebo (but didn't know it)

Question 55

Which statement is most accurate regarding the happiness levels of parents?

A)Having children increases happiness in parents.
B)Having children makes life richer and more meaningful.
C)Having children has resulted in reduced happiness levels in parents throughout history.
D)Having children decreases the belief that one will be happier as a parent, but in fact, happiness levels do increase.

Question 56

The basic arousal states are ____. ​

A)aroused, relaxed, and ready
B)sleep and wakefulness
C)anger, joy, contentment, and pain
D)pleasant and unpleasant

Question 57

Research on happiness and parenthood indicates that couples who have children are ____ than couples who do not have children, although ____.

A)happier; this finding is not consistent
B)happier; people expect that having children will make them less happy
C)less happy; this finding is not consistent
D)less happy; people expect that having children will make them happier

Question 58

Research on happiness and parenthood indicates that couples who have children are ____ than couples who do not have children, although ____.

A)happier, this finding is not consistent
B)happier, this may be a modern phenomenon
C)less happy, this finding is not consistent
D)less happy, this may be a modern phenomenon

Question 59

When women with high levels of sex guilt watch erotic films, they tend to ____. ​

A)report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, and show less genital arousal than other people
B)report that they are more opposed to the films than other people, but actually show more genital arousal than other people
C)report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people, but actually show less genital arousal than other people
D)report that they are as tolerant of the films as other people, and also show more genital arousal than other people

Question 60

Art has just been for a long run at the beach. When he arrives home, he is still breathing hard and his heart is still racing; he is physiologically highly aroused. When a neighbor bumps into him in the hallway, Art gets angry and verbally attacks the neighbor. He demands, "Did you just push me? Do you have a problem?" It seems like Art may have misattributed his arousal (from his run to his neighbor). That is, Art's behavior illustrates ____.

A)the Yerkes-Dodson law
B)disinhibition
C)catharsis
D)excitation transfer

Question 61

Which of the following items would be most likely to be found on the AIM instrument?

A)"When I am nervous, I get shaky all over."
B)"I feel guilty sometimes."
C)"I feel happier when I smile."
D)"I am generally satisfied with my life."

Question 62

Research on "positive psychology" indicates that you may be able to increase your overall level of happiness if you sit down once or twice a week and make a list of ____.

A)all the good things that have happened to you
B)all the ways that you are better than other people
C)all the bad things that have happened to other people
D)all your accomplishments at work and the money you made

Question 63

Which of the following is the best example of a low arousal and pleasant emotion?

A)Frustration
B)Tiredness
C)Relaxation
D)Astonishment

Question 64

Matt is generally an unhappy person with a pessimistic outlook on life. After a few years of trying and getting rejected, he finally gets accepted into medical school. For a few months, he is extremely happy. However, he soon returns to his previous, unhappy state. This scenario illustrates the ____.

A)hedonic treadmill
B)catharsis theory
C)risk-as-feelings hypothesis
D)broaden-and-build theory

Question 65

The factor that appears to be most strongly related to happiness is ____.

A)one's physical health or well-being
B)whether one is alone in the world or has social connections
C)the economic condition of one's country or society
D)one's economic status

Question 66

A study examined short biographies that were written by nuns in 1930. The study found that the nuns who ____ in their biographies had lived about 10 years longer than the nuns who did not.

A)focused on their adult lives rather than their childhoods
B)expressed high commitment to being a nun
C)focused on other people (rather than themselves)
D)expressed high positive emotions

Question 67

The following people have scored high on the AIM. Taking this score into account, which person would most likely have the highest quality of life?

A)Jody, who has a relatively "easy" life with lots of good experiences
B)Jim, who has a relatively "difficult" life with lots of stressors
C)Janna, whose life is a balance between good and bad experiences
D)Jarboe, who scores low on life satisfaction

Question 68

Scores on the AIM instrument tell us ____.

A)whether an emotional experience is considered good or bad by a person
B)the source of emotional experience in individuals
C)how intense an emotional experience is for a person
D)the relative balance of good versus bad emotions in a person's life

Question 69

Martin is the president of a powerful company. If he so much as frowns during a meeting, the other people in the room do everything they can to stop the potential ramifications they expect based on that frown. This reaction to Martin's anger illustrates the ____ aspect of anger.

A)action-motivating
B)conflict-defusing
C)impulsive
D)aggressive

Question 70

Research on the objective and subjective predictors of happiness indicates that ____ has only a weak relationship to happiness, but ____ is a strong predictor of happiness. ​

A)how often you get sick; how often people around you get sick ​
B)how often you get sick; how satisfied you are with your health
C)how often people around you get sick; how often you get sick
D)how satisfied you are with your health; how often you get sick

Question 71

According to catharsis theory, ____.

A)expressing anger produces a healthy release of emotions and is therefore good for the psyche
B)practicing emotional restraint of negative emotions (i.e., holding in negative emotions)can help to dissipate, or reduce, such emotions over time
C)people tend to feel unpleasant emotions when they go through a negative experience
D)emotions tend to promote interpersonal ties

Question 72

Lottery winners are no happier than anyone else a year after their big win. Similarly, people who have experienced minor physical injuries seem to adjust fairly well across time and return to their pre-injury level of happiness. These findings are consistent with research on ____.

A)the hedonic treadmill
B)the broaden-and-build theory
C)emotional intelligence (EQ)
D)personal affective indices

Question 73

Overall happiness tends to ____. ​

A)be most dependent on objective factors
B)remain the same over time
C)be governed largely by our circumstances
D)vary widely during the course of one's lifetime

Question 74

Research on the hedonic treadmill  would suggest that people who were sentenced to 10 years in prison would ____.

A)tend to show more excitation transfer of emotions as time went on
B)tend to avoid affective forecasting
C)become more and more devastated by their sentencing as time went on
D)be devastated by their sentencing, but return to nearly pre-prison levels of happiness within a few years

Question 75

The idea that people maintain relatively constant levels of happiness or unhappiness-regardless of what happens to them-has been referred to as ____.

A)the hedonic treadmill
B)the broaden-and-build theory
C)emotional intelligence (EQ)
D)personal affective index

Question 76

Routinely repressing, or seeking to conceal, feelings of anger is MOST associated with an increased risk of ____.

A)suicide
B)heart disease
C)type 2 diabetes
D)insomnia

Question 77

Research on the link between happiness and health demonstrates that ____.

A)there is actually a weak link between the two, and it is not clear what causes what
B)there is actually a weak link between the two, although it appears that health drives happiness (rather than happiness driving health)
C)there is a strong link between the two, although it is not clear what causes what
D)there is a strong link between the two, and it appears that health drives happiness (rather than happiness driving health)

Question 78

Research on marriage, parenthood, and happiness suggests that one of the happiest times in people's lives, especially for women, is the ____.

A)interval between getting engaged and the wedding day
B)interval between the wedding day and the day the first child is born
C)first year after the first child is born
D)first year after the children have grown up and left the parental home

Question 79

The emotion of anger can best be classified as ____.

A)pleasant and high in arousal
B)pleasant and low in arousal
C)unpleasant and high in arousal
D)unpleasant and low in arousal

Question 80

The strongest predictor of a person's happiness is ____.

A)the person's income (relative to the average income for his/her demographic)
B)the number of blood relatives with whom the person regularly communicates
C)the person's level of physical health
D)how happy the person was 10 years earlier