Deck 13: Reentry Into the Community

Question 1

The concept of "grace" refers to the agreement between the government and the prisoner to abide by certain conditions of release.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Discretionary release is sometimes criticized for following judicial recommendations too closely.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Parole board hearings are typically open to the public.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The percentage of U.S. prisoners incarcerated for drug offenses has increased significantly in the past 20 years.

Question 5

Reentry has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment."

Question 6

Discretionary release shifts discretion from a judge to an administrative board.

Question 7

A parolee can be prevented from working as a bartender by a parole officer.

Question 8

Expiration release and mandatory release are very similar, except that expiration release does not involve parole.

Question 9

Parole is the release of an offender from the legal custody of the state.

Question 10

Alexander Maconochie was one of the original founders of parole.

Question 11

Furloughs allow inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.

Question 12

Parole is the unconditional release of an offender from incarceration but not from the legal custody of the state.

Question 13

A very small percentage of inmates are allowed to participate in work or educational release.

Question 14

Economic conditions tend to not affect the amount of funding available for neede d programs , includin g corrections.

Question 15

Many parolees "max out" on time and cannot be held any longer, regardless of how the parole board feels about the inmate's likelihood to recidivate.

Question 16

Due to discretionary release, few inmates serve the full sentence handed down by the judge at sentencing.

Question 17

Although it has been used in the United States for more than a century, parole remains controversial.

Question 18

Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea bargaining, and the size of prison populations.

Question 19

Th e concep t o f "grace " applies eve n when th e prisone r is incarcerated because th e governmen t may extend  th e privileg e o f release.

Question 20

The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.

Question 21

Which of the following has been a factor contributing to the current reentry problem in the United States?

A) An increase in the power of parole boards to affect release decisions
B) Shorter prison sentences served by those being released
C) An increased reduction in programs designed to assist former prisoners
D) An increase in the number of drug offenders being released
E) A decrease in the number of violent offenders being released

Question 22

In some states, individuals whose names appear on the sex offender registry have committed very-low-level offenses, such as public urination.

Question 23

Successful prison reentry requires that parole and postrelease services focus on linking offenders with community institutions, including:

A) churches
B) families
C) self-help groups
D) nonprofit programs
E) all of the above

Question 24

Politicians, the media, and victims' rights groups generally restrain from sensationalizing parolees who commit crimes.

Question 25

While parole officers must sometimes act in the role of a law enforcement officer, they do not have the power to enforce conditions of release.

Question 26

Government officials began to rethink sentencing policies that caused prison populations to skyrocket since the 1980s. In particular, they gave consideration to greater utilization of probation and community corrections for _____ offenders.

A) violent
B) drug
C) gang
D) sex
E) ​white collar

Question 27

Prerelease and rehabilitation programs have been increased in many states.

Question 28

Which of the following has not been a factor contributing to the current reentry problem in the United States?

A) A decrease in the power of parole boards to affect release decisions
B) Longer prison sentences served by those being released
C) A reduction in programs designed to assist former prisoners
D) An increase in the number of drug offenders being released
E) An increase in the number of violent offenders being released

Question 29

Which of the following would be the first stage under Captain Maconachie's classification procedure?

A) a ticket of leave resulting in  a conditional pardon
B) freedom within a limited area
C) labor on government chain g angs
D) strict imprisonment
E) full restoration of liberty

Question 30

The conditional release of an inmate from incarceration, under supervision, after part of the prison sentence has been served is referred to as:

A) probation.
B) parole.
C) shock incarceration.
D) reentry.
E) intensive supervision probation.

Question 31

Most parole officers have little difficulty monitoring the behavior of parolees.

Question 32

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) ruled that a two-part revocation hearing is required.

Question 33

When offenders are finally released on parole, many have a difficult time adjusting to the outside world.

Question 34

If a parole officer finds that a parolee has committed a technical violation, he or she can revoke parole without a hearing.

Question 35

Violation of this category of law accounts for more than one-third of prisoners released to parole.

A) Robbery.
B) Rape.
C) Drugs.
D) Arson.
E) Murder.

Question 36

All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.

Question 37

The national average to incarcerate an offender for one year is:

A) $10,000
B) $15,000
C) $25,000
D) $35,000
E) $50,000

Question 38

Increasing restrictions on parolees also affects their families and communities.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a reason states have recently sought to decrease their prison populations?

A) Lessened tax revenue coming into the government due to an economic recession.
B) The high costs of maintaining prisoners.
C) Burgeoning costs associated with the expansion of the prison population in the 1980s.
D) The costs of parole is less than incarceration.
E) ​The public mood has shifted in favor of parole over incarceration.

Question 40

Parolees in some states are restricted from voting in presidential elections.

Question 41

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the concept of "grace" in terms of parole?

A) The government could keep the inmate incarcerated, but instead extends the privilege of release.
B) Even though the offender is released from prison, he or she is still in the custody of the state.
C) The parolee agrees to abide by certain conditions in exchange for release.
D) The offender is still the responsibility of the government even though he or she is released.
E) The parole officer agrees to care for the parolee in exchange for a salary.

Question 42

______ release involves the decisions of a parole board?

A) mandatory
B) discretionary
C) unconditional
D) community
E) correctional

Question 43

The use of the phrase "othe r conditiona l release" avoids which politically sensitive label?

A) Mandatory parole
B) Mandatory release
C) Discretionary release
D) Discretionary parole
E) Selective release

Question 44

Which of the following is not an impact of discretionary release mechanisms?

A) Worsened overcrowding in prisons
B) Changing of sentences handed down by judges
C) Mitigation of the penal code's harshness
D) Individualized punishments to fit the offender
E) A decrease in the impact of legal procedure on criminal justice decisions

Question 45

The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision at the discretion of the parole board is referred to as:

A) probation.
B) discretionary release.
C) intensive supervision probation.
D) parole.
E) litigation release.

Question 46

Which is not one of the concepts parole rests on?

A) Grace
B) Contract
C) Custody
D) Generosity
E) ​A ll of the above are concepts that parole rests on.

Question 47

Parole rests on three concepts, one of which is:

A) grace.
B) stamina.
C) responsibility.
D) fortitude.
E) pity.

Question 48

______ release is the most commonly used method of release into the community?

A) discretionary
B) other conditional
C) mandatory
D) expiration
E) probation

Question 49

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the concept of "contract" in terms of parole?

A) The government could keep the inmate incarcerated, but instead extends the privilege of release.
B) Even though the offender is released from prison, he or she is still in the custody of the state.
C) The parolee agrees to abide by certain conditions in exchange for release.
D) The offender is still the responsibility of the government even though he or she is released.
E) The parole officer agrees to care for the parolee in exchange for a salary.

Question 50

Prisoners who receive expiration release:

A) die in prison.
B) have their decisions made by a parole board.
C) are transferred to a halfway house or other community-based facility.
D) have "maxed out" on their time.
E) report directly to their parole officers upon release.

Question 51

State parole boards are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the:

A) secretary of corrections.
B) prison warden.
C) governor.
D) parole advisory committee.
E) state's attorney's office .

Question 52

Which person (or group) typically determines the discretionary release of state prisoners?

A) State prison release commissioner
B) Parole board
C) State supreme court
D) Prison warden
E) State trial judge

Question 53

The earliest form of parole employed:

A) day passes.
B) pardons of leave.
C) tickets of leave.
D) responsibility vouchers.
E) supervised probation.

Question 54

An expiration release means that:

A) the inmate has died.
B) the inmate cannot be placed on parole.
C) the inmate has received permission to have a furlough.
D) the inmate is required to attend school or training before release.
E) the inmate has used up all his or her "good time."

Question 55

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the concept of "custody " in terms of parole?

A) The government could keep the inmate incarcerated, but instead extends the privilege of release.
B) Even though the offender is released from prison, he or she is still in the custody of the state.
C) The parolee agrees to abide by certain conditions in exchange for release.
D) The offender is still the responsibility of the government even though he or she is released.
E) The parole officer agrees to care for the parolee in exchange for a salary.

Question 56

When an inmate is released after he/she has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, it is known as _____ release.

A) mandatory
B) discretionary
C) unconditional
D) community
E) correctional

Question 57

During which stage of Captain Maconachie's classification procedure would the prisoner be considered to have been paroled?

A) A ticket of leave resulting in  a conditional pardon
B) Freedom within a limited area
C) Labor on government chain g angs
D) Strict imprisonment
E) Full restoration of liberty

Question 58

In the early parole system in the United States, prisoners were released on parole when:

A) their sentence expired.
B) the prisons became full.
C) the victims consented to their release.
D) they made financial restitution through labor.
E) their conduct showed they were ready to return.

Question 59

States that do not use parole boards use which of the following methods of release?

A) Discretionary release
B) Other conditional release
C) Mandatory release
D) Expiration release
E) All of the above are types of releases.

Question 60

Whic h o f th e followin g i s a ter m use d i n som e state s t o avoi d th e rigidit y o f mandator y release ?

A) Discretionary release
B) Other conditional release
C) Mandatory release
D) Expiration release
E) Correctional release

Question 61

When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so that they can work or attend school, it is known as:

A) day leave.
B) discretionary release.
C) developmental release.
D) furlough.
E) work and educational release.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a program designed to aid inmates in transitioning back into the community?

A) Work and educational release.
B) Furloughs.
C) Health centers.
D) Halfway house.
E) ​Job assitance

Question 63

When a parole officer finds a parolee has committed a technical violation, which of the following occurs first?

A) Shock incarceration of the parolee
B) A revocation hearing
C) Revocation of parole
D) The parolee is placed on probation
E) The parolee must admit to the charges

Question 64

Which of the following statements regarding halfway houses is false?

A) Offenders work during the day but stay in the facility at night and during days off.
B) They are sometimes secured (that is, locked down).
C) Drug treatment is sometimes offered.
D) Residents are not required to work or attend school.
E) The number of halfway houses in the United States has dropped since the 1970s.

Question 65

Inmate s wh o hav e complete d thei r entir e sentenc e minu s goo d tim e ar e fre e fro m communit y supervision because they have ______ thei r sentence.

A) finished
B) maxed out
C) filled out
D) served
E) depleted

Question 66

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) found that if a parole officer alleges a technical violation, a two-step revocation is:

A) not necessary.
B) helpful, but not required.
C) required.
D) time consuming.
E) up to the officer's discretion.

Question 67

Parolees who are behaving according to their conditions of release may  become eligible for:

A) jail time
B) house arrest
C) home confinement
D) shock probation
E) reduced surveillance

Question 68

Probable conditions of release to assist in readjustment to society may include which of the following?

A) Abstain from alcohol
B) Keep away from undesirable associates
C) Maintain good work habits
D) Not leave the state without permission
E) All of these above may be conditions of release

Question 69

The temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a brief period, usually one to three days, for a visit home is called:

A) day leave.
B) discretionary release.
C) development release.
D) furlough.
E) work and education release.

Question 70

Which of the following explains why large numbers of offenders are gaining release from prison each year?

A) Expansion of prison population
B) Juveniles being tried as adults
C) Longer prison sentences for women
D) Budget surplus
E) Longer sentences for misdemeanors

Question 71

The most common reason for revocation of parole is:

A) possession of a gun.
B) failure to report for counseling.
C) positive test for drug use.
D) commission of a new crime.
E) leaving the jurisdiction without permission.

Question 72

What are the two roles played by parole officers?

A) Cop and minister
B) Warden and cop
C) Cop and social worker
D) Landlord and friend
E) Friend and minister

Question 73

When offenders leave prison, which of the following is not something they would receive from the prison upon leaving?

A) Clothes
B) Money
C) List of rules of conditional release
D) Name and address of their parole officer
E) A job opportunity

Question 74

The likelihood of rules violations by released offenders is affected not only by the kinds of crimes for which they are convicted, but also by the duration and intensity of their:

A) criminal activity.
B) family unit.
C) supervision.
D) sentence length.
E) parole officer.

Question 75

Which of the following is a frequent criticism of sex offender registration laws?

A) The wrong people can sometimes end up on the registry.
B) The list is difficult for the public to find.
C) The laws are too lenient on offenders.
D) Some offenders refuse to be listed.
E) The laws discourage vigilantism.

Question 76

The rules that must be followed by parolees are called:

A) amenities.
B) parole etiquette.
C) constitutional restrictions.
D) conditions of release.
E) clemency.

Question 77

Which is a benefit that may be denied someone on parole?

A) Welfare benefits
B) Student loans
C) Voting rights
D) Food stamps
E) All of the above may be denied someone on parole

Question 78

Which of the following sentiments is commonly voiced by community members who are wary about having halfway houses in their neighborhood?

A) "No offenders in my neighborhood" (NOIMN)
B) "Take inmates out of communities" (TIOOC)
C) "Keep them locked up tight" (KTLUT)
D) "Not in my backyard" (NIMBY)
E) "Don't put criminals here" (DPCRH)

Question 79

On a national basis, felony inmates serve an average of _____ months before they are released.

A) 14
B) 28
C) 42
D) 60
E) 72

Question 80

One criticism of discretionary release is that the responsibility for releasing an inmate is shifted from a judge to the:

A) police.
B) prosecutor.
C) parole board.
D) warden.
E) victim's advocate .