Deck 12: Power and Violence in Families

Question 1

Adal is a high-school senior and wants very much to go to college. His mother and father promise to pay his tuition, provided he agrees to attend the school of their choice. Adal's parents are exhibiting which type of power?

A)expert
B)reward
C)referent
D)authoritative

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Walter and Tabatha have been married for 10 years. Walter has an accounting degree and a high-paying job with a large corporation. Tabatha works as a secretary with the same company. According to the __________ hypothesis, Walter has more power in the marriage.

A)conjugal power
B)resource
C)expert power
D)authority

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The text suggests six bases or sources of power. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)coercive
B)reward
C)expert
D)authoritative

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Recent decades have seen a _____ in men's share of housework.

A)slight increase
B)significant increase
C)slight decrease
D)significant decrease

Question 5

In Joe and Paulette's marriage, Paulette does most of the housework and participates very little in major decision making. She perceives the relationship as fair and equitable. Joe makes most of the important decisions and does relatively little housework, but feels the relationship is unfair. This example illustrates which of the following?

A)subjective measure of fairness
B)personal power
C)conjugal power
D)objective measure of power

Question 6

There are several components of relationship power . Which of the following is NOT one of these components?

A)decision making
B)division of labor
C)allocation of money
D)career importance

Question 7

When ______ norms of male authority are strong, husbands will likely dominate regardless of the partners' personal resources.

A)egalitarian
B)matriarchal
C)traditional
D)pluralistic

Question 8

Personal power is also referred to as

A)authority.
B)autonomy.
C)autocracy.
D)ascription.

Question 9

Husbands are more likely to have _____ power than their wives.

A)expert and informational
B)social and legitimate
C)referent
D)legitimate and reward

Question 10

According to Gillespie, the resource hypothesis (which presents resources as neutral and power as gender-free)is

A)"rationalizing the preponderance of the male sex."
B)"the most adequate explanation of gender equality."
C)"thoroughly supported by research findings on gender inequality."
D)"useless, since marriage is a free contract between equals."

Question 11

The silent treatment is a form of __________ power.

A)reward
B)expert
C)coercive
D)authoritative

Question 12

Research on couples' __________-whether they pool their money and who controls pooled or separate money-is relatively recent.

A)allocation systems
B)financial marital status
C)fund typing
D)cash decisions

Question 13

In a traditional society, __________ is legitimate power.

A)egalitarianism
B)female authority
C)male authority
D)child-focused decision making

Question 14

The text points out that it is only in the present __________ situation, in which neither patriarchal nor egalitarian norms are firmly entrenched, that marital power is negotiated by individual couples and the power of husbands and wives may be a consequence of their resources.

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)power non-specific
D)transitional egalitarian

Question 15

Daniel and Trinidad are married. Daniel makes most of the decisions, Trinidad does most of the housework, and both feel free to raise complaints to each other about their relationship. These observations reflect the different components of

A)oligarchy.
B)egalitarianism.
C)conjugal power.
D)social power.

Question 16

Resource theory explains marital power only when there is no overriding __________ norm or __________ norm of marital power.

A)transitional/relative
B)egalitarian/patriarchal
C)dominant/subordinate
D)matriarchal/superior

Question 17

Current research measures couple power in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)decision making
B)social status of the partners' jobs
C)division of labor
D)ability to influence the other partner

Question 18

Research on marital power began

A)after the second wave of the feminist movement in the 1970s.
B)after the development of family therapy.
C)after the identification of family violence as a social problem.
D)in the 1950s.

Question 19

Victor and Tanya have a fairly "traditional" marriage. Tanya regards Victor as possessing superior judgment in terms of most decisions and always defers to his opinions. This illustrates which source of power?

A)expert
B)reward
C)coercive
D)authoritative

Question 20

There are important areas of family life that were NOT included in the Blood and Wolfe study. Which of the following was , in fact, included in their investigation?

A)sexual life
B)how many children to have
C)how much freedom for same or opposite-sex friendships
D)decision making

Question 21

There are several alternatives to power politics. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)Partners grow increasingly separate in their decision making.
B)Both partners agree not to argue.
C)The subordinate spouse disengages from power struggles.
D)The more powerful partner consciously relinquishes some power.

Question 22

Family violence makes up about _____ percent of all violence.

A)5
B)11
C)25
D)50

Question 23

It appears that most couples currently want which type of marriage model?

A)neotraditional
B)gender-modified egalitarian
C)strictly egalitarian
D)modified traditional

Question 24

Estimates are that __________ percent of women experience marital rape.

A)less than 5
B)about 10
C)between 10 and 14
D)over 25

Question 25

Researchers developed an instrument known as the Conflict Tactics Scale by asking respondents whether they had done any of the following behaviors EXCEPT

A)threw something at a partner.
B)raised their voice at a partner.
C)pushed or grabbed a partner.
D)kicked or hit a partner.

Question 26

Evangelical Christians are among those who tend to embrace the ______ model of relationships.

A)neotraditional union
B)egalitarian union
C)matriarchal
D)postmodern

Question 27

Power asymmetry was found more often among __________ couples.

A)egalitarian
B)dissatisfied
C)satisfied
D)younger

Question 28

Changing marital power patterns can be difficult, even for couples who talk about it, because these patterns

A)usually have been established from the earliest days of the relationship.
B)are grounded in patriarchy.
C)require a feminist stance.
D)are hazy and confusing.

Question 29

A wife may wield considerable conjugal power by means of _____ power; that is, her husband's love for her.

A)expert
B)coercive
C)legitimate
D)referent

Question 30

Recent immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia tend to have fairly ______ gender roles and conjugal power relations.

A)traditional
B)matriarchal
C)egalitarian
D)dysfunctional

Question 31

Recent research suggests that spouses think of their marital relationship as fair when they

A)know their spouses support egalitarianism.
B)feel that there is an absence of conflict.
C)feel listened to and emotionally supported.
D)have equal income.

Question 32

Cohabitants and those who have been previously divorced are especially likely to maintain separate

A)homes.
B)social lives.
C)money.
D)pets.

Question 33

Intimate partner violence (IPV)has _______ over the past several decades.

A)increased slightly
B)increased significantly
C)remained stable
D)declined significantly

Question 34

The first type of intimate partner violence to be recognized as a social problem was

A)child abuse.
B)elder abuse.
C)wife beating.
D)sibling violence.

Question 35

The early and continuing research of __________, and colleagues has shaped the social science study of family violence.

A)Straus, Gelles
B)Parsons, Bales
C)Ritzer, Macionis
D)Durkheim, Merton

Question 36

Both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to create

A)clearer communication.
B)a special dynamic of closeness in terms of teamwork.
C)distance and loneliness for both spouses.
D)greatly exacerbated conflict.

Question 37

IPV perpetrators and victims tend to be

A)children.
B)elderly.
C)middle aged adults.
D)young adults.

Question 38

What body of literature is the primary basis for Bureau of Justice Statistics reports on intimate-partner violence?

A)Uniform Crime Reports
B)National Crime Victimization Survey
C)Conflict Tactics Scale
D)National Family Violence Survey

Question 39

According to race/ethnicity, victimization rates are highest for __________ women.

A)Native American
B)black
C)non-Hispanic white
D)Hispanic

Question 40

Family researcher Steven Nock views the future as one of __________ couples.

A)mutually economically dependent
B)dual-career
C)childless
D)unmarried

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why victims of IPV may take quite a while to leave the situation?

A)fear
B)economic hardship
C)cultural norms
D)high self-esteem

Question 42

Allowing children to witness violence between partners might be construed as

A)emotional child abuse.
B)sexual abuse.
C)incest.
D)sibling violence.

Question 43

Feminist violence researchers argue that IPV by women is largely

A)in self-defense or retaliation.
B)situational and not dangerous.
C)verbal and not physical in nature.
D)a result of women's growing conjugal power.

Question 44

Which of the following would NOT be categorized as child maltreatment ?

A)threatening to kill a child "as a joke"
B)hitting a child repeatedly with a belt
C)failing to prepare regular meals for a child
D)yelling at a child for breaking a window

Question 45

The text mentions several ways to stop relationship violence. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)separating victim from perpetrator
B)the therapeutic approach
C)telephone hotlines
D)the criminal justice system

Question 46

An alternative to child removal is _______, in which a child protective services worker is able to leave the child with the offending family and provide support and frequent visits.

A)shelters
B)family preservation
C)foster care
D)open adoption

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT categorized as child neglect ?

A)failing to seek medical attention for conditions such as poor eyesight or bad teeth
B)lack of immunization against childhood disease
C)allowing a child to walk to school alone
D)failure to ensure that the child attends school regularly

Question 48

Which of the following represents the punitive approach toward perpetrators of child maltreatment?

A)the criminal justice response
B)family preservation
C)counseling or therapy
D)foster care

Question 49

Of the various forms of sexual abuse, which is the most emotionally charged?

A)fondling
B)incest
C)rape
D)exposure

Question 50

Frequent verbal threats and routine comments that damage a person's self-esteem is referred to as

A)intimate terrorism.
B)emotional abuse.
C)verbal coercion.
D)situational violence.

Question 51

The belief that IPV is asymmetrical

A)has been refuted by feminist researchers.
B)impacts the resources available to male victims.
C)can be explained by exchange theory.
D)results in female victims being arrested as perpetrators.

Question 52

Intimate terrorism is

A)about the perpetrator's loss of control.
B)usually precipitated by an outburst of anger.
C)a method of establishing power.
D)typically a one-time event.

Question 53

One therapeutic approach to stopping family violence involves teaching _____, the ability to experience the condition of another person and care how that person feels.

A)resilience
B)forgiveness
C)active listening
D)empathy

Question 54

An LGBT individual might be at risk of domestic violence if he or she is in a relationship with someone who

A)dose not regularly attend religious services.
B)strongly advocates a neotraditional relationship.
C)threatens to "out" the other person.
D)is reluctant to move in together.

Question 55

George is accused of fondling the sexual organs of a minor child. This reflects

A)incest.
B)sexual violence.
C)sexual abuse.
D)menacing.

Question 56

If women are the primary victims of male intimate partner violence, this outcome is referred to as

A)symmetrical.
B)convex.
C)asymmetrical.
D)concave.

Question 57

__________ refers to symmetrical violence between partners that occurs in conjunction with a specific argument, tends to be less severe in terms of injuries, and is not likely to escalate as the relationship progresses.

A)Self-defense
B)Patriarchal terrorism
C)Situational couple violence
D)Family violence

Question 58

Under traditional common law, marital rape was not considered rape at all because

A)women are expected to have sex with their husbands.
B)wives were considered their husbands' property.
C)of the rules of patriarchy.
D)women could not vote.

Question 59

Which of the following characterizes phase one of the cycle of violence?

A)the violent episode itself
B)a calm period
C)a buildup of tension
D)the "honeymoon" phase

Question 60

The text points out that men may abuse the women in their lives, using fear and intimidation in an attempt to gain control. This type of violence has been called

A)diverted wrath.
B)intimate terrorism.
C)batterers' syndrome.
D)conjugal violence.

Question 61

If traditional norms of male authority are strong, husbands will almost inevitably dominate regardless of personal resources.

Question 62

Research suggests that violence between same-sex partners occurs at a higher incidence rate than it does in heterosexual relationships.

Question 63

Social scientists generally agree that the cultural ideal today is one of spousal and partner equality and of shared work and family roles.

Question 64

Most couples knowingly choose power politics, and this decision is made knowledgeably rather than by default.

Question 65

The National Family Violence Survey found which of the following to be the most pervasive form of family violence?

A)sibling violence
B)child abuse
C)spouse abuse
D)elder abuse

Question 66

As an aspect of marital power, the division of labor is the only standard by which women and men judge the equality or lack of equality in their marriage.

Question 67

No matter who earns the money, men seem to retain more control over the family's income in heterosexual relationships.

Question 68

Most marriage counselors are opposed to "no-power" relationships.

Question 69

Current evidence indicates that equitable relationships are generally more apt to be stable and satisfying.

Question 70

For the most part, research shows that partners' subjective perception of fairness is more powerful than actual fairness in determining marital satisfaction.

Question 71

Structural solutions to combat child maltreatment would involve more energetic national measures to raise living standards.

Question 72

Abused children live in families of all socioeconomic levels, races, nationalities, and religious groups, although child abuse is reported more frequently among __________ families.

A)middle-class white
B)upper-middle-class white
C)upper-class nonwhite
D)lower-class nonwhite

Question 73

Under traditional common law, marital rape was not considered rape at all because the wife was considered her husband's property, and he was entitled to unlimited sexual access.

Question 74

The text reports that police officers typically avoid making arrests that would be automatic if the man and woman involved were not married.

Question 75

Family violence was labeled a social problem in the late 1940s.

Question 76

Feminist Dair Gillespie pointed out that power-giving resources tend to be evenly distributed between the sexes.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for child abuse?

A)failing to attend religious services regularly
B)feeling highly stressed or helpless
C)abusing alcohol or drugs
D)having a stepfather

Question 78

Researchers agree that the resource hypothesis fully explains marital power.

Question 79

Husbands or male partners may also be subject to abuse from intimate partners, as may same-sex partners of gay males and lesbians.

Question 80

Usually, battered wives leave and/or seek divorce almost immediately, without repeated conciliation.