Deck 2: Exploring Relationships and Families

Question 1

The climate, soil, plants, and animals are all part of the __________ environment.

A)postindustrial
B)social-cultural
C)natural physical-biological
D)human-built

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of exchange theory?

A)physical environment
B)resources
C)family power
D)social support

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Theoretical perspectives are ways of

A)discovering the absolute truth about reality.
B)conducting scientific tests and measurements of reality.
C)viewing reality; or ways an observer may view, organize and interpret reality.
D)determining the correct way to understand reality.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Personal experience provides us with information, but it can also act as _________, which is why we need scientific study.

A)evidence
B)blinders
C)tools
D)authority

Question 5

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is concerned with the impact of family policy?

A)attachment
B)family systems
C)family ecology
D)conflict

Question 6

The __________ perspective focuses on how the family influences and is influenced by the environments that surround it.

A)structure-functional
B)family system
C)attachment
D)family ecology

Question 7

While part of being a scientist is having objectivity, in reality

A)all of us are objective and value-free.
B)scientists are the most biased of all.
C)total neutrality is impossible for anyone.
D)objectivity is an unattainable goal and should not be pursued.

Question 8

The idea that there are naturally two very distinct genders is called

A)gender dichotomy.
B)dysfunctional gender analysis.
C)family boundary ambiguity.
D)exchange balance.

Question 9

What is the primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?

A)it takes longer to earn enough to support a family
B)more children are deciding not to attend college
C)freeloading is in vogue
D)young adults are marrying earlier

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood risk factor which puts children at greater risk for negative outcomes including violence?

A)poverty
B)low adult educational attainment
C)homogeneous neighborhoods
D)a higher percentage of female-headed households

Question 11

A strength of the __________ perspective is that it challenges the idea that family success depends solely on individual effort.

A)family systems
B)family ecology
C)structure-functional
D)attachment

Question 12

The text observes that most people grow up in some form of family and know something about what marriages and families are. But while personal experience provides us with information, it can also act as

A)blinders.
B)coercion.
C)deception.
D)mystery.

Question 13

Economic _________has affected bread-winning and consumption in American families.

A)globalization
B)immunization
C)polarization
D)deprivation

Question 14

The family ecology perspective believes every family is embedded in a set of  _________, which exist outside of the family and influence it.

A)biological roles
B)internal features
C)cultural institutions
D)nested structures

Question 15

The _________ hypothesis proposes that work-marriage-family sequence is thought to be best for mental health and happiness.

A)emerging adulthood
B)normative order
C)family systems
D)interaction-constructionist

Question 16

According to the family life course development framework, each developmental task has a certain order in which major transitions to adult roles take place, called _______.

A)role sequencing
B)in a row
C)at-a-boys
D)appropriate age staging

Question 17

The pressure to achieve and the isolation of children from busy parents are all part of the __________ environment.

A)social-cultural
B)human-built
C)natural physical-biological
D)postindustrial

Question 18

Today's family ecologists stress the interdependence of all the world's families, not only with one another but also with our planet's __________ environment.

A)internal
B)physical
C)family
D)living-learning

Question 19

Theoretical perspectives or theories can increase our __________ families and family life.

A)understanding of
B)ability to control
C)ability to scientifically categorize once and for all
D)ability to label

Question 20

A possible disadvantage of the family ecology perspective is that it is __________.

A)focused inward on family functioning
B)ignorant of history
C)too broad and inclusive
D)too narrow and limited

Question 21

The American family takes on many forms today.  The ______ approach encourages researchers to ask how well these new forms perform basic family functions.

A)conflict
B)structure-functional
C)feminist
D)family ecology

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?

A)avoidant
B)compliant
C)insecure/anxious
D)secure

Question 23

The conflict and feminist theories call attention to __________ within groups-including families-and within the larger society.

A)the cause of varying individual attitudes
B)agreement and consensus about values
C)unequal power
D)equilibrium

Question 24

Family systems theory emphasizes that family systems seek _________, or stable balance and symmetry.

A)attachment
B)conflict
C)interaction
D)equilibrium

Question 25

The __________ perspective is focused on several things, including confronting and reducing oppression and patterns of subordination based on such factors as social class, race, and ethnicity, age and sexual orientation.

A)feminist
B)interactionist
C)exchange
D)structure-functional

Question 26

The __________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change in one part sets in motion a process to restore equilibrium.

A)interactionist
B)exchange
C)family systems
D)feminist

Question 27

The view that the family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society-economic security, emotional support, socialization of children-is the __________ perspective.

A)structure-functional
B)feminist
C)interactionist
D)family systems

Question 28

Exchange theory stresses the importance of __________ in family relationships.

A)a family's home, neighborhood, and sense of belonging
B)coordinated efforts and the ability to "switch" one type of interaction for another
C)how family members use their resources to trade with other family members
D)the extent to which family members can take on each other's statuses and roles in crisis situations

Question 29

The structure-functional theoretical perspective views the family as performing at least three important functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)raising children responsibly
B)providing economic support
C)promoting genetic material
D)providing emotional security

Question 30

A central focus of the feminist theory is on__________ issues.

A)practical
B)gender
C)interpretation
D)environmental

Question 31

According to the family life course development framework, the __________ stage of the family life cycle comes to an end with the arrival of the first child.

A)singlehood
B)newly established couple
C)families with adolescents
D)aging families

Question 32

What marks the end of the family life cycle, according to the text?

A)divorce
B)the death of the last person with the family surname
C)the death of a spouse
D)the children leaving home

Question 33

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

A)biosocial theory.
B)feminist theory.
C)structure-functional theory.
D)family systems theory.

Question 34

The question of how two previously separate individuals come together and over time create a shared view of themselves as a couple would be best answered using which perspective?

A)feminist
B)attachment
C)family ecology
D)interaction-constructionist

Question 35

The __________ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.

A)family developmental
B)family systems
C)exchange
D)structure-functional

Question 36

According to the interaction-constructionist theoretical perspective, ______________ is how family members adapt culturally understood roles to their own situations and preferences.

A)play-acting
B)role-making
C)role-mocking
D)watching family television shows

Question 37

The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within a particular family, is an important part of which perspective?

A)interaction-constructionist
B)family ecology
C)feminist
D)attachment

Question 38

A recent study among immigrants found that relationships "based not on blood or marriage but rather on religious rituals or close friendship ties" can serve as a functional alternative to the nuclear family. According to the text, what are these relationships called?

A)non-fiction fellows
B)fake family
C)comrades in arms
D)fictive kin

Question 39

Within exchange theory, the _________ refers to the relationship between commitment to the relationship and power in the relationship.

A)a power struggle
B)principle of least interest
C)phenomenon of disinterest
D)manipulation

Question 40

Though there is no "typical" American family today, advocates supporting the __________ perspective frequently argue that the heterosexual nuclear family is the norm, while their opponents refuse to view the nuclear family as normal, natural, or best.

A)feminist
B)exchange
C)structure-functional
D)conflict

Question 41

Family researchers will often generate a __________, or "educated guess" about the way things are, based on their theoretical orientation.

A)multivariate analysis
B)bivariate analysis
C)hypothesis
D)factoid

Question 42

When conducting __________, researchers ask a series of structured, or closed-ended questions.

A)experiments
B)surveys
C)longitudinal investigations
D)participant observation

Question 43

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would be inclined to explore the body language of the people awaiting attention?

A)interaction-constructionists
B)exchange theorists
C)structure-functionalists
D)family life course developmentalists

Question 44

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would likely note that some of the woman are in the child-rearing stage of the family life cycle?

A)exchange theorists
B)feminists
C)family life course developmentalists
D)interactionists

Question 45

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about the individuals' personal power and resources relative to others in the United States?

A)interactionists
B)structure-functionalists
C)family ecologists
D)exchange theorists

Question 46

Suzanne and Paul obtained a complete list of all 500 students in their marriage and family class. Starting with the first student on the list, each student was assigned a number ranging from 1 to 500. Then, Paul and Suzanne selected for their study every 10^th number on the list. Clearly, they were trying to ensure that their research

A)could have a generalizable conclusion to the U.S. population.
B)had a representative sample.
C)was free of human error.
D)was longitudinal.

Question 47

The most generalizable findings are most likely to be found in a survey with

A)a representative sample.
B)2,000 rather than 10,000 people in the study.
C)questionnaires that gather data analyzable using computers.
D)fewer questions, thereby producing less data points.

Question 48

According to the text, a national random sample of approximately __________ persons can validly represent the U.S. population.

A)1,500
B)15,000
C)50,000
D)150

Question 49

The __________ perspective argues that human physiology, genetics, and hormones predispose individuals to certain behaviors.

A)biosocial
B)family ecology
C)exchange
D)family systems

Question 50

Evolutionary psychology is an alternate term for which perspective?

A)family ecology
B)biosocial
C)family systems
D)exchange

Question 51

In __________________ the researcher spends extensive time with respondents and carefully records their activities, conversations, gestures, and other aspects of everyday life.

A)conducting surveys
B)historical research
C)naturalistic observation
D)laboratory research

Question 52

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about whether the children seem to be secure, insecure/anxious or avoidant towards their parents?

A)attachment theorists
B)structure-functionalists
C)family ecologists
D)exchange theorists

Question 53

________promote recognition of women's unpaid work and the greater involvement of men in childcare and housework.

A)Attachment theorists
B)Family ecology scholars
C)Family development specialists
D)Feminist perspectives

Question 54

Researchers conducting surveys want their samples to be

A)simple.
B)unrelated.
C)representative.
D)time-series

Question 55

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might remark on the quality of the facilities or speculate about the home that these people live in?

A)family ecologists
B)family developmentalists
C)structure-functionalists
D)exchange theorists

Question 56

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might point out that, typically, it is mothers and not fathers who are primarily responsible for their children's health-and ask why?

A)feminists
B)family system theorists
C)structure-functionalists
D)interactionists

Question 57

The __________ perspective has been the basis for criticism of nonreproductive sexual relationships and the employment of mothers as contrary to nature.

A)attachment
B)feminist
C)biosocial
D)family systems

Question 58

According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is it depends on the

A)difficulty of manipulating so many variables at one time.
B)presence of intervening variables.
C)fact that an adequate survey must be "in person," not a mailed questionnaire.
D)participants' honesty, motivation, and ability to respond.

Question 59

Representative samples (like Gallup polls)are important to family survey research because the results can be ________ to the national population of the sample.

A)institutionalized
B)produced
C)simplistic
D)generalized

Question 60

In the contemporary version of evolutionary theory, it is the survival of one's __________ into future generations that is important.

A)parents
B)artifacts
C)random selection
D)genetic material

Question 61

Family ecologists focus on current interactions within the family, not on historical, political, or socioeconomic conditions.

Question 62

Children who live in poor neighborhoods are at less risk for negative social, educational, economic, and health outcomes.

Question 63

Studying social change in the family can be best understood through _______ data.

A)longitudinal
B)experimental
C)cross-sectional
D)survey

Question 64

Andre is a family therapist who is interested in how husbands cope when they are the victims of physical abuse suffered at the hands of their wives. He makes an intensive study of the five husbands who are currently his clients for therapy sessions because they suffer physical abuse from this source. Andre is using which type of research method?

A)cross-sectional study
B)clinician's case study
C)clinician's cross-sectional study
D)experiment

Question 65

Our beliefs about families, based on our own personal experience, are usually accurate.

Question 66

The family ecology perspective stresses the interdependence of all the world's families-not only with one another but also with the physical environment.

Question 67

A significant disadvantage of using case studies is that

A)they usually lead to non-representative conclusions.
B)there is a high likelihood of Type II error.
C)findings and conclusions may be highly subjective.
D)the conclusions are true for only a short span of time.

Question 68

Science can be defined as a logical system that bases knowledge on systematic observations.

Question 69

In an experiment, the ______ group receives no special intervention.

A)random
B)experimental
C)treatment
D)control

Question 70

A(n)__________ is possible when the researcher has a large amount of control over the various aspects of the phenomena under study.

A)participant observation
B)experiment
C)longitudinal study
D)survey

Question 71

Realistic flavor and vivid detail are most likely to be found in which type of research method?

A)longitudinal study
B)survey
C)clinician's case study
D)experiment

Question 72

The family life course development framework emphasizes the individual family as the unit of analysis and examines the orderly stages through which families are seen to move.

Question 73

Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

A)experiment.
B)clinician's case study.
C)historical approach.
D)longitudinal study.

Question 74

Empirical evidence includes things we know intuitively, that cannot be verified with our senses.

Question 75

To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by

A)the international business machine (IBM).
B)an institutional review board (IRB).
C)the internal revenue service (IRS).
D)the public broadcasting system (PBS).

Question 76

From the family systems perspective, the parts of a family are seen as making a whole that is more than the mere sum of its parts.

Question 77

The text points out that each data collection technique

A)is equally useful.
B)must be value-free.
C)has strengths and weaknesses.
D)is unethical at times.

Question 78

The interaction-constructionist perspective looks only at the interaction between the family and the family's external environment.

Question 79

The family development model assumes that family life is erratic and seldom follows usual, typical, or conventional patterns.

Question 80

Researchers who randomly assign subjects to different groups would suggest that the investigators are using which technique?

A)survey
B)multiple cross-sectional study
C)experiment
D)longitudinal study