Deck 10: Probation Parole and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

The term _____ refers to a sentence that consists of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationary period in the community.

A) intensive supervision probation
B) intermittent incarceration
C) split sentence probation
D) suspended sentence

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most probation officers rely on _____ to guide offenders successfully through their sentences.

A) mutual respect
B) authority
C) informants
D) self-reported wrongdoing

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the context of probation revocation, during a(n) _____, the facts of a violation or arrest are presented to a judge, and it is determined whether probable cause for revoking probation exists.

A) grand jury trial
B) arraignment
C) preliminary hearing
D) revocation hearing

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the context of reintegration, which of the following is a negative incentive provided by parole officers to offenders to make them follow the rules of society?

A) The threat of a return to jail
B) The threat of capital punishment
C) The threat of extradition
D) The threat of forced restitution

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of probation?

A) Probation officers do not use their own discretion in reporting probation violations.
B) Most probation officers rely on mutual trust to guide an offender successfully through the sentence.
C) Self-reported wrongdoing can be used to revoke probation.
D) Probation officers do not have the power to revoke probation.

Question 6

Many politicians and criminal justice officials who do not look favorably on ideas such as reintegration and diversion have embraced programs to keep nonviolent offenders out of prison. Which of the following is the reason for their acceptance of community corrections?

A) The cost of constructing and maintaining prisons and jails
B) The positive contribution of white-collar criminals to the economy
C) High recidivism rates in nonviolent offenders
D) Employment generation for correctional officers

Question 7

While on probation, Mandy tested positive for marijuana. Her probation officer decided to revoke her probation. In this scenario, Mandy was guilty of _____.

A) a criminal violation
B) larceny
C) a technical violation
D) battery

Question 8

In the context of the revocation process, which of the following statements is true of the rights of probationers?

A) Probationers are protected against self-incrimination.
B) Probationers can exercise their Miranda rights.
C) Probationers are entitled to an attorney.
D) Probationers are entitled to the same rules of evidence that govern regular trials.

Question 9

Debra, a nonviolent offender, is released on parole. She is required to report to the parole officer every day. The given scenario best exemplifies:

A) extradition.
B) community corrections.
C) solitary confinement.
D) decarceration.

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of probation?

A) It lowers the rate of decarceration.
B) It provides for the rehabilitation of an offender while saving society the costs of incarceration.
C) It facilitates recidivism.
D) It controls wrongdoers by suspending their constitutional rights and removing them from the community.

Question 11

A _____ is an action taken by a probationer or parolee that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation or parole as designated by the court.

A) willful violation
B) technical violation
C) moving violation
D) citation violation

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of community corrections?

A) Extradition
B) Probation
C) Incarceration
D) Revocation

Question 13

Community-based corrections:

A) increase the rate of recidivism.
B) incarcerate criminals in solitary confinement.
C) rehabilitate offenders addicted to strong narcotics.
D) divert less serious offenders from incarceration.

Question 14

A frequent justification of community-based corrections is that they:

A) help reduce violence in prisons.
B) lower the rate of decarceration.
C) help to reintegrate offenders into society.
D) help to rehabilitate offenders who are convicted of capital crimes.

Question 15

In the context of corrections, _____ is the effort to keep offenders out of prison or jail by redirecting them into programs that promote treatment and rehabilitation rather than punishment.

A) reintegration
B) diversion
C) revocation
D) diversification

Question 16

_____ is the power conferred on an agent of the law to enforce obedience.

A) Authority
B) Discretion
C) Revocation
D) Grace

Question 17

In intermittent incarceration, the offender:

A) serves time in a supermax prison.
B) petitions a court to be released on probation.
C) spends a certain amount of time each week in jail.
D) is extradited to a different country for six months.

Question 18

One of the roles of a probation officer is to:

A) conduct the presentence investigation.
B) sentence a wrongdoer in a court of law.
C) rehabilitate an offender who is a drug addict.
D) ensure that line officers conduct investigative operations.

Question 19

In larger jurisdictions, unlike investigative officers, line officers:

A) focus on sentencing an offender.
B) concentrate on the supervision of probationers.
C) read suspects their Miranda rights.
D) handle presentence trials.

Question 20

Offenders are most likely to be denied probation if they are:

A) suspected of recidivism.
B) addicted to alcohol.
C) convicted of a misdemeanor.
D) convicted on multiple charges.

Question 21

Identify a true statement about parole procedures.

A) Parole does not include incarceration.
B) States do not have the freedom to set their own standards for determining parole eligibility.
C) Under indeterminate sentencing, parole is not a right but a privilege.
D) All convicts are eligible for parole.

Question 22

_____ is the release of an inmate into a community supervision program based on the judgment of the parole board within limits set by law.

A) Release on recognizance
B) Statutory release
C) Mandatory release
D) Discretionary release

Question 23

Which of the following is a criticism of intermediate sanctions?

A) They are inapplicable to incarcerated felons.
B) Their revocation rates are high.
C) They only apply to those sentenced for capital crimes.
D) Their retributive impact is limited.

Question 24

In addition to imprisonment and probation, one of the sentencing options that a judge has is _____.

A) restitution
B) parole
C) revocation
D) remittance

Question 25

Intermediate sanctions are sanctions that:

A) are less restrictive than probation.
B) include preventive detention.
C) are less restrictive than imprisonment.
D) are unduly harsh and counterproductive.

Question 26

Which of the following factors makes a probationer more likely to recidivate?

A) Positive opinions of authority and the law
B) Having friends who are offenders
C) Living in environments with positive role models
D) Sociable personality patterns of the probationer

Question 27

_____is the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired.

A) Extradition
B) Probation
C) Parole
D) Reincarceration

Question 28

Which of the following is a similarity between probationers and parolees?

A) Both have to spend part of their sentence in prison.
B) Both undergo criminal trials for revocation.
C) Both enjoy all the freedoms guaranteed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
D) Both are placed under the supervision of community corrections officers.

Question 29

Parole is based on a _____.

A) contract of partnership
B) contract of consent
C) contract of guarantee
D) contract of indemnity

Question 30

Day reporting centers (DRCs) are:

A) responsible for encouraging recidivism.
B) instruments of rehabilitation.
C) a form of shock incarceration.
D) shields for organized crime.

Question 31

Rebecca has been sentenced to ten years in prison for arson. She is incarcerated in a state that lets her leave prison only after her prison term has expired. The given scenario best exemplifies _____.

A) parole
B) discretionary release
C) mandatory release
D) probation

Question 32

Mechanisms for parole are crucial to the criminal justice system because they:

A) increase the rate of revocation.
B) reduce incidents of recidivism.
C) reduce the costs related to incarceration.
D) increase the need for truth-in-sentencing laws.

Question 33

Clint is an illegal arms dealer. He uses cars to transport arms across state borders to his clients. During a raid, the Federal Bureau of Investigation found a cache of weapons in Clint's possession. These weapons were seized along with the cars used to transport the arms. This scenario best exemplifies _____.

A) forfeiture
B) adjudication
C) extradition
D) revocation

Question 34

In a _____, the entire parole board or a subcommittee determines whether to give parole.

A) preliminary hearing
B) parole revocation hearing
C) parole grant hearing
D) bail hearing

Question 35

Most prisoners do not serve their entire sentence in prison because of:

A) revocation.
B) parole.
C) recidivism.
D) decentralization.

Question 36

Unlike probation, parole:

A) does not include incarceration.
B) is a conditional release from prison.
C) does not occur after an offender has been incarcerated.
D) is a sentence handed down by a bailiff.

Question 37

According to the American Correctional Association, which of the following is a basic role of a parole board?

A) To follow a determinant procedure for sentencing offenders
B) To grant parole to offenders who have committed first degree murder
C) To discharge an offender when the conditions of parole have been met
D) To sentence criminals to capital punishment

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of intermediate sanctions?

A) They are handed out by probation officers on the basis of good behavior.
B) They are granted to offenders who have committed capital crimes after the entire parole board has met the offender and reviewed information from relevant witnesses.
C) They are designed to match the specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects that offender's situation.
D) They necessitate imprisonment in a correctional facility.

Question 39

Which of the following is an assumption on which drug courts operate?

A) The enticement of drug users with drugs provides more state's witnesses.
B) The reduction of an addict's drug use decreases his or her drug-fueled criminal activity.
C) The rehabilitation of drug users can be accomplished through incarceration in supermax prisons.
D) The diversion of a drug addict from incarceration does not impact his or her criminal activity.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of pretrial diversion programs?

A) They are used to rehabilitate repeat offenders.
B) They are offered as an alternative to death sentences.
C) They are offered during revocation hearings.
D) They are generally reserved for first-time offenders.

Question 41

Self-reported wrongdoing cannot be used to revoke probation.

Question 42

Clara is currently under a home monitoring program, and she is required to be at home by 9 p.m. This general level of restriction placed on Clara is an example of a(n):

A) curfew.
B) extradition.
C) diversion.
D) arraignment.

Question 43

A disadvantage of probation is that the length of the probationary period is usually considerably longer than the length of a prison term.

Question 44

In a "programmed contact" system, verification is obtained via a computer that uses _____ techniques.

A) voice identification
B) DNA profiling
C) fingerprint identification
D) heat signature

Question 45

Lorena has been convicted of embezzlement. At her criminal hearing, she is sentenced to home confinement. She has to wear an ankle device that limits her movement to a two-mile radius around her home. If she leaves this radius, the ankle device will send a signal to the nearest police station and Lorena will be arrested and incarcerated. This scenario best exemplifies the use of _____ in home confinement.

A) wiretapping
B) multichanneling
C) electronic monitoring
D) thermal imaging

Question 46

Identify a true statement about intermediate sanctions.

A) They decrease the number of citizens under the surveillance of the state.
B) They broaden the reach of the corrections system.
C) They decrease the amount of control the state exerts over an individual.
D) They increase the rate of recidivism.

Question 47

Parole is based on the concept of grace.

Question 48

In which of the following ways does home confinement serve the goals of intermediate sanctions?

A) It protects the community.
B) It predicts the occurrence of crime.
C) It increases the rate of recidivism.
D) It decreases the amount of diversion.

Question 49

Critics of shock incarceration argue that the period of incarceration is insufficient to shock the offenders.

Question 50

Probationers give up certain constitutional rights when they consent to the terms of probation.

Question 51

Extradition is a goal of corrections that focuses on preparing an offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior.

Question 52

A majority of states limit intensive supervision probation (ISP) to offenders who do not have prior probation violations.

Question 53

A caseload refers to the number of prisoners in a correctional facility.

Question 54

Identify a true statement about shock incarceration.

A) It is the formal process that follows the failure of a probationer or parolee to comply with the terms of his or her probation or parole.
B) It is a community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes.
C) Its critics argue that it is counterproductive because it does not expose criminals to the mental and physical hardships of prison life.
D) Its critics argue that it needlessly disrupts the lives of low-level offenders who would not otherwise be eligible for incarceration.

Question 55

_____ offers a more restrictive alternative to regular probation, with higher levels of face-to-face contact between offenders and officers.

A) Community control probation
B) Intensive supervision probation
C) Shock probation
D) Unsupervised probation

Question 56

_____ is a community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their residences.

A) Intensive supervision probation
B) Home confinement
C) Solitary confinement
D) Shock probation

Question 57

Which of the following is a type of electronic monitoring that grew out of Jack Love's initial concept of developing technology to supervise convicts?

A) A "predictive policing" system
B) A motion sensing device
C) A "continuously signaling" device
D) A global positioning system

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of intensive supervision probation (ISP)?

A) It includes frequent modes of control such as urine tests for drugs.
B) It increases the rate of recidivism in criminals.
C) It is solely applicable to juvenile delinquents.
D) It is granted to death row inmates.

Question 59

Diversion is the formal process that follows the failure of a probationer or parolee to comply with the terms of his or her probation or parole.

Question 60

In the context of home monitoring, home incarceration requires that offenders remain home at all times with exceptions being made for attendance at religious services.

Question 61

Discuss electronic monitoring and its technological advances.

Question 62

Summarize shock incarceration and its types.

Question 63

Home confinement saves public funds and space in correctional facilities by keeping convicts out of institutional incarceration.

Question 64

Explain the process of discretionary release.

Question 65

Discuss the concept of reintegration.

Question 66

Describe the concept of diversion.