Deck 9: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of gender?

A) It is an innate trait.
B) It is based on physical traits.
C) It refers to the biological characteristics with which people are born.
D) It determines how people think or feel but does not influence their behavior.
E) It is internalized by people in the form of behavior patterns expected of each sex.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Commercializing sex demeans both women and men, but the "products" are usually women.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

There is a lingering sexism, among both men and women, that female politicians are less feminine and compassionate than the average woman.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Angie is considered genderqueer, which means she identifies her gender as falling outside the two-gender system.

Question 5

Katie does not like wearing baggy pants because she thinks they do not look feminine. Katie's opinion is based on her perception of _____.

A) sex
B) sexual orientation
C) sexual script
D) gender
E) gender stratification

Question 6

_____ refers to the biological characteristics with which people are born-chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and other physical and physiological attributes.

A) Gender
B) Sex
C) Intellect
D) Physique
E) Figure

Question 7

Daniel is conservative in his views on family issues. He is more likely to support gay marriages.

Question 8

Teachers' gender bias can affect children's occupational choices and earnings at adulthood.

Question 9

Maria delivered her baby in a city hospital. Although the baby was born healthy, the doctors were not able to determine the baby's sex as the baby's internal reproductive organs were not fully developed. In this scenario, the baby would be classified as a(n) --_____.

A) heterosexual
B) homosexual
C) intersexual
D) bisexual
E) asexual

Question 10

George is a job seeker whose education and vocational training are a part of his human capital.

Question 11

More Americans describe themselves as "pro-life" than "pro-choice."

Question 12

Sexual harassment includes only physical contact and not verbal or nonverbal behavior.

Question 13

Women are more likely than men to be hired if they earn doctoral degrees in male-dominated STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) fields.

Question 14

Functionalists usually take a neutral stand on sexual relationships outside of marriage.

Question 15

Victor, a college graduate, is romantically attracted to his friend, Marsha. This scenario illustrates Victor's _____.

A) sexual identity
B) sexism
C) gender identity
D) sexual double standard
E) homosexuality

Question 16

The United States ranks 20th on the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) score.

Question 17

Russia is one of the few liberal nations that support homosexuality.

Question 18

Men are more likely than women to report being bisexual.

Question 19

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) was an ancient practice which is no longer in effect.

Question 20

Intersexuals are those who are attracted to both sexes.

Question 21

In the context of contemporary sexual attitudes and practices, a majority of adults aged 45 and older agree that:

A) marital sexual frequency increases with age.
B) staying single is better than getting married or being in a relationship.
C) oral sex is more satisfying than vaginal sex.
D) having a satisfying sexual relationship is important, but it is not their top priority.
E) casual sex proves to be less satisfying with age.

Question 22

Which of the following statements describes the phenomenon of "the feminization of higher education"?

A) Women are more likely than are men to be selected for higher management positions.
B) Women across all racial and ethnic groups are more likely than men to finish college.
C) Women outnumber men by far in college admissions.
D) Colleges increasingly focus on educating people about feminism and its effects.
E) Students prefer female professors to male professors, which has led to an increase in their numbers.

Question 23

Marie is a preschool teacher. Ninety-three percent of her colleagues are female. This stark imbalance in gender ratio is an example of _____.

A) sexual orientation
B) gender expression
C) individual discrimination
D) occupational sex segregation
E) gender pay gap

Question 24

Teenagers are more likely to engage in sex at any early age if they:

A) grow up in nuclear families.
B) achieve good grades and are popular.
C) use alcohol or other drugs or experience domestic violence.
D) are orthodox in their views and beliefs.
E) believe that it will not lead to the commitments of a serious relationship.

Question 25

The people of a town called Bridgedale look down on women who have multiple sexual partners. However, men can have as many partners as they wish. Some people even expect girls to have sex only after marriage. In this scenario, people of Bridgedale display _____.

A) radical feminism
B) heterosexism
C) hypersexualization of women
D) sexual double standard
E) occupational sex segregation

Question 26

Two of the most controversial and politically contested issues continue to be abortion and _____.

A) casual sex
B) same-sex marriage
C) the use of contraceptives
D) the legal age for sexual intercourse
E) morality of live-in relations

Question 27

Smith was born with male genitals. However, he wears makeup, earrings, skirts, tops, and heels although these are not associated with his sex. From the information given in this scenario, we can conclude that Smith is most likely a(n):

A) genderqueer.
B) lesbian.
C) transsexual.
D) intersexual.
E) cross-dresser.

Question 28

Which of the following statements best illustrates a gender stereotype?

A) He is handsome; she is beautiful.
B) He is smart; she is intelligent.
C) He is careless; she is inattentive.
D) He is firm; she is stubborn.
E) He is fair; she is honest.

Question 29

Sandra is amazed at the choice of clothes of her six-year-old daughter, Maggie. She notices that Maggie has developed a fashion sense, which she insists on following. She also changes her clothing style according to those worn by her favorite TV stars. This is an example of _____.

A) sexual double standard by men
B) increasing hypersexualization of women
C) sexual orientation
D) heterosexism
E) feminization of society

Question 30

Which of the following is true of abortions?

A) The abortion rate increased during the 1970s.
B) Most of the women who get abortions do not have any children.
C) Most women getting abortions belong to upper-middle class and upper class.
D) Abortion is specific to certain religions.
E) Most women getting abortions lack even the basic education.

Question 31

Lisa has a number of close friends of both sexes. However, she is not attracted to either sex. In this scenario, Lisa is _____.

A) homosexual
B) bisexual
C) heterosexual
D) intersexual
E) asexual

Question 32

Which of the following is a common characteristic of most women who get abortions?

A) They have not had children before.
B) They have incomes near or below the poverty level.
C) They enjoy a good relationship with their partners.
D) They are usually divorced or widowed.
E) They are rich and want to maintain a lifestyle free from responsibilities.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true in the context of gender, family life, and work conflicts?

A) Mothers are four times more likely to do home repairs and maintenance than fathers.
B) Women do more housework than they used to.
C) There are gender differences in parenting tasks.
D) Mothers tend to do more of the enjoyable tasks than fathers.
E) Fathers do most of the daily tasks like picking children up from school or day care and feeding, bathing, and putting them to bed than mothers.

Question 34

On a physical level, a legal abortion in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks):

A) can cause minor discomfort for several months.
B) can endanger the mother's life.
C) is the same as killing a newborn baby.
D) does not require the mother's informed consent.
E) is safer than continuing a pregnancy.

Question 35

In the context of gender disparity in U.S. elective offices, women are the most underrepresented as _____.

A) member of the senate
B) mayor
C) secretary of state
D) governor
E) state comptroller

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of the gender pay gap?

A) The average woman must work almost nine extra weeks every year to make the same wages as a man.
B) Women receive half the pay men receive for the same work.
C) Beyond a certain designation, men and women receive equal pay for equal work.
D) Women are paid less than men because they are generally less qualified than men in almost all fields.
E) The gender pay gap continues to increase even as women on average work for more hours than men.

Question 37

_____ are social structures that enable people's unequal access to wealth, power, status, prestige, opportunity, and other valued resources because of their sex.

A) Political action committees
B) Booster clubs
C) Gendered institutions
D) Total institutions
E) Virtual organizations

Question 38

_____ is a fear and hatred of lesbians and gays.

A) Androphobia
B) Xenophobia
C) Homophobia
D) Gynophobia
E) Pedophobia

Question 39

Which of the following is a major reason for the decrease in abortion rates?

A) Legalizing the age for sexual relationships
B) Increasing the religious inclination of people
C) Greater access to emergency contraception
D) Changing the youth's views on sex and raising children
E) Government's declaration of increasing child welfare benefits

Question 40

Jonathan's parents suspect that he is gay, and they decide to have a discussion with him about it. They want Jonathan to conform to the societal norms of heterosexuality. In this scenario, Jonathan's parents are apprehensive of his _____.

A) asexuality
B) sexual orientation
C) gender identity
D) sexist attitude
E) gender stereotype

Question 41

David, during a tour of Asian countries, witnessed honor killing in a village in Pakistan. Which of the following statements describes this term?

A) The killing of an animal, as sacrifice, for a religious ritual
B) The offering of a child, as sacrifice, as part of a religious ritual to ensure continued prosperity of the family
C) The killing of a woman after her husband's death
D) The murder of a girl child because she is considered a financial burden
E) The murder of a family member who has shamed the family by being a rape victim

Question 42

Which of the following is a theoretical perspective that analyzes gender and sexuality at a micro level?

A) Conflict theorist perspective
B) Functionalist perspective
C) Feminist perspective
D) Symbolic interactionist perspective
E) Postmodernist perspective

Question 43

Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of women in high-level political positions?

A) Rwanda
B) Chile
C) Peru
D) Jordan
E) Egypt

Question 44

Which of the following is a theoretical perspective that analyzes gender and sexuality at both macro and micro levels?

A) Feminist perspective
B) Structuralist perspective
C) Conflict theorist perspective
D) Symbolic interactionist perspective
E) Functionalist perspective

Question 45

Identify a key point about gender and sexuality made by feminists.

A) Women's inequality reflects their historical and current domination by men, especially in the workplace.
B) The social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
C) Agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
D) Gender is a social construction that emerges and is reinforced through everyday interactions.
E) Women and men have distinct roles that ensure a family's and society's survival.

Question 46

Identify a measure that the government has taken to restrict abortion.

A) Penalizing women with a fine of $5,000
B) Suspending the licenses of doctors who agree to carry out the procedure
C) Cutting public funding for abortions for low-income women
D) Evicting women from public housing if they get an abortion
E) Mandating women to undertake a session on the harmful effects of abortion

Question 47

Worldwide variation in the context of gender inequality and sexual oppression shows that:

A) behavior is learned, not innate.
B) genetic mutation is the most significant factor in determining behavior.
C) social and cultural norms are not strong enough to overcome inherent human tendencies.
D) gender inequality is widespread in Third World countries.
E) religion breeds discrimination.

Question 48

Alexis has a doctorate in physics. Despite being highly qualified, she earns much less than her male counterparts. Among the countries in the European Union, such a pay gap is commonly seen in _____.

A) Croatia
B) Spain
C) Austria
D) Germany
E) Poland

Question 49

Mirembe, a 20-year-old Ethiopian villager, was delivering her first child. She developed complications and died while trying to give birth. The doctor later informed her family that the complications were due to a procedure that Mirembe underwent in childhood, which restricted the baby from emerging. Mirembe's complications were most likely a result of _____.

A) cosmetic surgery
B) female genital mutilation
C) a miscarriage
D) an abortion
E) vaginal reconstruction surgery

Question 50

Which of the following is an argument used against the legalization of gay marriages?

A) Children raised by gay parents are worse off than those raised by heterosexual parents.
B) Children raised by gay parents do not develop a healthy sexual identity.
C) Gay marriages are not stable and do not last.
D) An economy fails to gain from gay marriages because they have a negative impact on businesses.
E) People can love each other without getting married.

Question 51

Philip and Roger have decided to get married. However, their decision has received a mixed response from the society. Who among the following is most likely to support their marriage?

A) Martha, a 55-year-old
B) Aaron, a fervent Jew
C) Ricardo, a homophobic
D) Chris, a 20-year-old
E) Peter, an orthodox Christian

Question 52

The United States ranks _____ in women's political leadership.

A) 2nd
B) 80th
C) 23rd
D) 64th
E) 10th

Question 53

In all countries and regions, the greatest gender gaps are in:

A) political awareness.
B) educational attainment.
C) economic opportunity and participation.
D) health and survival.
E) legal expertise.

Question 54

Which of the following country's parliament recently banned lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender (LGBT) relationships and forbade distributing material on gay rights?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Indonesia
E) Afghanistan

Question 55

Angela is a medical student. Her views on abortion are the same as a strong majority of Americans. This implies that:

A) she wants to keep it legal.
B) she wants it to be made illegal in all cases.
C) she believes the choice should be left with the mother.
D) she supports it only if the reason is a health issue.
E) she supports it only if it is carried out in the first trimester.

Question 56

Which of the following is a key point of the conflict theory on gender and sexuality?

A) Agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
B) Most societies regulate women's, but not men's, sexual behavior.
C) Women's inequality reflects their historical and current domination by men, especially in the workplace.
D) Gender is a social construction that emerges and is reinforced through everyday interactions.
E) The social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.

Question 57

Rahul is a husband and father. He is competitive and works hard to earn for his family. According to functionalists, Rahul plays a(n) _____.

A) communicative role
B) expressive role
C) submissive role
D) instrumental role
E) emotional role

Question 58

Which of the following is a key point of the feminist theory on gender and sexuality?

A) Gender roles are complementary, equally important for a society's survival, and affect human capital.
B) Agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
C) The social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
D) Gender is a social construction that emerges and is reinforced through everyday interactions.
E) Many men use violence-including sexual harassment, rape, and global sex trafficking-to control women's sexuality.

Question 59

Claudia resigned from her job when she was expecting a child. She now stays at home looking after her baby and provides moral support to her husband. According to functionalists, Claudia plays a(n) _____.

A) influential role
B) contributory role
C) expressive role
D) dominant role
E) instrumental role

Question 60

Which of the following is one of the five bottom countries in gender equality?

A) India
B) Finland
C) United States
D) Iraq
E) Yemen

Question 61

Describe the transgender categories.

Question 62

Comment on the greater acceptance of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender people (LGBT) in current times.

Question 63

In the context of gender and sexuality, what are the limitations of the functionalist theory?

Question 64

Summarize the critical evaluation of symbolic interactionist perspectives on gender and sexuality.

Question 65

Describe the difference in sexuality as people age.

Question 66

In the context of gender and sexuality, which of the following is a perspective presented by symbolic interactionists?

A) Agreed-on sexual norms contribute to a society's order and stability.
B) Women and men have distinct roles that ensure a family's and society's survival.
C) The social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
D) Gender roles give men power to control women's lives.
E) Women's inequality reflects their historical and current domination by men, especially in the workplace.

Question 67

Briefly explain the four types of sexual orientations.

Question 68

Elaborate on gender pay gap.

Question 69

Define same-sex marriages, and state the benefits to which same-sex couples are entitled.

Question 70

Briefly explain the factors that shape one's sexual orientation.

Question 71

Define gender.

Question 72

Explain gender stratification in family life.

Question 73

_____ believe that gender stratification benefits men and capitalism, but emphasize that women's subordination also includes their daily vulnerability to male violence.

A) Conflict theorists
B) Symbolic interactionists
C) Feminists
D) Postmodernists
E) Functionalists

Question 74

Describe occupational sex segregation.

Question 75

Briefly describe the role of women in U.S. politics.

Question 76

Florence liked her job profile and salary. However, when she returned from a four-month maternity leave she found that her profile had been altered and she was not eligible for a promotion that year. Functionalists would view this as a detrition of Florence's _____.

A) human capital
B) health
C) charisma
D) instrumental role
E) expressive role

Question 77

Identify a key point stated by symbolic interactionists about gender and sexuality.

A) Gender roles are complementary, equally important for a society's survival, and affect human capital.
B) Women and men have distinct roles that ensure a family's and society's survival.
C) The social construction of sexuality varies across cultures because of societal norms and values.
D) Gender is a social construction that emerges and is reinforced through everyday interactions.
E) Many men use violence-including sexual harassment, rape, and global sex trafficking-to control women's sexuality.

Question 78

Discuss the views in favor of and against abortion.

Question 79

What are the reasons for the decrease in abortion rates?

Question 80

Aditi, a 22-year-old, marries a boy chosen by her parents. She had never met the boy before but agrees to the marriage out of respect for her parents' wishes. This scenario is an example of a(n) _____.

A) outdated marriage
B) child marriage
C) arranged marriage
D) religious marriage
E) forced marriage