Deck 16: Social Change: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Technology

Question 1

Convergence theory asserts that crowds are highly suggestible and out of control.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Resource mobilization theory largely ignores the role of relative deprivation in a social movement's formation.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If a social movement is successful, it can become an interest group and a part of society's fabric.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to resource mobilization theory, people often feel that they deserve better than they have.

Question 5

Carl participated in a protest against police brutality. During the protest, a few members of the protest group started vandalizing public property. Carl, who is otherwise calm and controlled, also joined them in vandalizing the property. In this scenario, Carl's behavior illustrates _____.

A) contagion theory
B) convergence theory
C) emergent norm theory
D) structural strain theory
E) value-added theory

Question 6

Minimally invasive robotic surgeries usually result in longer recovery processes.

Question 7

3-D printing is a process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.

Question 8

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that applies to all practical uses of living organisms.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best defines social change?

A) It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
B) It is the act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
C) It is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.
D) It refers to the spontaneous and unstructured social behavior of a large number of people.
E) It refers to the transformations of societies and social institutions over time.

Question 10

Relative deprivation theory is broader than mass society theory.

Question 11

_____ refers to a process of people moving about, talking to one another, and becoming increasingly excited.

A) Milling
B) Hysteria
C) Gossip
D) Panic
E) Phobia

Question 12

Biotechnological advances are most readily available to higher-income people.

Question 13

According to the structural strain theory, leaders emerge during the social control stage.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of collective behavior?

A) It enables people to earn and save money by sharing goods and services.
B) It does not have long-lasting effects on society.
C) It is static and does not vary in its degree of spontaneity.
D) It is an act rather than a state of mind.
E) It promotes the rights and welfare of all people.

Question 15

Nanotechnology is based on the structures and functions of living organisms.

Question 16

Urban legends are also known as mass hysteria.

Question 17

A protest crowd is a group of people who assemble for a specific purpose and follow established norms.

Question 18

Collective behavior that is structured and enduring brings long-term social changes.

Question 19

Mass society theory helps people understand collective theory that crosses international boundaries.

Question 20

According to relative deprivation theory, shared beliefs combined with unfulfilled expectations can trigger change-oriented social movements.

Question 21

MedHope is a multispecialty hospital that provides high-quality healthcare. The staff of the hospital went on strike after the management refused to increase their pay. During the strike, the nurses developed new standards of protests, which included a sit-in, in order to come to an agreement with the management. Identify the theory of collective behavior illustrated in this scenario.

A) Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Value-added theory

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of an urban legend?

A) A television news report about a scam
B) An anecdote about a politician's past
C) An online video clipping of police brutality
D) A girl sharing secrets with her friend
E) A student spreading false information about a teacher

Question 23

_____ emphasizes that social norms shape crowd behavior.

A) Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Value-added theory

Question 24

When a riot broke out in the city of Verdana, the police tried to hold back the crowd using water cannons. According to the structural strain theory, the action taken by the police to regulate the crowd can be best described as _____.

A) mass hysteria
B) milling
C) structural conduciveness
D) propaganda
E) social control

Question 25

James was part of a riot that took place in his hometown against a government policy that was in favor of the wealthy population. One of the common issues faced by all the rioters was poverty and unemployment, and they were frustrated over the level of inequality between them and the wealthy citizens of the town. According to the structural strain theory, which of the following terms would be used to describe the frustrations that triggered James and the other rioters to protest?

A) Collective flight
B) Precipitating factors
C) Social control
D) Structural conduciveness
E) Milling

Question 26

Which of the following theories proposes that collective behavior occurs only if six "value-added" conditions are present?

A) Contagion theory
B) Convergence theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Structural strain theory
E) Cognitive theory

Question 27

Urban legends are:

A) widespread attitudes on a particular issue.
B) unexpected events that cause widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.
C) gaps between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
D) stories-funny, horrifying, or just odd-that supposedly happened somewhere.
E) reactions to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.

Question 28

Which of the following statements best defines a fad?

A) It is an act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
B) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger .
C) It is a fashion that spreads rapidly and enthusiastically but lasts only a short time.
D) It is an act of spreading information or misinformation to influence people's attitude or behavior.
E) It is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of convergence theory?

A) Fads
B) Rallies
C) Milling
D) Rumors
E) Hysteria

Question 30

Business Tower, a 35-storey building, houses the top corporations of the world. One summer afternoon, a short circuit in one of the wires of the building triggered the fire alarm. As soon as the alarm started ringing, there was a sudden, uncontrollable fear and anxiety among the people working in the building. The danger seemed so immense that people reacted irrationally, jammed the escape route, and started jumping off the building. As a result, a lot of people died, and many were seriously injured. In the given scenario, which of the following terms can be used to describe the irrational behavior of people?

A) Structural strain
B) Propaganda
C) Fad
D) Panic
E) Mania

Question 31

Which of the following is a difference between convergence theory and contagion theory?

A) Convergence theory argues that a crowd influences an individual, while contagion theory states that individuals affect a crowd.
B) Convergence theory argues that individuals react spontaneously to a situation, while contagion theory states that individuals develop norms as a situation unfolds.
C) Convergence theory argues that individuals affect a crowd, while contagion theory states that the crowd affects an individual.
D) Convergence theory argues that crowds consist of dissimilar individuals, while contagion theory states that crowds consist of like-minded people.
E) Convergence theory argues that social norms shape crowd behavior, while contagion theory states that crowds are always orderly and focused.

Question 32

Identify the reason why people believe an urban legend.

A) It is based on scientific evidence.
B) It strengthens norms of what is deviant or unacceptable.
C) It is told by people they trust.
D) It makes them feel superior.
E) It gives them a sense of belonging.

Question 33

A _____ is unfounded information that people spread quickly.

A) riot
B) fad
C) rumor
D) mob
E) fact

Question 34

_____ is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.

A) Mass hysteria
B) Public opinion
C) Gossip
D) Propaganda
E) Relative deprivation

Question 35

A(n) _____ is a group of people, not necessarily in direct contact with each other, who are interested in a particular issue.

A) cobot
B) fad
C) swarm
D) assembly
E) public

Question 36

According to structural strain theory, in the growth and spread of a generalized belief stage, _____.

A) opposing groups prevent, interrupt, or repress those advocating social change
B) people attribute the problem to a person or group
C) leaders emerge
D) community leaders ridicule or quash the emerging collective behavior
E) people see a situation as their own fault

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of emergent norm theory?

A) People are spontaneously infected with the emotions of others.
B) Crowd members develop norms as an unusual situation unfolds.
C) It explains why many crowds are disorderly and mob-like.
D) It explains which norms emerge, why, and how they differ in crowds.
E) It explains why some participants conform to emergent norms while others ignore them.

Question 38

_____ is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.

A) Propaganda
B) Gossip
C) An urban legend
D) A disaster
E) A fad

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a fad?

A) Jamming an escape route
B) Bean bag chairs
C) Rallies
D) Anecdotes about politicians
E) Protests

Question 40

Sadie told a few of her friends at school that their physics teacher was selling drugs to students. Though the information was baseless, it spread to the entire school, and the physics teacher was asked to step down when the enquiry was in progress. In this case, the information spread by Sadie is an example of a _____.

A) rumor
B) fad
C) rage
D) fact
E) riot

Question 41

Which of the following statements best defines a riot?

A) It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.
B) It is a fashion that spreads rapidly and enthusiastically but lasts only a short time.
C) It is a loose collection of people who have little in common except for participating in a common event.
D) It is a widespread opinion of people on a particular issue.
E) It is a violent crowd that directs its hostility at a wide and shifting range of targets.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true of relative deprivation theory?

A) People always react to relative deprivation by forming social movements.
B) It explains why some people join movements even though they do not see themselves as deprived.
C) It explains why some people join movements even though they do not expect to gain anything personally if the movement succeeds.
D) It is narrower than mass society theory.
E) According to relative deprivation theorists, people often feel that they deserve better than they have.

Question 43

Unlike earlier perspectives of social movements, new social movements theory:

A) examines groups that are novel.
B) helps people understand collective behavior that crosses international boundaries.
C) ignores people's altruistic motivations.
D) overemphasizes ecological threats to people all over the world.
E) shows little interest about its own community's environment.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of the emergence stage of a social movement?

A) The number of staff positions increases, members draw up bylaws, and the organization hires outsiders.
B) The original leaders move on to better paying and more influential positions.
C) The movement develops chapters at local, regional, national, and international levels.
D) Leaders verbalize the feelings of the discontented, crystallize the issues, and push for action.
E) If the discontent resonates among growing numbers of people, the movement may die.

Question 45

Identify a true statement about revolutionary social movements.

A) They are based on spiritual or supernatural beliefs.
B) They form immediately after an earlier movement has succeeded in creating change.
C) They bring change in society through the use of violence and intimidation.
D) They seek limited change and only for some people.
E) They are the least threatening to the status quo and do not want to replace the existing social order.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of resource mobilization theory?

A) It states social movements are formed by people who feel alienated, isolated, and disconnected from others.
B) It ignores the role of organization and leadership in forming a social movement.
C) It focuses on the role of relative deprivation in a social movement's formation.
D) It helps people understand collective behavior that crosses international boundaries.
E) It emphasizes on structural factors in explaining why some social movements thrive whereas others shrivel.

Question 47

Nina is part of a group that was formed to prevent cruelty toward animals. They organize fund-raisers, promote vegetarianism, and conduct stage protests against organizations that test products on animals. Which of the following social movements is illustrated in this scenario?

A) Resistance social movement
B) Expressive social movement
C) Revolutionary social movement
D) Reformative social movement
E) Redemptive social movement

Question 48

Which of the following statements best describes alternative social movements?

A) They want to completely destroy the existing social order and replace it with a new one.
B) They focus on changing some people's attitudes or behavior in a specific way.
C) They are a big threat to the status quo as they propose a dramatic change for everyone.
D) They want to change everyone, but only in a specific way.
E) They try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of a casual crowd?

A) A group of people attending a wedding
B) A group of people exiting a building
C) A crowd attending a graduation ceremony
D) A group of people shopping at a mall
E) A crowd attending a baseball match

Question 50

_____ is a broad term that applies to all practical uses of living organisms.

A) Biochemistry
B) Biomechanics
C) Biotechnology
D) Nanotechnology
E) Artificial intelligence

Question 51

Which of the following best defines a robot?

A) It is a broad term that applies to all practical uses of living organisms.
B) It is the ability to build objects one atom or molecule at a time.
C) It is t he use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products.
D) It is the process of making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.
E) It is a machine that is programmed to perform humanlike functions.

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of an acting crowd?

A) Soccer fans storming a field
B) People watching a street performer
C) Civil rights marchers
D) Spectators at the scene of a fire
E) Shoppers at a busy mall

Question 53

Which of the following is a component of public opinion?

A) It is about a matter that concerns many people.
B) It is based on actions rather than words.
C) It involves a noncontroversial issue.
D) It is not influenced by propaganda.
E) It does not affect collective behavior.

Question 54

In the _____ stage of a social movement, an organization becomes more bureaucratic and self-sufficient.

A) institutionalization
B) emergence
C) coalescence
D) decline
E) resurgence

Question 55

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following statements is true of a social movement?

A) It should try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred.
B) It takes more than feeling alienated or disadvantaged to sustain a social movement.
C) It should offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others.
D) It should focus on bridging the gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society .
E) It will succeed if it seeks limited change and does not threaten the present state of affairs of the society.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of propaganda?

A) It can be swayed by public opinion.
B) It can create attitudes that will arouse collective outbursts.
C) It cannot be conveyed through rumor.
D) It cannot be used to gain followers for a cause.
E) It is a type of collective behavior.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of mass society theory?

A) A criticism of mass society theory is that it does not explain why some people form extreme political movements like Fascism and Nazism.
B) It is the modern explanation for why social movements emerge.
C) A criticism of mass society theory is that movement organizers are well-integrated into their families.
D) It is broader than relative deprivation theory.
E) According to this theory, a social movement will succeed if it can put together (or mobilize) an organization and leadership dedicated to advancing its cause.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of social movements?

A) They are initiated solely for the purpose of generating a social change.
B) They involve a lot of face-to-face interaction.
C) They have the same characteristics as the other forms of collective behavior.
D) They are goal-oriented and can have a lasting impact on society.
E) They are unstructured and spontaneous.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true about redemptive social movements?

A) They are based on spiritual or supernatural beliefs.
B) They form immediately after an earlier movement has succeeded in creating change.
C) They bring change in society through the use of violence and intimidation.
D) They seek limited change and only for some people.
E) They try to preserve the status quo by blocking change or undoing change that has already occurred .

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true of new social movements theory?

A) It is especially interested in "the struggle to liberate the voices of the dispossessed."
B) It became prominent during the 1950s.
C) It proposes that many recent movements promote the welfare of specific groups in particular countries.
D) It does not help people understand how collective behavior crosses international boundaries.
E) It ignores people's altruistic motivations.

Question 61

Define public opinion. Describe its components, and illustrate your answer with an example.

Question 62

Discuss the institutionalization stage of a social movement.

Question 63

A(n) _____ is a building block of the human body that can replicate indefinitely.

A) zygote
B) stem cell
C) nerve cell
D) embryo
E) gene

Question 64

Describe any two types of social movements.

Question 65

Explain the terms panic and mass hysteria. Examine the impact they have on people.

Question 66

In which of the following ways does new technology benefit older adults?

A) It is paid for by Medicare.
B) It is inexpensive and affordable.
C) It is quickly adopted by them.
D) It allows them to live at home rather than in an institutional setting.
E) It acts as a good source of entertainment and emotional support.

Question 67

In the context of technology, which of the following is a benefit of robotic surgery?

A) It is inexpensive compared to traditional surgery.
B) It is a painless process.
C) It has more advantageous outcomes than traditional surgery.
D) It is compatible with traditional operating instruments and equipment.
E) It reduces physician fatigue.

Question 68

Explain emergent norm theory.

Question 69

Critically evaluate the convergence theory of collective behavior.

Question 70

Discuss the reasons for the emergence of a fad.

Question 71

In the context of technology, identify a true statement about collaborative consumption.

A) The cost of purchasing products or services is borne by one individual.
B) The ownership of the assets is transferred to the user.
C) It revolutionizes manufacturing by making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model.
D) It enables people to earn and save money by sharing goods and services.
E) It is an expensive form of trading.

Question 72

Anne went to a doctor during her pregnancy to find out if her baby could inherit any disorders from her or her husband. The doctor performed a few diagnostic tests to help determine if her baby had any disorders. In the given scenario, identify the form of technology the doctor is likely to have used.

A) Biometrics
B) Claytronics
C) Artificial intelligence
D) Biotechnology
E) Nanotechnology

Question 73

Critically evaluate the mass society theory and new social movements theory.

Question 74

Define a riot. How do riots differ from mobs?

Question 75

_____ can be preserved and used in the treatment of diseases like leukemia , Parkinson's disease, and numerous other health problems .

A) Stem cells
B) Nerve cells
C) Muscle cells
D) Genes
E) Zygotes

Question 76

Describe any two types of crowds, and support your answer with an example each.

Question 77

Critically evaluate the relative deprivation theory of social movement.

Question 78

Explain how new social movements theory differ from earlier theories of social movement.

Question 79

Explain the stages of a social movement.

Question 80

What is propaganda? Discuss the impact it has on public and public opinion. Support your answer with examples.