Deck 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Question 1

Prisoners who live in solitary confinement ____.

A)initially crave social contact  but get used to living alone after a few months
B)initially crave social contact  but get used to living alone after a few weeks
C)do not necessarily crave social contact  some are happy living alone
D)crave social contact,  do not get used to living alone, and take desperate measures to try to communicate with others

Answer 1

crave social contact,  do not get used to living alone, and take desperate measures to try to communicate with others

Question 2

The force that causes people to want to be together and possibly form lasting relationships can best be described as ____.

A)acceptance
B)attraction
C)reinforcer
D)reflection

Answer 2

attraction

Question 3

Most humans seek social acceptance and try to avoid rejection. How do they compare to nonhuman animals?

A)Nonhuman animals similarly seek social acceptance and try to avoid rejection.
B)Nonhuman animals also seek social acceptance but do not try to avoid rejection.
C)Nonhuman animals do not necessarily seek social acceptance, but there is evidence that they try to avoid rejection.
D)Nonhuman animals neither seek social acceptance to the same degree that humans do nor do they try to avoid rejection.

Answer 3

Nonhuman animals similarly seek social acceptance and try to avoid rejection.

Question 4

The need to belong drives people to ___. ​

A)associate with others (only)​
B)associate with others and commit to relationships (only)
C)associate with others, commit to relationships, and stay in relationships
D)stay in relationships (only)

Question 5

Anything that draws two or more people together is called ____. ​

A)attraction
B)exclusion
C)rejection
D)social acceptance

Question 6

Compared to men with ____, men with ____ tend to be kinder, gentler, and more affectionate in relationships.

A)high er levels of serotonin; high er levels of testosterone
B)low er levels of testosterone; high er levels of testosterone
C)high er levels of testosterone; low er levels of testosterone
D)high er levels of estrogen; low er levels of estrogen

Question 7

Suppose that Daniel has just begun his freshman year in college. Which of his actions best exemplifies the need to belong?

A)He buys a back pack that nobody else has so that he can stand out from the crowd.
B)He goes out to a lot of parties and social functions so that he can meet new friends, and perhaps meet a girlfriend.
C)He joins a political club on campus because he wants to be part of "something bigger."
D)Even though he is buried in work, he makes an effort to walk around campus and go downtown periodically.

Question 8

MOST people are reluctant to end or leave a relationship with another person ____.

A)only when there is a clear purpose in continuing the relationship
B)only when they admit that the relationship is coming to an end
C)only when there is a clear purpose in continuing the relationship AND they admit that the relationship is coming to an end
D)regardless of whether there is a clear purpose in continuing the relationship and regardless of whether they admit that the relationship is coming to an end

Question 9

Social exclusion is the opposite of ____.

A)acceptance
B)loneliness
C)independence
D)attraction

Question 10

Among men, which of the following is LEAST  associated  with high levels of testosterone?

A)Unstable marriage
B)Disinterest in staying at home and caring for family
C)High sex drive
D)High incidence of depression

Question 11

_____ is a situation in which other people respect and include you in their groups and relationships.

A)Social acceptance
B)Social exclusion
C)Social independence
D)Social attraction

Question 12

What makes people MOST reluctant to live alone?

A)The desire for social status
B)The drive for sex
C)The fear of uncertainty
D)The need to belong

Question 13

Dr. Gregory is liked, respected, and approved of by her colleagues. That is, she has gained her  colleagues' ____.

A)social acceptance
B)ethos
C)companionate trust
D)cognitive investment

Question 14

Research shows that, among men, high levels of testosterone are associated with risk taking and competitiveness ____.

A)but are not associated with a high sex drive
B)but are not associated with unstable marriages
C)and are also associated with a disinclination to marry and care for family
D)and are also associated with depression

Question 15

Social psychologists define the need to belong as the desire to ____.

A)be loved by a romantic partner
B)form and maintain close, lasting relationships with other individuals
C)feel that one contributes to a cause or purpose larger than oneself
D)communicate with others and/or maintain interpersonal contact with others from time to time

Question 16

MOST people find it ____ to form relationships with neighbors, co-workers, and other people. And MOST people ____ leave or end such relationships.

A)easy; just as easily
B)easy; are somewhat reluctant to
C)difficult; easily
D)difficult; are somewhat reluctant to

Question 17

On average, which group of men is likely to have the highest testosterone levels?

A)Married men
B)Divorced men (now single)
C)Single men (never married)
D)Men in multiple relationships (not married)

Question 18

Which statement regarding testosterone levels in men is MOST accurate? ​

A)They usually dip after men reach their early twenties.
B)They are usually constant throughout life.
C)They do not appear to be associated with sex drive.
D)They do not appear to be associated with risk-taking behavior.

Question 19

Based on research, how many people are by nature loners who are indifferent to human social contact?

A)Most people
B)About a third of people
C)A small minority of people
D)Virtually nobody

Question 20

Suppose that Roger is married and that he and his wife have just had a child. Jose is also married but has no children. Their friend William is recently divorced. If these men are representative of other men in the same situations, then ____.

A)Roger probably has the lowest testosterone levels
B)William probably has the lowest testosterone levels
C)Roger and William probably have the same testosterone levels,but Jose probably has higher testosterone levels
D)Jose and William probably have the same testosterone levels,but Roger probably has higher testosterone levels

Question 21

Most people do not seem out endless numbers of friends; having ____ close friends seems to be enough.

A)1 or 2
B)2 or 3
C)4 to 6
D)8 to 12

Question 22

In one survey, the majority of college students revealed that having a few close friends is ____ and having lots of casual friends is ____.

A)relatively unimportant; relatively important
B)relatively unimportant; also relatively unimportant
C)extremely important; relatively unimportant
D)extremely important; important

Question 23

Wolfgang is trying to get his new coworker, Peter, to like him. He compliments Peter's wardrobe, listens attentively to Peter's stories, and routinely takes Peter out to lunch. Wolfgang is clearly engaging in ____.

A)ostracism
B)propinquity
C)ingratiation
D)matching

Question 24

Can people satisfy the need to belong via membership in a group or organization (e.g., a club or sports team), even if they do not form friendships there?

A)No, they must have close relationships with people in order to satisfy the need to belong.
B)Yes, some people may find these social connections satisfying even if they do not form close relationships.
C)Women can satisfy the need to belong this way, but men cannot.
D)Children can satisfy the need to belong this way, but adults cannot.

Question 25

People who are high in ____ compartmentalize their social lives more than others. ​

A)self-monitoring
B)collectivism
C)self-handicapping
D)similarity biases

Question 26

Women sometimes stay in abusive relationships. Which of the following is the LEAST  likely explanation for this phenomenon?

A)To leave a relationship goes against human nature.
B)Some women have a masochistic desire to be beaten.
C)People are designed to connect, not separate.
D)People need to belong.

Question 27

Brian has about five close friends but not many casual acquaintances. If he is like most people, then ____. ​

A)he is probably satisfied
B)he probably wants more close friends and more casual acquaintances
C)he probably wants more close friends but does not necessarily feel that he needs more casual acquaintances
D)he probably feels that he has more close friends than he needs

Question 28

Among the elements of belongingness, which element do prostitutes generally lack in their line of work?

A)Regular social contact
B)Intimate interaction
C)Relationships characterized by mutual concern
D)Face-to-face contact

Question 29

Among the elements of belongingness, which element is most lacking in commuter marriages?

A)Face-to-face contact
B)A relationship characterized by mutual respect
C)Positive interactions
D)A mutual bond

Question 30

Recent research on the benefits of belongingness suggests that ____.

A)people seek out friends to appear popular on social media
B)people believe that those with no friends have meaningless lives
C)people who feel connected to a strong network of relationships see life as more meaningful
D) people who lack friends have positive beliefs about life in general

Question 31

According to social psychologists, which of the following adages is truer: "opposites attract" or "birds of a feather flock together"?

A)"Opposites attract."
B)"Birds of a feather flock together."
C)"Opposites attract" when it comes to romantic relationships but "birds of a feather flock together" when it comes to friendships
D)"Opposites attract" when it comes to friendships but "birds of a feather flock together" when it comes to romantic relationships

Question 32

Wolfgang is engaging in an act of ingratiation. What does this mean exactly?

A)He is trying to redeem himself or make up for something.
B)He is trying to get someone to do something for him.
C)He is trying to get someone to like him.
D)He is empathizing with someone.

Question 33

The broadest and simplest explanation for why people may stay in violent, abusive relationships is that ____.

A)they have extremely low self-esteem and dependency disorder
B)breaking off relationships goes against the basic tendencies of human nature
C)they believe that they deserve to be treated badly in general
D)finding a new partner takes too much effort to offset the pain caused by the relationship

Question 34

Research has demonstrated that loneliness ____.

A)has no effect on the immune system
B)strengthens the immune system (in preparation for battling disease)
C)weakens the immune system
D)strengthens men's immune systems but weakens women's immune systems

Question 35

Research has demonstrated that being relatively sociable and having close friends is ____ having less physical and mental health problems.

A)not correlated with
B)directly correlated for both men and women with
C)directly correlated for men only with
D)directly correlated for women only with

Question 36

Solitary confinement is considered an extreme form of punishment in prisons because it ____.

A)deprives individuals of interpersonal contact
B)limits individuals to a small amount of space
C)restricts privileges such as access to exercise and entertainment
D)forces individuals to reflect on their crimes

Question 37

When partners in a romantic relationship break up with each other, they often plan to remain friends. What happens in reality?

A)Most do not remain friends. But they say this (and they often try to remain friends)because they are reluctant to break social bonds.
B)Most do not remain friends, and never, in fact, expect to remain friends. They say this only to be polite.
C)Most do remain friends despite thinking that they will not.
D)Most do remain friends, though such friendships are harder to sustain than other friendships.

Question 38

Failure to satisfy the need to belong is associated with ____. ​

A)mental health problems (only)
B)poor physical health (only)
C)neither poor mental health nor poor physical health
D)both poor mental health and poor physical health

Question 39

To completely satisfy the need to belong, people must ____.

A)have both regular social contacts and ongoing relationships in which people show mutual concern for one another
B)have regular social contacts that are positive in nature-though ongoing relationships are not necessary
C)have regular social contacts-though they do not need to be positive in nature and ongoing relationships are not necessary
D)have ongoing relationships in which people show mutual concern for one another-though regular social contacts are not necessary

Question 40

According to social psychologists, when do people tend to be more attracted to others who are dissimilar to them than to others who are similar to them?

A)Not very often
B)Almost all the time
C)When it comes to romantic relationships, but not friendships
D)When it comes to friendships, but not romantic relationships

Question 41

According to ____, if a man wants a woman to like him more, then buying her flowers or candy can be an effective strategy. ​

A)the social allergy effect ​
B)reinforcement theory
C)the Coolidge effect
D)the matching hypothesis

Question 42

The matching hypothesis states that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of ____. ​

A)attractiveness
B)values
C)demographics (age, ethnicity, social class, education, etc.)
D)fertility

Question 43

The fact that dissimilarity in physical attractiveness increases the risk of breaking up illustrates ____. ​

A)the matching hypothesis
B)the propinquity effect
C)reinforcement theory
D)the social allergy effect

Question 44

The tendency for people to be attracted to others who are similar to them is probably ____; the value that people place on diversity and difference is probably ____.

A)social rather than cultural; also social rather than cultural
B)social rather than cultural; cultural rather than social
C)cultural rather than social; social rather than cultural
D)cultural rather than social; also cultural rather than social

Question 45

Pedro has a crush on Kate. Kate, however, does not feel the same way about Pedro. What is likely to be Kate's first reaction if she finds out that Pedro likes her?

A)Guilt
B)Confusion
C)Negative-She is likely to feel angry.
D)Positive-She is likely to be flattered.

Question 46

The tendency for people to be attracted to others who are similar to them (rather than different from them)is probably ____.

A)an evolved preference-adaptive for humans and present in other animals as well
B)a learned preference-something that is taught to people as part of the socialization process but not necessarily innate
C)a cultural phenomenon-something that is normative in individualistic cultures but less common in collectivistic cultures
D)an individual differences variable (i.e., a personality difference)-something that is true for some people but not for other people

Question 47

Although reinforcement theory is correct in stating that doing favors for and praising people may result in their liking you, a drawback of this type of strategy is that ____.

A)it requires that the person get to know the other individual first
B)people who rely too heavily on it may seem manipulative and insincere
C)it works only for people who are socially unsophisticated
D)most people do not want to put in the effort required to carry it out

Question 48

Quentin has certain friends that he plays soccer with, certain friends that he hangs out with on the weekends, and certain friends that he invites over to his house. His brother Billy, on the other hand, has just one set of friends with whom he does everything. It is MOST likely that ____.

A)Quentin is higher in self-monitoring than Billy is
B)Quentin is lower in self-monitoring than Billy is
C)Quentin is higher in life satisfaction than Billy is
D)Quentin is lower in life satisfaction than Billy is

Question 49

Which of the following is the MOST accurate summary of reinforcement theory?

A)We like people who like us.
B)We are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors.
C)We tend to choose friends and romantic partners who are similar to us.
D)We tend to pair up with others who are equally attractive.

Question 50

Most married couples are ____.

A)extremely similar in demographic characteristics such as education level but not necessarily similar in intelligence
B)extremely similar in traits such as intelligence but not necessarily similar in demographic characteristics
C)not necessarily similar in demographic characteristics such as education level or traits such as intelligence
D)extremely similar in both demographic characteristics such as education level and traits such as intelligence

Question 51

Petra finds out that her classmate, Julie, thinks that she is really interesting. This makes Petra like Julie more than she did before. What does research suggest about this kind of reciprocation of liking?

A)It can have a powerful effect when it comes to friendships but is more of a problem in romance.
B)It holds true only when there is some degree of liking between the two parties to begin with.
C)It occurs only among people with low self-esteem.
D)It occurs only among people with high self-esteem.

Question 52

Research has demonstrated that the matching hypothesis holds true for ____.

A)opposite-sex romantic relationships (but in no other cases)
B)all types of romantic relationships (but not for friendships)
C)all types of romantic relationships and for female-female friendships (but not for male-male friendships or female-male friendships)
D)all types of romantic relationships and all types of friendships

Question 53

As culture progresses and forms large, complex, interacting groups, there may be more need for ____. ​

A)complementarity
B)homogeneity
C)equivalence
D)similarity

Question 54

Robyn has her work friends, her school friends, her running friends, and her drinking friends. She seems to compartmentalize her social life. Based on research, you would expect Robyn to be high in ____. ​

A)self-esteem ​
B)self-actualization
C)self-monitoring
D)self-importance

Question 55

How would social psychologists respond to the lyrics "getting to know you, getting to know all about you, getting to like you"?

A)As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their similarities and, as a result, become bored with each other.
B)As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their dissimilarities and, as a result, learn to be less judgmental.
C)As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their similarities and, as a result, like each other more.
D)As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their dissimilarities and, as a result, like each other less.

Question 56

Giving praise to another person whom  you want to like you is ____.

A)always a good strategy
B)generally a good strategy but not if you have done a favor for them recently
C)generally a good strategy so long as you do not appear insincere
D)rarely a good strategy

Question 57

Which trait is most valued in social relationships?

A)Similarity
B)Propinquity
C)Trustworthiness
D)Complementarity

Question 58

Research on ingratiation has confirmed two themes of interpersonal rewards. These two themes are ____.

A)giving compliments and communicating often
B)communicating often and doing favors
C)communicating often and looking attractive
D)giving compliments and doing favors

Question 59

If you want to form a long-term relationship with someone, you will generally be happier if that person is ____. ​

A)creative ​
B)attractive
C)fun
D)moral

Question 60

People who are high in self-monitoring differ from others in a number of ways. For example, they are more likely to ____.

A)have difficulty controlling their temper when they are angry
B)have different sets of friends for different activities
C)make internal attributions for others' behaviors
D)be shy and introverted around others

Question 61

In a well-known study,social psychologists analyzed the friendship patterns among graduate students living in a dormitory. The researchers found that the strongest predictor of friendship was ____.

A)how extraverted the students were
B)similarity in terms of hobbies and activities
C)similarity in terms of basic demographics (age, gender, being single versus married, etc.)
D)how close the students lived to one another

Question 62

Suppose that Anna meets Jim at a party. After talking to him for some time, she discovers that Jim used to live in the same neighborhood that she did when she was in college. How is Anna likely to feel about Jim after hearing this information?

A)Anna will feel no differently toward Jim.
B)Anna will like Jim more than she did before.
C)Anna will develop romantic feelings toward Jim.
D)Anna will like Jim less than she did before.

Question 63

Tom's new girlfriend, Elise, has a habit of biting her nails. This did not bother Tom when he first met her, but it is beginning to annoy him more and more with each passing day. Tom is starting to think that this is a sign that Elise might not be the right person for him. What would a social psychologist say?

A)It is actually normal to be increasingly annoyed by a partner's habits-a phenomenon known as the social allergy effect.
B)It is actually normal to be increasingly annoyed by a partner's habits-a phenomenon known as the bad apple effect.
C)It is actually normal to be increasingly LESS annoyed by a partner's habits-something known as the social inoculation effect.
D)It is actually normal to be increasingly LESS annoyed by a partner's habits-something known as the relationship immunity effect.

Question 64

The term social allergy effect refers to the tendency to ____.

A)repel, or turn off, others
B)find social situations anxiety-provoking
C)find a particular person annoying or disagreeable
D)become increasingly irritated by a partners' annoying habits over time

Question 65

Apparently people sometimes like others based on nothing more than familiarity. This is called the ____.

A)social allergy effect
B)matching hypothesis
C)propinquity effect
D)Coolidge effect

Question 66

Based on research, which of the following statements is most accurate about women's preferences in men?

A)Women always prefer taller men.
B)Women prefer taller men, but higher income can make up for a lack of height.
C)Women do not look at height or income when they judge how attractive a man is.
D)Women always prefer heftier men to thin men.

Question 67

Research on one-sided, unrequited love has confirmed that people are positively attracted when they learn that someone else likes them-but if they do not want to feel the same way, they soon start to find the other person's attraction to them to be a burden or problem. Why does this happen?

A)Because of  the lack of propinquity
B)Because of  the reciprocity norm
C)Because of  the dissimilarity issue
D)Because  of the mere exposure effect

Question 68

Suppose that Person X and Person Y live close to each other and run into each other nearly every day. Compared to most people, their chances of becoming friends are ____, and their chances of becoming enemies are ____.

A)higher; much higher still
B)higher; about as high
C)higher; average
D)higher; lower

Question 69

Which of the following is TRUE about how waist-to-hip ratio affects judgments of attractiveness?

A)Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of 0.7, but women tend to not make judgments about men's attractiveness on this basis.
B)Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of 0.9, but women tend to not make judgments about men's attractiveness on this basis.
C)Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of 0.7, but women tend to prefer men with a ratio of 0.9.
D)Both men and women prefer a ratio of 0.9.

Question 70

The propinquity effect refers to the tendency for people to be relatively attracted to others ____.

A)whom  they encounter on a regular basis
B)who  are similar to them
C)who  like them
D)who  have had experiences similar to their own

Question 71

Research indicates that people are relatively attracted to others who are familiar to them as well as to others who have a history of shared experiences. Research also suggests that these effects ____.

A)are deeply rooted in the human psyche and have a long evolutionary history
B)can largely be explained by simple principles of classical conditioning
C)are relatively recent phenomena, which may well be by-products of modern, postindustrial life
D)vary enormously across cultures and thus appear to be culturally learned

Question 72

Research suggests that women tend to rate men's attractiveness based on ____.

A)waist-to-hip ratio alone
B)income alone
C)both waist-to-hip ratio and income,but income was more important
D)both waist-to-hip ratio and income, but waist-to-hip ratio was more important

Question 73

Lyndsay likes Matt a lot. Matt thinks Lindsay is okay, but he does not like her as much as she likes him. What is Matt most likely to feel with regard to Lyndsay after a while?

A)Burdened
B)Angry
C)Flattered
D)Sad

Question 74

In a well-known study, social psychologists analyzed the friendship patterns among graduate students living in a dormitory. The results of the study were MOST consistent with the ____.

A)propinquity effect
B)matching hypothesis
C)reciprocity effect
D)social allergy effect

Question 75

The mere exposure effect is probably an important part of the ____.

A)propinquity effect
B)matching hypothesis
C)reciprocity effect
D)what is beautiful is good effect

Question 76

The ____ is an example of familiarity reducing rather than increasing liking. ​

A)bystander effect ​
B)propinquity effect
C)bad apple effect
D)social allergy effect

Question 77

Compared to people who are not physically attractive, people who are physically attractive are assumed to be superior on many traits-including intelligence, sexual warmth, and popularity. This assumption is known as the ____.

A)Hollywood heuristic
B)what is beautiful is good effect
C)social allergy effect
D)beauty factor

Question 78

Tom's new girlfriend has a habit of biting her nails. This did not bother Tom when he first met her, but it is beginning to annoy him more and more with each passing day. This is an example of the ____.

A)bystander effect
B)propinquity effect
C)bad apple effect
D)social allergy effect

Question 79

According to research done with an online dating service, which profile will Sarah find most attractive?

A)Jack, who is 5 feet tall and makes $100,000
B)Sam, who is 6 feet 2 inches tall and makes $20,000
C)Quentin, who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and makes $170,000
D)David, who is 5 feet 2 inches tall and makes $180,000

Question 80

Familiarity and repeated exposure can sometimes make bad things worse. What does this idea best illustrate?

A)The  bad apple effect
B)The  social allergy effect
C)The  overexposure effect
D)The  propinquity effect