Deck 10: The Global South

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes change in the Global South?

A) Their economies are booming.
B) Most are now democracies.
C) Their populations are growing very quickly.
D) Almost all are trying to become more independent of MNCs.
E) They experience peaceful evolution.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

One major reason why it is difficult to address environmental issues in less developed countries is because

A) the impact of reforms is not able to be measured.
B) poverty forces people to make short-term decisions.
C) governments focus too much attention on the environment.
D) population rates are declining.
E) a lack of education prevents government officials from understanding the problem.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If China is NOT counted, what portion of the world's population lives in the "Global South"?

A) One-third
B) Two-thirds
C) Three-fifths
D) Three-quarters
E) Four-fifths

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 2013, officials in which city made 10,000 people homeless when they cleared out portions of the Badia East neighborhood?

A) Buenos Aires
B) Cairo
C) Mexico City
D) Lagos
E) Riyadh

Question 5

At any given moment, how many wars are taking place in the Third World?

A) One or two
B) Three to five
C) Six to ten
D) Eleven to fifteen
E) Twenty to forty

Question 6

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a valuable tool for comparing countries because it

A) evaluates more than just economic factors.
B) measures how quickly economies are growing.
C) reflects the importance of global trade.
D) determines the level of foreign aid.
E) reports on political rights and freedoms.

Question 7

Among the top recipients of American aid in this decade chosen for their strategic importance to Washington are all of the following EXCEPT

A) Egypt.
B) Russia.
C) Pakistan.
D) Afghanistan.
E) Nigeria.

Question 8

We refer to states whose governments can no longer provide the basic necessities as __________.

A) imperial
B) indebted
C) bankrupt
D) corrupted
E) failed

Question 9

Since the 1950s most industrialized democracies have been providing some developmental assistance with regard to an agreed upon total percent of GNP. Where does the United States rank in this listing?

A) First
B) Top Five
C) Top 10
D) Mid-level
E) Last

Question 10

The states in the Global South are most often weak because of

A) long-term stable regimes.
B) an abundance of natural resources.
C) a lack of government revenue.
D) powerful self-defense military forces.
E) demographic homogeneity.

Question 11

What country was formed during the first wave of decolonization, in the 1770s?

A) France
B) Algeria
C) Vietnam
D) the United States
E) South Africa

Question 12

What is one of the primary causes of most of the wars that occur in the Third World?

A) Ethnic identity
B) Overpopulation
C) Food supplies
D) Water
E) Territorial expansion

Question 13

Foreign aid began in the 1950s with the Colombo Plan by the __________ government.

A) Canadian
B) British
C) Soviet
D) Japanese
E) United States

Question 14

The governments of the Global South are facing challenges in all of the following areas EXCEPT

A) widespread poverty.
B) declining birthrates.
C) financial pressures for economic restructuring.
D) inter-ethnic conflict.
E) the ability to deliver public services.

Question 15

For centuries, the United Kingdom controlled much of the territory of what is today India from afar. This is an example of __________.

A) carrying capacity
B) identity
C) conditionality
D) imperialism
E) underdevelopment

Question 16

We refer to lesser developed countries collectively as belonging to the Global __________.

A) South
B) Community
C) Collective
D) Underclass
E) Workforce

Question 17

In Africa, national boundaries are mostly a reflection of

A) traditional alignments that go back hundreds of years.
B) time zones.
C) agreements reached by Europeans in the nineteenth century.
D) new arrangements negotiated by the United Nations after independence.
E) areas occupied by indigenous peoples.

Question 18

Which of the following is part of the history of almost all countries in the Global South?

A) Colonial rule
B) Democracy
C) Industrialization
D) Environmental devastation
E) United societies

Question 19

The ability of the earth to sustain and provide for the people living on the planet is known by what term?

A) functional capability
B) carrying capacity
C) work load
D) survivability level
E) autumnal equinox

Question 20

If population growth in a country is at two percent, approximately how many years will it take for that country's population to double?

A) Ten years
B) Fifteen years
C) Twenty-five years
D) Thirty-five years
E) Fifty years

Question 21

The Human Development Index is an attempt to improve on comparisons made using only __________ statistics by including social welfare statistics in comparisons between nations.

Question 22

Recently, most countries in the Global South have followed an economic strategy in which they have lowered barriers to trade, known as

A) import substitution.
B) structural adjustment.
C) dependency.
D) socialism.
E) democratic evolution.

Question 23

One of the legacies of imperialism in most countries of the Global South is

A) cash crop rather than subsistence agriculture.
B) highly developed infrastructures.
C) profitable trade arrangements with former colonizers.
D) highly effective police forces.
E) strong democratic traditions.

Question 24

The Word Bank

A) primarily makes loans and also issues a smaller number of direct grants to developing countries.
B) funds primarily comes from private financial markets
C) is controlled through a system of weighted voting in which the countries that contribute the most funds (the richest ones) have by far the greatest influence.
D) Both A and C are correct
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 25

Structural adjustment has meant that less developed countries need to

A) increase national debt.
B) learn to live with high inflation.
C) nationalize basic industries.
D) open their markets to more imports.
E) increase government spending on schools and infrastructure.

Question 26

Dependency theory focuses on which component of imperialism when stressing how the Third World was forced into the global capitalist system?

A) Political
B) Social
C) Economic
D) Psychological
E) Emotional

Question 27

The IMF

A) was created at the same time as the World Bank.
B) is governed roughly the same as the World Bank.
C) was originally created to stabilize international momentary flows at a time when other currencies were fixed to the value of the American dollar.
D) Options A, B, C, and D are true.
E) None of the above is true.

Question 28

The problem of educated young people leaving their home country to move to Western countries is known as __________.

Question 29

The country that ranks first in developmental aid is __________.

A) Sweden
B) Denmark
C) Netherlands
D) United Kingdom
E) Belgium

Question 30

One of the most important global natural resource organizations, composed entirely of countries located in the Global South, is

A) WTO.
B) IMF.
C) World Bank.
D) OPEC.
E) NAFTA.

Question 31

Which international organization(s) is (are) mostly closely associated with the Washington Consensus?

A) Bretton Woods
B) United Nations
C) OPEC
D) European Union
E) OAS

Question 32

Which of the following is a member of the BRICS countries?

A) Belize
B) Rwanda
C) Indonesia
D) Chile
E) South Africa

Question 33

Imperialism negatively impacted the colonized countries in all the following ways EXCEPT

A) exploitation of natural resources.
B) geographic boundaries disregarded political considerations.
C) opposition to colonial rule unified a long-term sense of national identity.
D) commercial agriculture deprived farmers of the ability to feed their families.
E) lack of trained leadership.

Question 34

Private, usually issue-oriented, groups that perform public services and work to shape public policy are known as __________ organizations.

Question 35

As the "lender of last resort" for the Global South, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) usually

A) insists on effective public health programs.
B) encourages production of food crops.
C) keeps corruption at a low level.
D) requires reinvestment within LDCs rather than exports for profit.
E) insists on structural adjustment policies.

Question 36

Import substitution

A) is intended to preserve traditional ways of life.
B) means that LDCs have not adopted the materialistic values of the industrialized world.
C) means that the LDCs are shifting towards religious fundamentalism.
D) is a way to encourage the development of domestic manufacturing.
E) discourages the adoption of Western-style political institutions.

Question 37

Which of the following countries most consistently pursued the economic strategy of import substitution?

A) India
B) China
C) South Korea
D) North Korea
E) South Africa

Question 38

The strategy many LDCs followed in trying to build up their own industries is called __________.

A) import substitution
B) structural adjustment
C) dependency
D) socialism
E) democratic evolution

Question 39

Which of the following institutions is (are) NOT part of the Bretton Woods organizations?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) World Bank
C) World Trade Organization
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
E) They are all part of the Bretton Woods system

Question 40

In the 1970s and 1980s, radical social scientists used the term __________ to describe a situation in which the legal ties of colonialism have given way to informal mechanisms of economic control.

A) informal colonialism
B) dependency
C) weakened superiority
D) structural adjustment
E) domestic imperialism

Question 41

Identify the three factors that undermined import substitution. Explain the economic and political reasons for the adoption of structural adjustment policies.

Question 42

In what ways would countries of the Global South be better off today if they had not been colonies? In what ways would they be worse off?

Question 43

Although the United States is the largest overall provider of foreign aid in absolute terms, it ranks __________ on the list of donors giving as a percentage of GNP.

Question 44

What role do the International Monetary Fund and World Bank play in development? From the perspective of nations in the Global South are these international organizations a help or a hindrance?

Question 45

What is microcredit? If microcredit programs are such successes, why aren't they more widespread?

Question 46

When a country adopts policies that encourage domestic production and consumption, those policies are called __________.

Question 47

In the Global South as a whole, the lack of access to safe __________ is the most important, and avoidable, cause of death for more than forty thousand children daily.

Question 48

Why do countries in the Global South have trouble creating a sense of national identity?

Question 49

Why is it important for students in the United States to study the politics of the Global South? How do the problems of the Global South touch us? Give specific examples to illustrate your arguments.

Question 50

In recent decades, the IMF has insisted on __________, or the acceptance of structural adjustment and other requirements before granting a country a loan.

Question 51

Colonial rulers often gave great power to certain native people and groups to run colonies. This imperialist practice is known as __________ rule.

Question 52

What approaches to development have been tried in the past fifty years? Which seemed to work and which have not? What possibilities exist to help countries in the Global South develop economically?

Question 53

Why have some countries in the Global South democratized while others have not? What might explain why some countries have been able to create increasingly competitive, open and free elections while others have not?

Question 54

The Global South contains three-fifths of the world's global population, three fourths if we count China. What are the implications of this on issues like poverty, disease, and other areas of development? Be as specific as you can.

Question 55

A little known, but highly successful development process that loans small amounts of money to small-scale entrepreneurs is called __________.