Deck 12: Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Question 1

How did the Mongols affect Russia's Orthodox church?

A) They destroyed it.
B) They granted it special privileges.
C) They converted to its practices.
D) They ignored it.
E) They modified their practices to include the Roman Catholic eucharist.

Answer 1

They granted it special privileges.

Question 2

The Mongol leader, the khan,

A) had absolute power in decision making.
B) had his decisions ratified by a council.
C) was a figurehead only.
D) had no power to make decisions but retained a veto.
E) deferred to the Mongol Parliament.

Answer 2

had his decisions ratified by a council.

Question 3

Who attempted to write the first world history?

A) The Abbasid caliph
B) Marco Polo
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Ivan III
E) Rashid al-Din

Answer 3

Rashid al-Din

Question 4

Which of the following did the Europeans not learn about from the Mongols?

A) Porcelain
B) Movable type and bronze cannon
C) Gunpowder and high-temperature metallurgy
D) Coal mining and higher mathematics
E) The use of diplomatic passports

Question 5

The Timurids supported advances in astronomical observation, particularly

A) the likelihood of a sun-centered universe.
B) the possibility of life on Mars.
C) the rings of Saturn.
D) the moons of Jupiter.
E) methods for predicting eclipses.

Question 6

In 1265, major divisions emerged among the Mongol khans because

A) many branches refused to accept Khubilai as Great Khan.
B) Jagadai did not accept Shamanism.
C) Batu and Khubilai teamed up against Jagadai.
D) some refused to accept an alliance with the Mamluks.
E) Yuan defied tribunal consensus to attack central Europe.

Question 7

The Mongol way of life was

A) based on hunting and gathering.
B) agricultural.
C) based on procurement.
D) pastoral.
E) urbanized.

Question 8

The religion of the Central Asian nomads was

A) worship of the divine khan.
B) limited to shamanism.
C) a diverse mixture of various religions.
D) atheistic.
E) strict monotheism.

Question 9

Which of the following was not used by the Mongols in warfare?

A) Horses
B) Flaming projectiles
C) Maces, lances, and swords
D) Poison arrows
E) Catapults

Question 10

In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?

A) Islam
B) Judaism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
E) Shinto

Question 11

To maintain control of vast areas, the Mongols formed different khanates. The Golden Horde ruled over

A) Russia.
B) Japan.
C) China.
D) India.
E) Korea.

Question 12

Narratives such as Marco Polo's created a European

A) isolationist mentality.
B) image of Mongol poverty.
C) ambition to find easier routes to Asia.
D) fear of Mongol contact.
E) aversion to all things from Asia.

Question 13

The first Mongol conquest s under Chinggis Kh an were in

A) Central Asia, the Middle East, and Russia.
B) Japan and Korea.
C) China.
D) Egypt.
E) Annam.

Question 14

Which Russian ruler was the first to use the term tsar ?

A) Alexander Nevskii
B) Peter the Great
C) Ivan III
D) Ivan IV
E) Catherine the Great

Question 15

Serbian king Stephen Dushan seized power in 1331 and was

A) crowned emperor of Constantinople.
B) named Great Khan.
C) the last of the emperors of Rome.
D) the caliph for the west.
E) the tsar of Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Albanians.

Question 16

The conflict between the Il-khans and the Golden Horde originated in

A) economic differences.
B) religious differences.
C) cultural differences.
D) philosophical differences.
E) political differences.

Question 17

Temujin was ____ years of age when his marriage was arranged.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10
E) 15

Question 18

Apparently envisioning himself as a new Genghis Khan, which of the following rulers attacked the Muslim sultanate of Delhi in 1398?

A) Chandragupta
B) Alexander the Great
C) Timur
D) Abbas
E) Khubilai

Question 19

Tax farming is the

A) payment of taxes solely by farmers.
B) sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations.
C) exemption from taxation granted to farmers.
D) growth of a new cash crop.
E) raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses.

Question 20

Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?

A) The European style of the Renaissance reached Central Asia.
B) The Dutch tulip was a cultural catalyst between the two societies.
C) The Timurids studied art in Italy.
D) Egyptian artisans migrated throughout Central Asia and the Middle East.
E) Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas.

Question 21

Mongol rulers in China were increasingly influenced by religious leaders from

A) Tibet.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) India.
E) Japan.

Question 22

The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called the

A) Imperial House.
B) Forbidden City.
C) Heavenly Gates.
D) Dragon's Court.
E) Red Square.

Question 23

Which of the following is not one of the factors that created hardship and a sharp population decrease in China under Mongol rule?

A) Migration and flooding of the Yellow River
B) Warfare
C) Bubonic plague
D) Their insistence that the Chinese practice agriculture rather than trade
E) Female infanticide

Question 24

The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia:

A) green or ginseng ink.
B) teakwood clocks.
C) porcelain.
D) lightweight cannon.
E) wool.

Question 25

Which of the following was not a reason for economic decline in China after the death of Yongle?

A) Decreased production of metal
B) Lack of commercial development
C) Reemphasis of the classic examination system, rather than commercialism
D) A switch to growing staple crops instead of commercial crops
E) Malaria, which overwhelmed the coastal population

Question 26

Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of

A) Ming literature and its pro-China sentiment.
B) Ming racehorses.
C) Ming silk tapestry designs.
D) Ming wallpaper.
E) famous Ming sailing vessels.

Question 27

Which of the following areas were not under Mongol domination?

A) Japan
B) Korea
C) China
D) Vietnam
E) Russia

Question 28

The develop ment of agriculture in the Yi kingdom of Korea in 1392 was based on what cash crop?

A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Sugar
D) Cotton
E) Tobacco

Question 29

In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the

A) Manchu Empire.
B) Yi Kingdom.
C) Ming Empire.
D) Song Empire.
E) Tang Empire.

Question 30

Which group held the lowest social rank in Yuan China?

A) Southern Chinese
B) Northern Chinese
C) Middle Easterners
D) Central Asians
E) Mongols

Question 31

The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that

A) they were mutually hostile.
B) the Koryo family became attached and loyal to the Mongols.
C) the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea.
D) the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans "barbarians."
E) of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents.

Question 32

The Yuan tax administration relied on

A) Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators.
B) Mongol administrators.
C) Chinese administrators.
D) Korean administrators.
E) Muslim administrators.

Question 33

What was the most lasting impact of the Mongols on China?

A) The Mongols introduced Buddhism to China.
B) The Mongols permanently reunited China after a prolonged period of political fragmentation.
C) The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols.
D) The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China.
E) The Mongols built the Great Wall.

Question 34

The rise of literacy in Korea resulted from the

A) combination of an improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.
B) institution of a university system.
C) spread of woodblock printing from China and the Mongol writing system.
D) imposition of Japanese rule, which forced the formation of public schools.
E) popularity of Islam, which required that all Muslims read the Quran.

Question 35

To solve the problem of credit in Yuan China, the Mongols provided

A) no leadership to improve the situation.
B) laws protecting banks and moneylenders.
C) government bonds.
D) tax rebates to the rich.
E) paper money and copper coins.

Question 36

Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?

A) The emperor feared outside contacts and influence.
B) The peasantry formed a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
C) The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.
D) The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.
E) The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China's trading partners.

Question 37

In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city?

A) Kiev
B) Vienna
C) Paris
D) Budapest
E) Constantinople

Question 38

Because Mongols controlled access to the Silk Road after the overthrow of the Yuan, the emperor Yongle emphasized

A) trade by ships.
B) overland trade through India and Arabia.
C) trade through Buddhist monasteries.
D) trans-Pacific exploration.
E) none of these; trade decreased because people could not afford to travel the Silk Road and pay Mongol tariffs.

Question 39

Zheng He's primary accomplishment was

A) converting barbarians to Islam.
B) discovering new lands in the East.
C) bringing wealth to China.
D) acquiring Ming tributary states.
E) discovering the Philippines.

Question 40

To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperors

A) severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners.
B) built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
C) changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.
D) marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.
E) formed close ties with the Manchu instead.

Question 41

The new states that emerged as Mongol power declined

A) took the legacy of Mongol cosmopolitanism even further.
B) emphasized religious and linguistic identity.
C) considered religion to be a personal rather than a public matter.
D) did not wage war.
E) shared the Mongol emphasis on traditions rooted in pastoralism.

Question 42

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Mongols

Question 43

Mongol armies were composed

A) exclusively of ethnic Mongols.
B) exclusively of ethnic Turks.
C) of slaves.
D) of soldiers from many ethnic groups under Mongol commanders.
E) of Mongol soldiers under commanders from many ethnic groups.

Question 44

Which of the following spread bubonic plague?

A) The movement of goods and people fostered by Eurasian trade.
B) Flea-infested marmots.
C) The Mongol army.
D) Sea traffic on the Mediterranean.
E) All of these.

Question 45

The ancestor of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam

A) annexed Champa.
B) defeated Mongol forces.
C) was defeated by China.
D) was annexed by Korea.
E) signed the Treaty of Amur with Russia.

Question 46

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Golden Horde

Question 47

What prevented the Mongols from invading Japa n the first time they attempted it?

A) The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
B) The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.
C) A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
D) Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.
E) The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

Question 48

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Chinggis Khan

Question 49

How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

A) Japanese clans took political control of their regions.
B) Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.
C) Japanese monks were held hostage.
D) The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class.
E) Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Timur

Question 51

Kamikaze means

A) "suicide."
B) "triumphant death."
C) "wind of the gods."
D) "honorable death."
E) "wisdom of the gods."

Question 52

One of the most remarkable cultural achievements of the Ashikaga period was

A) the development of Kabuki theater.
B) the emergence of a Zen-influenced aesthetic sensibility.
C) the perfection of woodblock print-making technique.
D) the construction of Hindu temples.
E) the production of porcelain.

Question 53

What military techniques or innovations stolen from the Chinese made the Yi military a formidable defensive force?

A) Cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers
B) Compound bows and chain mail
C) Battering rams and Trojan horses
D) Phalanxes of soldiers deployed by rota
E) The development of poison gas canisters

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Il-khan

Question 55

In Mongol politics, women

A) never played any role.
B) were expected to be meek and submissive.
C) could play an important role as regents.
D) ruled on equal terms with men.
E) were considered slaves.

Question 56

In Yuan China, members of the old Chinese elite

A) were enslaved.
B) turned away from the study of Confucian texts and embraced commerce.
C) were prohibited from buying shares in corporations.
D) continued to hold most government offices.
E) re fused to lend money to the Mongol aristocracy.

Question 57

Muslim thinkers under the Mongols were particularly notable for their achievements in

A) chemistry.
B) astronomy.
C) mathematics.
D) A and C
E) B and C

Question 58

The founder of the Yuan Empire was

A) Chinggis Khan.
B) Güyük Khan.
C) Ögödei Khan.
D) Khubilai Khan.
E) Hülegü Khan .

Question 59

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Yuan Empire

Question 60

Mongol experiments with paper money led to

A) the emergence of a powerful financial sector.
B) widespread prosperity.
C) repeated economic downturns.
D) a boom in agricultural production.
E) a decline in the value of silver.

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
lama

Question 62

What happened to cause a dramatic slowdown in the technology of the Ming Dynasty after 1400?

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Yongle

Question 64

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Alexander Nevskii

Question 65

Discuss the effects of Mongol domination on Russia, and emphasize how it shaped Russia's economic and political development.

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ashikaga Shogunate

Question 67

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Beijing

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ottoman Empire

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Nasir al-Din Tusi

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Rashid al-Din

Question 71

Some historians argue that Mongol empire building stimulated local economies and facilitated cultural exchange through the promotion of trade. Other historians, echoing the widespread hostility to Mongol rule that existed at the time, argue that Mongol domination retarded political and economic development in many areas. Which position do you think is true? Provide examples from Russia and China.

Question 72

The Mongols presided over a vast cultural exchange across geographic and religious borders. What were the important intellectual developments that Europe owed to Mongol influence?

Question 73

Discuss the fragmentation of the Mongol tribes after the death of Genghis Khan. How did religion influence local adherence to Mongol branches?

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Khubilai Khan

Question 75

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
tsar

Question 76

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ming Empire

Question 77

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
kamikaze

Question 78

On his deathbed, Genghis Khan reportedly announced, "If you want to retain your possessions and conquer your enemies, you must make your subjects submit willingly and unite your diverse energies to a single end." Explain how this principle was applied in the expansion of the Mongol Empire.

Question 79

Describe in detail the knowledge and skills that the Mongols spread across Eurasia. How did the Mongols integrate different cultural and intellectual traditions?

Question 80

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Zheng He