Deck 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Homicide and suicide are among the leading causes of death in early adulthood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cataracts, glaucoma, and hearing loss are usually problems of late adulthood.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Mature learners are less likely than younger learners to find a subject matter interesting for its own sake.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Sexual dysfunctions are acute or non-chronic problems in becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm.

Question 5

The stress hormones connected with euphoria can constrict the blood vessels to the heart, leading to a heart attack in people who are vulnerable.

Question 6

The climacteric refers to gradual increases in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries.

Question 7

The resting metabolic rate-also called the basal metabolic rate-increases during middle adulthood.

Question 8

Cancer is a chronic, noncommunicable disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells.

Question 9

Reaction time is the amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus.

Question 10

Benign tumors do not spread and rarely pose a threat to life, whereas malignant cancer tumors invade and destroy surrounding tissue.

Question 11

The majority of women aged 50 and above are sexually active and most of them report being sexually satisfied.

Question 12

Leukocytes engulf and kill pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and worn-out and cancerous body cells.

Question 13

With aging, the tissues in our body become more capable of taking up glucose from the bloodstream.

Question 14

Mature learners are often unsure as to whether or not they should share their thoughts or perspectives with their class.

Question 15

Most people are more likely to retain or expand their general knowledge in middle adulthood.

Question 16

Crystallized intelligence tends to increase during adulthood, while fluid intelligence tends to decrease.

Question 17

Prolonged stress suppresses the functioning of the immune system.

Question 18

Middle adulthood does not offer people opportunities for exercising creativity, expanding knowledge, and gaining intellectual experience.

Question 19

Heart disease most commonly results from arteriosclerosis or hardening of the arteries.

Question 20

Erectile problems can arise when dilated   arteries leading to the penis overwhelm the penis with blood and oxygen.

Question 21

Which of the following is a similarity between benign tumors and malignant tumors?

A) Both are cancerous and pose a threat to life.
B) Both invade and destroy surrounding tissues.
C) Both release cells that form metastases.
D) Both are formed by uncontrollable growth of cells.

Question 22

Mark is 50 years old, and he enjoys his work as a car mechanic. Lately, he has been finding it difficult to focus on the intricate interiors of the engine. Mark is most likely suffering from _______.

A) presbyopia
B) aphakia
C) amblyopia
D) diplopia

Question 23

Which of the following is the basic fuel and energy source for cells?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Glucose
D) Calcium

Question 24

Which of the following is a measure of the health of the heart?

A) A baseline electrocardiogram
B) A digital rectal exam
C) A mammogram
D) A baseline electroencephalogram

Question 25

Which of the following is one of the three leading causes of death in early adulthood?

A) Suicide
B) Heart disease
C) Cancer
D) AIDS

Question 26

Which of the following tests is used to screen women for breast cancer?

A) An electrocardiogram
B) A mammogram
C) An electroencephalogram
D) A lymphogram

Question 27

Which of the following statements is accurate about physical development during middle adulthood?

A) During middle adulthood, reaction time decreases, whereas bone density increases.
B) During middle adulthood, the basal metabolic rate increases, whereas lean-body mass increases.
C) During middle adulthood, lung capacity decreases, whereas body mass index increases.
D) During middle adulthood, lung capacity increases, whereas reaction time decreases.

Question 28

Bertha is a 50-year-old woman who has enjoyed excellent vision throughout her life. Lately, she has found it difficult to read. She has also found it hard to differentiate between her many pairs of earrings. Wearing reading glasses has helped to a great extent. In this scenario, Bertha is most likely suffering from _____.

A) diplopia
B) aphakia
C) presbyopia
D) amblyopia

Question 29

Hair usually begins to gray in middle adulthood because of ______.

A) a decrease in the production of melanin
B) the replacement of muscle tissues by fat tissues
C) an increase in the production of insulin
D) a decrease in the production of prolactin

Question 30

In the United States, which of the following communities has the poorest survival rate from cancer?

A) Latin Americans
B) African Americans
C) American Indians
D) European Americans

Question 31

The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?

A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Estrogen
D) Testosterone

Question 32

The integumentary system refers to _______.

A) the body's system of skin, hair, and nails
B) the body's defenses against infections and foreign agents
C) the body's system of hormones and glands
D) the body's system of veins, arteries, and capillaries

Question 33

Which of the following changes occurs during middle adulthood?

A) Aerobic capacity increases.
B) The amount of muscle decreases.
C) Bone density increases.
D) The amount of fat decreases.

Question 34

Which of the following refers to the fatty deposits that develop in the lining of arteries?

A) Tumor
B) Plaque
C) A clot
D) A lipoma

Question 35

The wrinkling associated with aging is actually caused by ______.

A) changes in the nervous system
B) a decline in the basal metabolic rate
C) the loss of bone density
D) exposure to ultraviolet rays

Question 36

Which of the following increases during middle adulthood?

A) Bone density
B) Body mass index
C) Blood sugar tolerance
D) The basal metabolic rate

Question 37

During middle adulthood, aerobic capacity declines as ______.

A) less oxygen is taken into the lungs and less blood is pumped by the heart
B) sensitivity to insulin is lost by the muscle tissues
C) lean-body mass, which includes fat, is replaced by muscle
D) large amounts of calcium are lost by the bones, making them porous and brittle

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true about the health of middle-aged people in the United States?

A) The majority of middle-aged Americans have not been vaccinated for preventable diseases.
B) There are racial, ethnic, and gender differences in the incidence and treatment of various diseases.
C) Women, more so than men, resist seeking health care when symptoms of diseases arise.
D) There is little awareness among middle-aged people about preventive health care.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of traditional methods of treating cancer?

A) They use only surgery to remove cancerous tissues.
B) They strengthen the immune system.
C) They have side effects such as nausea and loss of appetite.
D) They destroy only malignant cancerous tissues.

Question 40

The amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus increases with age mainly because of ______.

A) an increase in the production of keratinocytes.
B) changes in the nervous system.
C) changes in dietary habits.
D) an increase in blood flow.

Question 41

Which of the following is a sign of a heart attack?

A) A decline in bone density
B) Diminished lung capacity
C) Prolonged chest pain
D) A decrease in body fat

Question 42

Reuben, an obese 55-year-old man, experiences chest pain. He is rushed to an emergency room in a hospital where he describes his pain as a feeling of heavy pressure or tightness in the chest along with shortness of breath. Reuben is most likely suffering from a(n) _____.

A) epileptic attack
B) heart attack
C) bout of depression
D) nervous breakdown

Question 43

Heart disease most commonly results from arteriosclerosis or hardening of the arteries, which impairs circulation and increases the risk of _____.

A) malignant tumors
B) benign tumors
C) an ulcer
D) a thrombus

Question 44

Which of the following best defines amenorrhea?

A) It is the lack of menstruation.
B) It is the recurring problem in reaching an orgasm.
C) It is the lack of sexual desire in women.
D) It is the onset of menstruation.

Question 45

Which of the following is a stress hormone connected with anger?

A) Thyroxin
B) Epinephrine
C) Prolactin
D) Luteotropin

Question 46

Julia is a perimenopausal woman who suffers from night sweats and hot flashes. She also suffers from severe joint pain and heart palpitations. Julia's gynecologist has suggested hormone replacement therapy as a cure. In this scenario, Julia has _____.

A) spatial disorientation
B) diabetic retinopathy
C) autoimmune thyroiditis
D) estrogen deficiency

Question 47

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by _______.

A) maintaining their antibodies in the bloodstream
B) increasing the amount of glucose absorbed by cells
C) increasing the production of red blood cells
D) regulating body temperature near the area of an injury

Question 48

The gradual decline in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries is known as the ______.

A) menarche
B) menopause
C) amenorrhea
D) climacteric

Question 49

The body responds to the presence of antigens by ______.

A) producing more insulin through the pancreas
B) burning fewer calories than usual
C) coordinating appropriate muscular responses
D) generating specialized proteins, or antibodies

Question 50

Arthur's physician has warned him of a possible heart attack in the near future. There is a buildup of plaque in the lining of Arthur's arteries, resulting in the heart receiving insufficient blood. In this scenario, Arthur is suffering from _____.

A) atherosclerosis
B) amyloidosis
C) leukemia
D) presbyopia

Question 51

Antigens are best defined as ______.

A) foreign substances that enter the body
B) specialized antibodies that help fight viruses
C) specialized antibodies that help fight bacteria
D) a secondary system of white blood cells

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of a heart attack?

A) It can be fatal if the victim is not attended to within the first two hours.
B) It is caused by a deficiency of estrogen in the body.
C) It is caused by the uncontrollable division of cells.
D) It is treated by methods such as radiation and chemotherapy.

Question 53

Who among the following middle-aged individuals is most likely suffering from atherosclerosis?

A) Rebecca, who experiences night sweats and hot flushes.
B) Jane, whose doctor tells her that there is a buildup of plaque in the lining of her arteries.
C) Judy, whose doctor tells her that she is vulnerable to fractures because of her declining bone density.
D) Lisa, who feels feverish after she accidentally cuts her finger with a knife.

Question 54

Laura is 60 years old and suffers from hypertension. One afternoon, she experienced a sudden, sharp pain extending beyond her chest to her left shoulder, arm, and back. She was rushed to the emergency room of a hospital where she also reported nausea. Laura most likely had a(n) _____.

A) migraine attack
B) episode of indigestion
C) epileptic fit
D) heart attack

Question 55

Unpleasant perimenopausal sensations, such as night sweats, hot flushes, and hot flashes, are caused by the deficit of ______.

A) testosterone
B) epinephrine
C) estrogen
D) adrenaline

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of perimenopause?

A) It is an abnormal state and requires medical assistance.
B) It is characterized by three to eleven months of amenorrhea.
C) It signals an end to women's sexual appetite.
D) It occurs because of the lack of testosterone in the body.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?

A) It is the primary function of the cardiovascular system.
B) It is characterized by unpleasant sensations, such as hot flushes and night sweats.
C) It leads to an increase in the brittleness and porosity of bones.
D) It increases the supply of white blood cells that combat antigens at the points of damage.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activities in middle adulthood?

A) The frequency of sexual activities declines dramatically in middle adulthood.
B) The most common sexual problem among men is erectile dysfunction.
C) In the later part of middle adulthood, a majority of women are sexually inactive.
D) Women in middle adulthood whose partners use Viagra report low levels of sexual satisfaction.

Question 59

Which of the following is a biological risk factor in heart disease?

A) High serum cholesterol
B) Job strain
C) Access to health care
D) Emotional strain

Question 60

Which of the following defines vasomotor instability?

A) It is a persistent or recurrent problem in becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm.
B) It refers to the occurrence of multiple orgasms.
C) It is the disruptions in the body mechanisms that dilate or constrict the blood vessels to maintain an even body temperature.
D) It is a disorder characterized by the abnormal functioning and loss of previously acquired skills that begins after about two years of apparently normal development in a child.

Question 61

In the context of cognitive development, plasticity refers to the fact that _______.

A) creativity gradually declines in middle-aged people
B) intellectual abilities are not absolutely fixed but can be modified
C) people do not age in the same way or at the same rate
D) some aspects of intellectual functioning may improve, while others remain stable or decline

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true of hormone replacement therapy?

A) It uses synthetic estrogen and progesterone to treat perimenopausal sensations.
B) It increases the risks of osteoporosis and colon cancer.
C) It increases the hot flushes and other symptoms brought about by estrogen deficiencies.
D) It significantly decreases the risks of strokes and blood clots.

Question 63

Jackie, an architect, recalls most of her architectural training and has even improved upon it over the years. However, she cannot remember the Mandarin that she learnt as a sophomore. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Jackie's abilities illustrate the principle of ______.

A) interindividual variability
B) plasticity
C) multidirectionality
D) transitivity

Question 64

Abilene is a 52-year-old who strongly believes in the power of education. She has joined community classes for French and Spanish languages and reads books in those languages. She believes enriching her wisdom and world knowledge will help her become a better person. Abilene's knowledge of French and Spanish illustrates her _____.

A) emotional intelligence
B) existential intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 65

Linda, a fifty-year-old, goes back to college after being a baker for several years. Through her college years, she studies diverse subjects which enrich her knowledge. This scenario illustrates an increase in her level of _______.

A) fluid intelligence
B) existential intelligence
C) interpersonal intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 66

In the context of intelligence, which of the following statements is true?

A) Researchers theorize a strong role for neurological factors in fluid intelligence.
B) Crystallized intelligence is influenced exclusively by neurological factors.
C) Fluid intelligence is influenced exclusively by environmental factors.
D) Studies show that crystallized intelligence tends to decrease with age through middle adulthood.

Question 67

During middle adulthood, cognitive development is characterized by a(n) _______.

A) dramatic decline in procedural memory
B) increase in processing speed
C) increase in reaction time
D) increase in crystallized intelligence

Question 68

Rochelle is a perimenopausal woman who suffers from hot flashes and flushes and night sweats. Her skin has become very dry and she experiences decreased vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal. Rochelle's gynecologist has suggested hormone replacement therapy as a cure. In this scenario, Rochelle has _____.

A) spatial disorientation
B) estrogen deficiency
C) autoimmune thyroiditis
D) diabetic retinopathy

Question 69

Rajeev, a photographer, discovers that he remembers most of the techniques he learnt during his photography training. However, he cannot remember the computer programming skills that he learnt in college. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Rajeev's abilities illustrate the principle of _____.

A) multidirectionality
B) transitivity
C) interindividual variability
D) plasticity

Question 70

Philosopher and researcher John Flynn found that IQ scores increased in the United States between the years of 1947 and 2002 by how many points?

A) 15
B) 18
C) 20
D) 25

Question 71

Which of the following is true of sexual dysfunction?

A) Women report a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunctions than men do.
B) The prevalence of every sexual dysfunction except premature ejaculation decreases with age.
C) Men are always ready to engage in sexual activity and do not have sexual dysfunctions.
D) The least prevalent sexual problems in women are low sexual desire and difficulty in reaching orgasm.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true of cognitive development in middle adulthood?

A) Intellectual development in adulthood shows multidirectionality and interindividual variability.
B) Intellectual abilities are established in early adulthood and cannot be modified in middle adulthood.
C) Cognitive development in middle adulthood is characterized by an increase in fluid intelligence.
D) Cognitive development in middle adulthood is characterized by a decrease in crystallized intelligence.

Question 73

Christine is going through the phase of perimenopause and is troubled by hot flushes and night sweats. Which of the following treatments will help Christine cope with these symptoms?

A) Enzyme replacement therapy
B) Radiation therapy
C) Hormone replacement therapy
D) Chemotherapy

Question 74

Researchers theorize a stronger role for which of the following influences in the genesis of fluid intelligence as compared to crystallized intelligence?

A) Lifestyle habits
B) Environmental factors
C) Neurological factors
D) Cultural factors

Question 75

A deficiency of estrogen is known to contribute to _______.

A) osteoporosis
B) cancer
C) arteriosclerosis
D) erectile dysfunction

Question 76

Edward is a 50-year-old who has two grandsons. He encourages his grandsons to play outdoors every day and eat healthy food. He also teaches them to be polite. He believes these are essential habits. The information passed on by Edward to his grandsons illustrates his _____.

A) reaction time
B) crystallized intelligence
C) interindividual variability
D) existential intelligence

Question 77

Maureen is going through perimenopause and experiences hot flushes and night sweats. She also suffers from dizziness, headaches, and tingling in the hands or feet. Which of the following treatments will help Maureen cope with these symptoms?

A) Hormone replacement therapy
B) Chemotherapy
C) Enzyme replacement therapy
D) Radiation therapy

Question 78

Which of the following statements is true of osteoporosis?

A) It occurs because of long-term testosterone deficiency.
B) It reflects vasomotor instability.
C) It increases the risk of serious fractures, especially of the hip.
D) It is known to improve cognitive functioning.

Question 79

Lee, an experienced doctor, discovers that he recalls most of his medical training. However, he fails to remember the Italian that he learnt when he was a student abroad. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Lee's abilities illustrate the principle of ______.

A) multidirectionality
B) transitivity
C) interindividual variability
D) plasticity

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true of crystallized intelligence?

A) It decreases through middle adulthood.
B) It is influenced by environmental factors.
C) It is associated exclusively with numeric ability.
D) The intellectual factor of perceptual speed is most strongly related to it.