Deck 14: The Juvenile Offender

Question 1

Adult probation officers are different than juvenile probation officers in that:

A)they are more focused on treatment.
B)they maintain contact with the families.
C)they provide specialized services.
D)they emphasize more public safety and surveillance.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An underage minor who engages in antisocial activities that are defined as criminal behavior by the state's legal code are known as:

A)status offenders
B)juvenile delinquents
C)convicts
D)bad kids

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established:

A)the nation's first independent juvenile court
B)the death penalty for juveniles
C)parental support groups
D)none of these choices

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The primary form of community treatment used by the juvenile justice system is:

A)incarceration.
B)probation.
C)house arrest.
D)none of these choices.

Question 5

When was the juvenile justice system established?

A)25 years ago
B)50 years ago
C)75 years ago
D)100 years ago

Question 6

The primary responsibility of the juvenile justice system is to:

A)deal with minors who violate the criminal law.
B)provide parenting classes to parents of juvenile offenders.
C)let juveniles off easy.
D)none of these choices.

Question 7

What type of treatment facility restricts the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls?

A)institutional treatment facilities
B)outpatient treatment facilities
C)community treatment facilities
D)none of these choices

Question 8

In the 1800s, what types of facilities were created to teach juvenile offenders traditional values?

A)Juvenile detention centers and jails
B)Asylums and training schools
C)both of these choices
D)neither of these choices

Question 9

Juvenile probation:

A)can only last a maximum of 1 year.
B)is often ordered for an indefinite amount of time.
C)can only last 6 months.
D)can extend past the age of majority.

Question 10

The key provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 provided:

A)a separate court for delinquent and neglected children
B)separate institutions for adults and juveniles
C)probation programs for juveniles
D)all of these choices

Question 11

According to the text, a juvenile who runs away from home is an example of what type of offender?

A)status offender
B)chronic offender
C)criminal
D)none of these choices

Question 12

Every state maintains an independent juvenile system that is based on:

A)a policy of treatment.
B)rehabilitation.
C)care for needy children.
D)all of these choices.

Question 13

Why do some states incarcerate juveniles at a much higher rate than others?

A)They have high rates of juvenile property crime and adult violent crime.
B)They have higher adult custody rates.
C)There is a cultural acceptance of punitive policies.
D)All of these.

Question 14

Both the juvenile and adult systems deal with:

A)excessive caseloads.
B)institutional overcrowding.
C)staff burnout.
D)all of these choices.

Question 15

Approximately how many juveniles are placed on formal probation each year in the United States?

A)10,000
B)100,000
C)500,000
D)1,000,000

Question 16

A medieval English doctrine that sanctioned the right of the Crown to intervene in natural family relations whenever a child's welfare was threatened is known as:

A)power to the parents.
B)child savers.
C)parens patriae.
D)delinquents.

Question 17

Community treatment refers to efforts to provide ____________________ for juveniles in need.

A)care
B)protection
C)treatment
D)all of these

Question 18

What is one difference between the juvenile and adult system?

A)Police officers use discretion only with juveniles.
B)Only adults receive their Miranda rights.
C)Plea bargaining is used only with adults.
D)Only juveniles can be arrested for status offenses.

Question 19

Probation and other forms of treatment for juvenile offenders emphasize:

A)incarceration without treatment.
B)treatment without incarceration.
C)treatment and incarceration.
D)none of these choices.

Question 20

Similarities between the adult and juvenile system include:

A)the option to plea bargain.
B)parental involvement.
C)sealed records.
D)all of these choices.

Question 21

Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car. The juvenile court judge determines that Jessica is guilty of the offense she is charged with. The next step is to determine what her sentence will be. This will take place at the:

A)adjudicatory hearing.
B)detention hearing.
C)dispositional hearing.
D)intake hearing.

Question 22

Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car. Which of the following of Jessica's behavior is considered a status offense?

A)truancy
B)running away
C)unmanageable
D)all of these

Question 23

The majority of incarcerated youths are charged with:

A)person, property, or drug offenses.
B)murder.
C)truancy.
D)none of these choices.

Question 24

Residential programs for juveniles consist of:

A)family group homes.
B)boot camps.
C)wilderness programs.
D)all of these.

Question 25

Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car. Jessica was charged with motor vehicle theft. Her attorney informs her that there will be a trial. In juvenile court this trial is known as a(an):

A)adjudicatory hearing.
B)detention hearing.
C)dispositional hearing.
D)intake hearing.

Question 26

Nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living are known as:

A)group homes.
B)wilderness programs.
C)residential programs.
D)boot camps.

Question 27

Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program. Edward's previous residential program was a nonsecure residence that provided counseling, education, job training, and family living. He was living with the Scott family when he was rearrested for these new charges. The Scott's told him he could not return to their home. What type of residential program was Edward in?

A)group home
B)family group home
C)boot camp
D)wilderness program

Question 28

What is the most widely used transfer mechanism when sending juveniles to adult court?

A)judicial waiver
B)prosecutorial waiver
C)statutorial exclusion
D)public defender request

Question 29

Programs conducted for the rehabilitation of youthful offenders within community-based and institutional settings are known as:

A)group homes.
B)wilderness programs.
C)residential programs.
D)boot camps.

Question 30

Which type of waiver to adult court automatically transfers perpetrators to adult court?

A)judicial waiver
B)prosecutorial waiver
C)statutorial exclusion
D)public defender request

Question 31

Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car. Which of Jessica's behaviors is considered a delinquent act?

A)stealing a car
B)skipping school
C)running away
D)talking back to her parents

Question 32

Females in juvenile institutions are:

A)fewer than males.
B)more likely to be incarcerated for status offenses.
C)incarcerated for longer terms than males.
D)all of these.

Question 33

Since 1999, the number of juvenile offenders in custody is:

A)increasing.
B)decreasing.
C)staying the same.
D)none of these choices.

Question 34

Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car. Because this is Jessica's first criminal offense, the judge decides to keep her in the community in her parent's home under the supervision of an officer of the court. Jessica has been sentenced to:

A)parole.
B)probation.
C)a residential program.
D)group home.

Question 35

Which case decided that a juvenile who commits a nonhomicide crime cannot be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole?

A)Graham v. Florida
B)Furman v. Georgia
C)Gregg v. Georgia
D)Roper v. Simmons

Question 36

What is the juvenile equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system?

A)aftercare
B)boot camp
C)probation
D)wilderness program

Question 37

What dispositions are available to juveniles who are transferred to adult court?

A)Cases can be dismissed.
B)Offenders can be placed on probation.
C)Offenders can be placed in adult correctional facilities.
D)All of these.

Question 38

What is the age where most states will transfer juveniles to adult court?

A)13
B)14
C)15
D)16

Question 39

According to the text, programs that attempt to improve the self-confidence of youth are called:

A)group homes.
B)family group homes.
C)boot camps.
D)wilderness programs.

Question 40

Programs that allow youthful offenders to live at home while receiving services in the community are known as:

A)group homes.
B)wilderness programs.
C)nonresidential programs.
D)boot camps.

Question 41

Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program. After he completes his time in the residential facility, Edward is supervised so that he can make an adjustment to community living. This supervision is known as:

A)aftercare.
B)boot camp.
C)probation.
D)wilderness program.

Question 42

Determinate sentencing is a new form of sentencing structure in juvenile justice, and in some jurisdictions, it is replacing the  traditional form of indeterminate sentencing.

Question 43

Only adults receive Miranda and other constitutional rights at time of arrest.

Question 44

Research shows that public opinion on community corrections for juveniles remains positive.

Question 45

Plea bargaining may only be used with adult offenders.

Question 46

Treatment provided to juveniles in the public versus an institutional context is called community treatment.

Question 47

A comprehensive set of guidelines for juvenile offenders that was based on sentencing in relation to the seriousness of the crime, rather than on the needs of the youth, was known as the Juvenile Fair Sentencing and Reformation Act. 

Question 48

The juvenile justice system was established more than 100 years ago to provide for the care of law-violating youth.

Question 49

Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program. Shortly after his release from the residential facility, Edward is arrested for an armed robbery. This time, he caused injury to his victim. Though he is still 16, the prosecutor believes that Edward poses a threat to the community. Edward's public defender believes he should still be under the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. In the state in which Edward resides, an armed robbery is automatically transferrable to the adult court. This type of transfer is referred to as a(an):

A)judicial waiver.
B)prosecutorial waiver.
C)statutorial exclusion.
D)public defender request.

Question 50

Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program. Edward is found guilty in adult court. The judge can sentence Edward to:

A)probation.
B)a fine.
C)adult prison.
D)all of these.

Question 51

More juveniles are placed on probation each year than are sent to an institution.

Question 52

Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his residential program. The judge decides to sentence Edward to the juvenile facility and the average stay for most juveniles. Based on the text, how long should Edward expect to reside in the residential facility?

A)1 to 2 months
B)3 to 4 months
C)1 to 2 years
D)3 to 5 years

Question 53

According to the text, juvenile court proceedings are open to the public.

Question 54

The intent of boot camps is to improve youths' self-confidence and sense of self-reliance.

Question 55

The juvenile and the adult court use proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard for evidence.

Question 56

Murder is an example of a status offense.

Question 57

Juveniles and adults can be placed in pretrial facilities.

Question 58

Police officers are only allowed to use discretion with adult offenders.

Question 59

Blended sentencing is defined as the imposition of juvenile and/or adult correctional sanctions on serious and violent juvenile offenders who have been adjudicated in juvenile court.

Question 60

Age determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, but age does not affect the jurisdiction of the adult court.

Question 61

The three major mechanisms used to waive juveniles are judicial waiver, prosecutorial waiver, and statutorial exclusion

Question 62

Many states permit waiver to the adult court if the juvenile previously has been adjudicated as a delinquent or has a prior criminal conviction.

Question 63

Juveniles in aftercare programs are supervised by judges whose job is to maintain contact with the juvenile, make sure that a corrections plan is followed, and show interest and caring.

Question 64

Most states have extended the same legal rights enjoyed by adults at parole revocation hearings to juveniles who are in danger of losing their aftercare privileges.

Question 65

In juvenile proceedings, the sentencing hearing is referred to as a(an)____________________ .

Question 66

The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Roper v. Simmons, put an end to the practice of the death penalty for juveniles in the United States.

Question 67

Instead of being arrested, juveniles are taken into ____________________ .

Question 68

Aftercare is not important in the juvenile justice process because most juveniles age out of custody.

Question 69

Juvenile records are generally ____________________ when the age of majority is reached.

Question 70

Youth who are incorrigible, truants, and runaways are called ____________________.

Question 71

North Carolina was one of the first states to develop Youthful Offender Camps for 16- to 18-year-old males.

Question 72

____________________ combine the elements of foster care and group home placements.

Question 73

Minority youths accused of delinquent acts are less likely than white youths to be diverted from the court system into informal sanctions.

Question 74

The primary goal of placing juveniles in institutions is to help them reenter the ____________________ successfully.

Question 75

Programs for youthful offenders that usually do not confine them overnight are called ____________________.

Question 76

West Virginia leads the nation with juveniles serving life sentences without the possibility of parole.

Question 77

Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be transferred or waived to adult court, where they can be tried and punished as adults.

Question 78

In _______________________, the Supreme Court granted juveniles due process rights, including an attorney.

Question 79

The concept of ______________________is the intervention in the lives of families and children in order to protect their general welfare.

Question 80

__________________is the primary form of community treatment.