Deck 10: Probation Parole and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

A justification of community-based corrections is that they:

A) increase the number of extradited inmates.
B) lower the rate of decarceration.
C) help to reintegrate offenders into society.
D) help to rehabilitate offenders who are convicted of capital crimes.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most prisoners serve less than their entire sentence in prison because of:

A) revocation.
B) parole.
C) recidivism.
D) decentralization.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Parole is based on a _____.

A) contract of partnership
B) contract of consent
C) contract of guarantee
D) contract of indemnity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

_____ is the release of an inmate into a community supervision program based on the judgement of a parole board within limits set by state or federal law.

A) Forced release
B) Statutory release
C) Conditional release
D) Discretionary release

Question 5

A(n) _____ is a sentence that consists of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationary period in the community.

A) shock incarceration
B) intermittent incarceration
C) split sentence probation
D) suspended sentence

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of community corrections?

A) Extradition
B) Probation
C) Incarceration
D) Revocation

Question 7

Unlike probation, parole:

A) does not include incarceration.
B) is a conditional release from prison.
C) does not occur after an offender has been incarcerated.
D) is a sentence handed down by a bailiff.

Question 8

A _____ is an action taken by a probationer or parolee that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation or parole as designated by the court.

A) willful violation
B) technical violation
C) moving violation
D) citation violation

Question 9

Debra, a nonviolent offender, has been released on parole. She is required to report to the parole officer every day. This is an example of:

A) an extradition.
B) a community corrections program.
C) a solitary confinement.
D) a decarceration.

Question 10

A role of a probation officer is to:

A) conduct the presentence investigation.
B) sentence a wrongdoer in a court of law.
C) rehabilitate an offender who is a drug addict.
D) revoke terms of probation with just cause.

Question 11

In the context of reintegration, which of the following is an incentive provided by parole officers to offenders?

A) The threat of return to jail
B) The threat of capital punishment
C) The threat of extradition
D) The threat of forced restitution

Question 12

Many politicians and criminal justice officials oppose ideas such as reintegration and diversion. However, they have embraced programs to keep nonviolent offenders out of prison. Which of the following statements supports their decision?

A) The cost of constructing and maintaining prisons and jails is a burden on government funds.
B) Instances of shock incarceration result in unnecessary crowding of prisons for a long time.
C) Nonviolent offenders let out on probation have high recidivism rates.
D) Probationary programs create jobs for correctional officers.

Question 13

In larger jurisdictions, unlike investigative officers, line officers:

A) focus on sentencing an offender.
B) concentrate on supervision of probationers.
C) read suspects their Miranda rights.
D) handle presentence trials.

Question 14

According to the American Correctional Association, which of the following is a basic role of a parole board?

A) To follow a determinant procedure for sentencing offenders
B) To grant parole to offenders who have committed first degree murder
C) To discharge an offender when the conditions of parole have been met
D) To sentence criminals to capital punishment

Question 15

Which of the following is a similarity between probationers and parolees?

A) Both are usually first-time offenders who have committed nonviolent crimes.
B) Both undergo criminal trials for revocation.
C) Both enjoy all the freedoms guaranteed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
D) Both are placed under the supervision of community corrections officers.

Question 16

In intermittent incarceration, an offender:

A) serves time in a supermax prison.
B) petitions a court to be released on probation.
C) spends a certain amount of time each week in a jail.
D) is extradited to other countries for six months.

Question 17

Community-based corrections are an important means of:

A) increasing the rate of recidivism.
B) incarcerating criminals in solitary confinement.
C) rehabilitating offenders using strong narcotics.
D) diverting criminals to alternative modes of punishment.

Question 18

Offenders are most likely to be denied probation if they are:

A) suspected of recidivism.
B) addicted to alcohol.
C) convicted of a misdemeanor.
D) convicted on multiple charges.

Question 19

Which of the following is an advantage of probation?

A) It lowers the rate of decarceration.
B) It provides for the rehabilitation of an offender.
C) It facilitates recidivism.
D) It controls wrongdoers by suspending all constitutional rights.

Question 20

_____ is the power designated to an agent of the law over a person who has broken the law.

A) Authority
B) Discretion
C) Revocation
D) Grace

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of intensive supervision probation (ISP)?

A) It provides prisonlike control of offenders.
B) It increases the rate of recidivism in criminals.
C) It is solely applicable to juvenile delinquents.
D) It is granted to death row inmates.

Question 22

Which of the following is a criticism of intermediate sanctions?

A) They are inapplicable for incarcerated felons.
B) Their revocation rates are high.
C) They only apply to those sentenced for capital crimes.
D) Their retributive impact is limited.

Question 23

Lorena has been convicted of embezzlement. At her criminal hearing, she is remanded to home detention. She has to wear an ankle device that gives her a two-mile radius limit for movement. If she leaves this radius, the anklet will send a signal to the nearest police station and Lorena will be arrested and incarcerated. This scenario demonstrates the use of _____ in home confinement.

A) electric control units
B) global tracing technology
C) electronic monitoring
D) global positioning

Question 24

Day reporting centers (DRCs) are:

A) responsible for encouraging recidivism.
B) instruments of rehabilitation.
C) a form of shock incarceration.
D) shields for organized crime.

Question 25

Which of the following is an assumption on which drug courts operate?

A) The enticement of drug users with drugs leads to more state's witnesses.
B) The reduction of an addict's drug use decreases his or her drug-fueled criminal activity.
C) The rehabilitation of drug users can be accomplished through incarceration in supermax prisons.
D) The arrest of drug kingpins results in reduced drug usage.

Question 26

In a _____, the entire parole board or a subcommittee reviews information, meets an offender, and hears testimony from relevant witnesses to determine whether to give parole.

A) preliminary hearing
B) parole revocation hearing
C) parole grant hearing
D) bail hearing

Question 27

Mechanisms for parole are crucial to the criminal justice system because they:

A) increase the rate of revocation.
B) reduce incidents of recidivism.
C) reduce the costs related to incarceration.
D) increase the need for truth-in-sentencing laws.

Question 28

In addition to imprisonment and probation, which of the following is a sentencing option a judge has?

A) Restitution
B) Parole
C) Revocation
D) Remittance

Question 29

In which of the following ways does home confinement serve the goals of intermediate sanctions?

A) It protects the community.
B) It predicts the occurrence of crime.
C) It increases the rate of recidivism.
D) It decreases the amount of diversion.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of a pretrial diversion program?

A) It is used to rehabilitate repeat offenders.
B) It is offered instead of a death sentence.
C) It is offered during a revocation hearing.
D) It is generally reserved for first-time offenders.

Question 31

Which of the following is a type of electronic monitoring grown out of Love's initial concept?

A) A "predictive policing" system
B) A "motion sensing" device
C) A "continuously signaling" device
D) A "global positioning" system

Question 32

_____ are sanctions that are more restrictive than probation and less restrictive than imprisonment.

A) Diplomatic sanctions
B) Intermittent sanctions
C) Intermediate sanctions
D) Pragmatic sanctions

Question 33

A criticism of intensive supervision probation is that it increases:

A) overcrowding in state penitentiaries.
B) the chances that an offender will relapse into drug-fueled criminal behavior.
C) the rate of recidivism in repeat offenders.
D) the chances that an offender will be caught breaking conditions of probation.

Question 34

In the "programmed contact" program, verification is obtained via a computer that uses _____ techniques.

A) voice identification
B) DNA profiling
C) fingerprint identification
D) heat signature

Question 35

Clara is currently under a home monitoring program, and she is required to be at home after 9.p.m. This general level of restriction placed on Clara is an example of a(n):

A) curfew.
B) extradition.
C) diversion.
D) prohibition.

Question 36

Clint is an illegal arms dealer. He uses cars to transport arms across state borders to his clients. When not in use, he stores the cars in his warehouse. During a raid conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a cache of weapons is found in his warehouse. These weapons are seized along with the cars. This scenario demonstrates the process of _____.

A) forfeiture
B) adjudication
C) extradition
D) revocation

Question 37

_____ is a community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes.

A) Home seclusion
B) Home confinement
C) Solitary confinement
D) Shock probation

Question 38

Intermediate sanctions such as electronic monitoring exist because they:

A) increase the rate of extradition.
B) reduce prison and jail populations.
C) reduce the rate of decarceration.
D) increase the rate of recidivism.

Question 39

_____ is a punishment-oriented form of probation in which an offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than in conventional probation.

A) Informal supervision probation
B) Intensive supervision probation
C) Shock probation
D) Unsupervised probation

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of intermediate sanctions?

A) They are combined with anger management programs.
B) They are granted only for offenders who have committed capital crimes after the entire parole board reviews information, meets the offender, and hears testimony from relevant witnesses.
C) They are designed to match the specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects that offender's situation.
D) They avoid the need for imprisonment.

Question 41

One of the primary benefits of probation for an offender, besides not getting sent to a correctional facility, is that the length of the probationary period is usually considerably shorter than the length of a prison term.

Question 42

According to most federal and state courts, a purpose of probation is to decrease the rate of reintegration.

Question 43

The mutual goal of both an offender and a probation officer is the successful completion of the probationary period.

Question 44

Discuss electronic monitoring and its technological advances.

Question 45

Rebecca has been sentenced to ten years in prison for arson. She is incarcerated in a state that lets her leave prison only after her prison term has expired. This scenario depicts _________.
A. parole
B. discretionary release
C. mandatory release
D. probation ​

Question 46

Describe the concept of diversion.

Question 47

_________ is the formal process that follows the failure of a probationer or parolee to comply with the terms of his or her probation or parole, often resulting in the probationer's incarceration.
A. Adjudication
B. Extradition
C. Revocation
D. Reintegration ​

Question 48

Revocation is an important alternative mode of punishment because it ensures that scarce incarceration resources are consumed only by the most dangerous criminals.

Question 49

Home incarceration requires that offenders remain at home with exceptions being made for attendance at religious services.

Question 50

Home confinement saves public funds and space in correctional facilities by keeping convicts out of institutional incarceration.

Question 51

Discuss the concept of reintegration.

Question 52

In a(n) _________, the facts of a violation or arrest are presented to a judge, and it is determined whether probable cause for revoking probation exists.
A. adjudication
B. arraignment
C. preliminary hearing
D. revocation hearing ​

Question 53

_________is the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired.
A. Extradition
B. Probation
C. Parole
D. Reincarceration ​

Question 54

Critics of shock incarceration argue that the practice leads to a rise in recidivism.

Question 55

In the context of corrections, _________ is a strategy to steer those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions.
A. reintegration
B. diversion
C. revocation
D. diversification ​

Question 56

Explain the process of discretionary release.

Question 57

Summarize shock incarceration and its types.

Question 58

Extradition is a goal of corrections that focuses on preparing an offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior.

Question 59

A docket is the number of clients a probation officer is responsible for at any one time.

Question 60

Parole is based on the concept of recidivism.