Deck 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

The changes of aging in the cardiovascular system begin in adolescence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

As people mature, Labouvie-Vief found that they tend to develop a cognitive-affective complexity that enables them to harbor only positive feelings about their career choices.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Emerging adulthood is a distinct period of development that is found in societies that allow young people an extended opportunity to explore their roles in life.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A person with a high fat-to-muscle ratio metabolizes food more quickly than a person of the same weight with more muscle.

Question 5

A vaccine is available that prevents most young women from being infected with genital warts and is best administered after they become sexually active.

Question 6

People in the retirement stage are in the last stage of career development.

Question 7

People in college are often at the tentative choice stage of career development.

Question 8

The primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is male-female intercourse.

Question 9

Emerging adulthood is sandwiched between the stages of young adulthood and middle adulthood.

Question 10

Emerging adults typically feel that the world lies open before them.

Question 11

An acquaintance rape is less likely to be reported to the police than a stranger rape.

Question 12

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 90 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week.

Question 13

Adaptive thermogenesis causes the body to produce more energy when someone goes on a diet.

Question 14

Fertility in both genders increases as early adulthood progresses.

Question 15

Toward the end of early adulthood, and almost certainly in middle adulthood, the skin begins to loosen, grow less elastic, and wrinkle, more so in women than in men.

Question 16

Crystallized intelligence increases with age.

Question 17

An intrinsic reward for working is receiving a raise.

Question 18

Sensory sharpness declines dramatically in early adulthood.

Question 19

According to the data accumulated by the National Center for Health Statistics, the leading cause of death for late teenagers and early adults in the United States was clearly cancer.

Question 20

Most young adults are careful about their health during early adulthood.

Question 21

Shelley is 24 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a "revolving door" existence?

A) Shelley has changed three jobs in the last three months.
B) Shelley decides to move in with her boyfriend to get to know him better.
C) Shelley keeps returning to her parents' home when she is unable to pay the rent for her apartment.
D) Shelley decides to change her educational direction and pursue a career in acting instead of literature.

Question 22

Which of the following is true of emerging adulthood?

A) It occurs after the end of puberty.
B) It occurs roughly between the ages of 18 to 25.
C) It occurs sooner for those who go to college than for those who do not.
D) It is also referred to as young adulthood.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of women in their late 30s and early 40s?

A) There is a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova.
B) They rarely have fertility problems.
C) They cannot have healthy children, including their first children.
D) The risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy is low.

Question 24

Raj is 29 years old. In the context of the changes that occur during early adulthood, which of the following is likely to be true?

A) Raj is likely to completely lose his ability to hear tones that are high in pitch.
B) Raj's visual acuity is likely to decline dramatically.
C) Raj's ability to hear tones that are high in pitch is likely to enhance.
D) Raj's hearing ability is likely to start declining.

Question 25

Nikolai is a 20-year-old young man. When asked whether he thinks he has become an adult, he replies "In some respects yes and in other respects no." Nikolai is not completely dependent on his parents, but he is not yet fully self-supporting. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Nikolai is _____.

A) illustrating egocentrism
B) illustrating narcissism
C) experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
D) experiencing the feature of stability

Question 26

During early adulthood, _____.

A) cardiovascular capacity can be increased with regular exercise
B) the heart muscles become more flexible, increasing the maximum heart rate
C) the cardiovascular system does not undergo any change
D) the cardiovascular system is at the highest risk of developing congenital heart diseases

Question 27

In the context of the adulthood phase, which of the following is a true statement about women?

A) After the age of 35, women are usually advised to have their fetuses checked for Down's syndrome.
B) In women, the quality and quantity of ova (egg cells) starts to deteriorate dramatically after the age of 20.
C) It is highly unusual for women to have healthy children, including their firstborn, after the age of 25.
D) Women experience lesser skin and hair related issues as compared to men by the end of early adulthood.

Question 28

Eric has just completed high school and is doing his internship. He is living at home and attends graduate school. He makes decent money but cannot afford his own apartment. He has a girlfriend but is not yet ready to commit to marriage. He feels that he has overcome adolescence but is not fully an adult yet. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Eric is _____.

A) illustrating egocentrism
B) illustrating narcissism
C) experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
D) experiencing the feature of possibilities

Question 29

Emerging adulthood _______.

A) is sandwiched between the stages of adolescence and young adulthood
B) precedes adolescence
C) is the stage that appears after middle age and before old age
D) roughly spans the ages of 55 to 65

Question 30

Karl is 21 years old. As an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by him indicates a "revolving door" existence?

A) Karl was learning to play the guitar but has now decided to learn the saxophone instead.
B) Karl is unable to decide who he likes better, Mindy or Vanessa as his girlfriend.
C) Karl visits his grandparents every Christmas.
D) Karl returns to his father's house each time he runs out of money.

Question 31

Early adulthood ______.

A) involves establishing careers or pathways in life
B) occurs at the same time for all people
C) occurs after emerging adulthood is completed and does not overlap
D) occurs later for women than for men

Question 32

Which of the following is true of fertility in men and women?

A) Fertility in both genders declines as early adulthood progresses.
B) After age 25, women are usually advised to have their fetuses checked for Down's syndrome.
C) It is only a woman's age that contributes to chromosomal abnormalities in offspring.
D) Age is unrelated to chromosomal problems in offspring for both men and women.

Question 33

Marissa, a 21-year-old young woman, is working as an intern at a software company. She has recently graduated from college. She is contemplating moving in with her boyfriend, yet, she likes the security and convenience of her parents' home. Marissa feels that she has overcome adolescence but is not yet an adult. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Marissa is _____.

A) experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
B) illustrating egocentrism
C) experiencing the feature of stability
D) illustrating narcissism

Question 34

Which of the following is true of sensory abilities during early adulthood?

A) Hearing tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s, particularly for tones that are high in pitch.
B) Visual acuity declines sharply in the early 20s.
C) Most people in early adulthood are nearsighted and need reading glasses.
D) Sensory sharpness begins to decline in the early 20s.

Question 35

As early adulthood progresses, fertility ______.

A) increases for both men and women
B) declines for women, but not for men
C) declines gradually for both men and women
D) remains stable for men and increases for women

Question 36

Lia, a U.S. citizen, is 20 years old. Her parents are affluent enough to support her through college. She is engaging in self-exploration and is trying to establish an identity. Lia is in the stage of _____.

A) preadolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) teenage years
D) middle age

Question 37

Edie is 22 years old. Being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a "revolving door" existence?

A) Edie has changed three jobs in the last eight months.
B) Edie decides to share an apartment with her college friends.
C) Edie keeps returning to her parents' home when she is between jobs.
D) Edie stays with her boyfriend.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of aging?

A) As people age, the heart muscles grow more elastic, increasing the maximum heart rate.
B) Regular exercise decreases cardiovascular and respiratory capacity from what it was in early adolescence.
C) As people age, the immune system produces fewer white blood cells.
D) Fertility in both genders increases as early adulthood progresses.

Question 39

Nikki has just completed college and has joined as a trainee at a design firm. She lives with her mother and is trying to save money. She feels that she has overcome adolescence but has not yet fully attained adulthood. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Nikki is _____.

A) experiencing the feature of possibilities
B) experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
C) illustrating egocentrism
D) illustrating narcissism

Question 40

Which of the following is true of physical development during early adulthood?

A) Young adults are at their tallest during early adulthood.
B) Women are normally stronger than men during early adulthood.
C) The immune system suffers due to extreme stress during early adulthood.
D) The skin begins to tighten in early adulthood.

Question 41

Menstrual problems _____.

A) are unlikely to affect women in their young adulthood
B) mostly involve life-threatening symptoms
C) include amenorrhea
D) are primarily caused by psychological problems

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the causes of death during early adulthood?

A) Homicide and suicide are the most common causes of death during this time.
B) AIDS is a much more prominent cause of death among 15- to 24-year-olds as compared to 25- to 44-year-olds.
C) Heart disease and cancer are the most common causes of death during this time.
D) Accidents are the leading cause of death during this time.

Question 43

Painful, reddish bumps around the genitals, thighs, or buttocks are most commonly found among cases of ______.

A) genital warts
B) genital herpes
C) gonorrhea
D) nongonococcal urethritis

Question 44

Which of the following is true of skin changes that occur toward the end of early adulthood?

A) The skin becomes more elastic.
B) Signs of skin deterioration are more common in women than in men.
C) Skin tightening, a sign of skin deterioration, occurs toward the end of early adulthood.
D) The skin continues to be wrinkle free.

Question 45

Which of the following is a change that occurs toward the end of early adulthood?

A) Gains in skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed.
B) Fertility in women declines, but fertility in men increases.
C) Loss of skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed.
D) Most men are completely infertile.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of exercise?

A) Exercise is unlikely to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in early adulthood.
B) Exercise helps improve physical health but does not benefit the brain and cognitive performance.
C) Exercise can substantially reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
D) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week.

Question 47

The appearance of a hard, painless chancre at the site of infection within 2-4 weeks most likely indicates the presence of ______.

A) gonorrhea
B) chlamydia
C) syphilis
D) genital warts

Question 48

Which of the following is true of adaptive thermogenesis?

A) It explains why all obese people are overweight.
B) It sabotages weight-loss attempts by causing the body to burn fewer calories when someone goes on a diet.
C) It explains why obese people are always at a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and certain forms of cancer.
D) It causes thin people to become obese during adulthood.

Question 49

Karen is overweight and has decided to shed some pounds to get healthier. She wants to implement a cognitive-behavioral method to achieve her goal. Which of the following is she most likely to implement to make her weight-loss program successful?

A) Intentionally subject herself to temptations so she can learn how to resist them
B) Eat her entire meal without a break so that her body can learn how much food she needs
C) Reward herself for meeting calorie goals, as long as that reward is not food
D) Binge on occasions, such as an office party, and refrain from resuming dieting the very next day

Question 50

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sexuality during early adulthood?

A) People in this stage still experience the flood of sex hormones that affected them as adolescents.
B) Sexual activity is less common than the adolescence stage.
C) Sexual opportunities are less common than the adolescence stage.
D) The chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection are at their lowest.

Question 51

Cancer and heart disease ______.

A) are the most common causes of death in young adults more than any other cause
B) kill a smaller percentage of people aged 25 to 44 than aged 15 to 24
C) take fourth and fifth place in the list of leading causes of death for teenagers and early adults
D) are more frequently diagnosed in early adulthood than in middle adulthood

Question 52

According to research, which of the following is true of HIV/AIDS?

A) The primary mode of transmission is male-female intercourse.
B) Older women are at a greater risk than younger men or women.
C) The disease cannot be prevented.
D) More children are infected by HIV/AIDS than adults.

Question 53

Which sexually transmitted infection can be transmitted by touching an infectious chancre?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Genital herpes
D) Syphilis

Question 54

The symptoms of chlamydia include _______.

A) frequent and painful urination and a discharge
B) swollen lymph nodes, fever, weight loss, and fatigue
C) intense itching in pubic area and other hairy regions
D) painful, reddish bumps around the genitals, thighs, or buttocks

Question 55

Obese people ______.

A) gain weight because of the mechanism of adaptive thermogenesis
B) are less likely to indulge in binge eating
C) have a low fat-to-muscle ratio
D) metabolize food more slowly than those who are not obese

Question 56

Sexual activity _______.

A) occurs less often in early adulthood than in late adulthood
B) is more commonly reported by men than by women
C) with a partner usually peaks in the 20s
D) with a partner usually peaks in middle adulthood

Question 57

The transmission of what sexually transmitted infection occurs by infusion of contaminated blood by needle sharing or from mother to baby during childbirth or breast-feeding?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) Syphilis
C) Chlamydia
D) Genital herpes

Question 58

In the context of weight management, which of the following statements is true?

A) It is widely accepted that heredity plays a role in overweight in humans.
B) Efforts by overweight people to maintain a slender profile is complemented by the mechanism of adaptive thermogenesis.
C) Obesity is related to psychological factors but not to biological factors.
D) Obesity is related to biological factors but not to psychological factors.

Question 59

Genital warts are caused by _____.

A) pubic lice
B) human papilloma virus
C) herpes simplex virus-type 2
D) chlamydia trachomatous bacterium

Question 60

Which of the following is true of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

A) HIV/AIDS is the most widely spread STI among young adults.
B) Chlamydia is the second most commonly occurring STI in young adults, and it results in sterility.
C) There is no prevention for the human papilloma virus.
D) Herpes is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease which can lead to infertility that cannot be cured.

Question 61

Molly, a 19-year-old, experiences severely painful pelvic cramps each month during menstruation. Molly is most likely suffering from ______.

A) amenorrhea
B) chlamydia
C) gonorrhea
D) dysmenorrhea

Question 62

In the context of rapes, identify a true statement.

A) Penile-vaginal penetration is always necessary to fit the definition of rape.
B) Most states in the United States do not permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives.
C) Only about 10 percent of rape victims are women, and their assailants are generally women.
D) Acquaintance rapes are less likely than stranger rapes to be reported to the police.

Question 63

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about rape?

A) Penile-vaginal penetration is always necessary to fit the definition of rape.
B) Most states in the United States permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives.
C) Only about 10 percent of rape victims are women, and their assailants are generally men.
D) Women aged 30 to 44 are two to three times more likely to be raped than younger women.

Question 64

Premenstrual symptoms _______.

A) are always severe
B) are reported by all women
C) are sometimes severe enough to impair the social, academic, or occupational functioning of women
D) are unrelated to changing levels of hormones or imbalances in neurotransmitters

Question 65

Liza's boss, Thomas, often asks her to sleep with him and once when she refused, he tried to hit her. These occurrences have made the workplace a hostile setting for Liza. This scenario illustrates _____.

A) the glass ceiling effect
B) racial discrimination
C) nepotism
D) sexual harassment

Question 66

William Perry's theory that involves thought processes directed at considering how young adults arrive at their beliefs, facts, and ideas is known as ______.

A) egoistic thinking
B) epistemic cognition
C) formal metacognition
D) conventional rumination

Question 67

Alyssa experiences the following symptoms during the week before her period and ending within a few days after the period begins: irritability and anger, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, changes in appetite, sleeping too little, feeling overwhelmed, and physical discomfort. Alyssa is most likely suffering from ______.

A) amenorrhea
B) chlamydia
C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) nongonococcal urethritis

Question 68

Which of the following is an intrinsic motive for working?

A) Insurance
B) Praise
C) Financial security
D) Talent development

Question 69

Identify a true statement about cognitive development.

A) Crystallized intelligence is the ability to process information, such as solving a math problem rapidly.
B) Fluid intelligence represents one's lifetime of intellectual attainments, as shown, for example, by vocabulary and accumulated knowledge.
C) Crystallized intelligence declines with age.
D) Fluid intelligence is more susceptible to the effects of aging than crystalline intelligence.

Question 70

Sandy is concerned as she has not menstruated for a really long time. She tested negative for a pregnancy test. She is only in her mid-20s and is far too young for menopause. Sandy is suffering from _____.

A) amenorrhea
B) premenstrual syndrome
C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) dysmenorrhea

Question 71

Dualistic thinking ______.

A) involves dividing the cognitive world into opposites, such as good and bad
B) reflects the type of thought processes adults develop after college
C) reflects the most mature type of thought process in adults
D) occurs during Piaget's fifth stage of cognitive development

Question 72

Linda tells her doctor that she experiences major mood swings a week before she menstruates. She suffers from loss of appetite and anxiety during those days. Which of the following actions is her doctor likely to take to treat Linda?

A) Her doctor is likely to prescribe medication that inhibits the production of dopamine.
B) Her doctor is likely to prescribe antiviral drugs.
C) Her doctor is likely to prescribe medication to increase the activity of serotonin in the nervous system.
D) Her doctor is likely to prescribe topical drugs containing pyrethrins or piperonal butoxide.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of cognitive development?

A) As with physical development, people are at the height of their cognitive powers during late adulthood.
B) People typically retain their verbal skills and may even show improvement in vocabulary and general knowledge as they age.
C) Performance on tasks that require reasoning or problem-solving speeds, and visual-spatial skills tends to decline in early adulthood.
D) Crystallized intelligence is more susceptible to age than fluid intelligence.

Question 74

Kelly's boss talks to her more often than she would like and jokes about the two of them going out after work. Even though Kelly knows he is not serious, it makes her uncomfortable. She does not even want to go to work anymore because she knows her boss will pass unnecessary comments. Kelly is experiencing _____.

A) sexual harassment
B) acquaintance rape
C) red-tapeism
D) the glass ceiling effect

Question 75

Which of the following is true of premenstrual syndrome?

A) It is more severe than premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
B) It cannot be treated or prevented.
C) It refers to the absence of menstruation.
D) It may be linked to hormonal fluctuations.

Question 76

Labouvie-Vief's theory of pragmatic thought suggests that ______.

A) adults are not mature in their thinking unless they go to college
B) the cognitive processes of adolescents are in many ways more advanced than that of young adults
C) the thinking of adolescents tends to be less egocentric than that of young adults
D) adults function best when they accept reality but choose goals that allow them to experience positive feelings

Question 77

In a multicultural society or on a college campus, students may realize that judgments of good or bad are often made from a certain belief system, such as a religion or a cultural background, so that such judgments actually represent _____.

A) dualistic thinking
B) a lopsided view
C) relativistic thinking
D) egocentrism

Question 78

Which of the following is an extrinsic motive for working?

A) To engage in stimulating activities
B) To extend one's social contacts
C) To avoid a sense of aimlessness
D) To earn money

Question 79

Which of the following is true of sexual harassment?

A) For legal purposes, sexual harassment in the workplace always requires physical contact.
B) Only 10 percent of working women are victimized by sexual harassment.
C) Unwelcome sexual jokes do not amount to sexual harassment.
D) Charges of sexual harassment are often ignored or trivialized by coworkers and employers.

Question 80

Jessica's manager Kevin behaves in an inappropriate manner. He often cracks unwelcome adult jokes. Kevin also leers at Jessica's body and passes suggestive comments. Jessica is experiencing _____.

A) sexual harassment
B) sexual assault
C) racial discrimination
D) the glass ceiling effect