Deck 28: The Cold War and Decolonization

Question 1

To help the countries resist Soviet pressure, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid to

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Hungary.
C) Greece and Turkey.
D) Poland and Bulgaria.
E) Palestine and Iran.

Answer 1

Greece and Turkey.

Question 2

Which of the following cannot be said of the French-Algerian War?

A) It ended in 1962 with Algerian independence.
B) It ended with Algeria becoming officially part of France.
C) It began with a revolt in 1954.
D) It was distinctive because ten percent of the Algerian population was European.
E) It was the most brutal of all African decolonization struggles.

Answer 2

It ended with Algeria becoming officially part of France.

Question 3

The Bay of Pigs invasion

A) was a response to the Cuban missile crisis.
B) was a U.S.-sponsored attempt to overthrow Castro.
C) led to the overthrow of Batista.
D) was a Cuban terrorist attack on U.S. military bases in Florida.
E) All of these

Answer 3

was a U.S.-sponsored attempt to overthrow Castro.

Question 4

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

A) the rapid population expansion in Latin American nations.
B) Amerindian genocide.
C) the combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization.
D) a chemical spray used to destroy the rain forest.
E) the development of a defense against nuclear attack.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the new nations crea ted on the Indian subcontinent?

A) Pakistan was a democracy, while India was not.
B) Pakistan defined itself according to religion and was under military leadership.
C) India had a larger portion of the industrial and educational resources.
D) India was larger and was 90 percent Hindu.
E) India was a secular republic.

Question 6

Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because of

A) the influence of coffee planters.
B) the lack of a well-educated Kenyan leader.
C) the nonviolent nature of Kenyan nationalism.
D) its large supplies of oil, which made it a prime target for invasion by other African nations.
E) All of these

Question 7

The Marshall Plan

A) used currency reserves from member nations to finance temporary trade deficits.
B) launched a process of economic cooperation and integration.
C) provided $12.5 billion in economic aid to friendly European countries.
D) was never enacted due to partisan political feuds in Congress.
E) helped to rebuild Japan.

Question 8

Independence in French West Africa came slowly because of

A) brutal repression by the French military.
B) the lack of unity among African leaders.
C) French promises of increas ed political and civil rights for A fricans.
D) terrible postwar droughts and economic collapse.
E) All of these

Question 9

In 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over the

A) export of Kashmir wool.
B) northwestern state of Kashmir.
C) assassination of the Hindu leader Indira Gandhi.
D) breech of a nuclear weapons pact.
E) All of these

Question 10

The Eastern counterpart to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was

A) the Helsinki Accords.
B) the SALT II talks.
C) détente.
D) the Warsaw Pact.
E) the Reykjavik Summit.

Question 11

Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla resistance in 1960?

A) Leopold Senghor
B) Kwame Nkrumah
C) Jomo Kenyatta
D) Nelson Mandela
E) Patrice Lamumba

Question 12

What event was the catalyst for the space race?

A) The U.S. landing of a man on the moon
B) The successful Soviet space flight of a man around the earth
C) The launch of the Soviet Sputnik satellite
D) The crash of the Apollo 11
E) The U-2 incident of 1960

Question 13

Ho C hi Minh organized

A) nationalist movements in Vietnam against China.
B) the building of the Contra regime in Hanoi.
C) diplomatic negotiations between North and South Korea.
D) a nationalist coalition against the French.
E) students who wanted to go to Europe and study Marxism.

Question 14

The United States overthrew the Guatemalan government in 1954 because

A) it mistreated agricultural workers.
B) it threatened to seize large agricultural estates owned by the United Fruit Company.
C) of repeated strikes by trade unionists.
D) it failed to pay the army regularly.
E) it was harboring kidnappers of American missionaries.

Question 15

The first British colony in West Africa to gain independence was

A) Ghana.
B) Rhodesia.
C) Guinea.
D) Nigeria.
E) Egypt.

Question 16

The goal of Castro and his revolution was to

A) install a communist government.
B) champion human rights.
C) end American economic imperialism.
D) turn Cuba into a market economy and democracy.
E) All of these

Question 17

The Viet Cong were

A) the communist party in South Vietnam.
B) pro-French Vietnamese businessmen.
C) North Vietnamese Communist guerrilla forces.
D) supporters of President Ngo Dinh Diem.
E) avowed enemies of the Chinese.

Question 18

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a

A) military alliance consisting of the United States and western European countries.
B) military alliance consisting of the USSR and eastern European countries.
C) military alliance of n ewly independent African count ries.
D) military alliance of the recently defeated countries of World War II.
E) military compact among the nonaligned states.

Question 19

South African governments used policies of racial segregation called

A) blitzkrieg.
B) partition.
C) secession.
D) volksgeist.
E) apartheid.

Question 20

In the wake of World War II, the U.S. economy did very well because

A) Keynesian economics stimulated a buyer's market.
B) reinvestment strategies coordinated the infrastructure with private contractors.
C) of massive economic aid from western Europe.
D) the infrastructure connecting the urban and rural areas was expanded with highways and railroads.
E) physical destruction of European manufacturing wiped out the competition.

Question 21

Which country was engaged i n a war with Afghanistan in the 1980s?

A) The United States
B) Iran
C) France
D) Iraq
E) The USSR

Question 22

Solidarity was

A) a labor union of Polish shipyard workers.
B) supported by the Catholic Church in Poland.
C) a union that caused the Polish government to impose martial law.
D) a potent force with nationally recognized leaders.
E) All of these

Question 23

Which of the following is not one of the Asian Tigers?

A) Cambodia
B) South Korea
C) Hong Kong
D) Singapore
E) Taiwan

Question 24

Salvador Allende sought to implement socialist reforms in what country?

A) Chile
B) Brazil
C) Argentina
D) Costa Rica
E) Belize

Question 25

The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was

A) Nicolae Ceausescu.
B) Vaclav Havel.
C) Lech Walesa.
D) Anton Chekov.
E) Heinrich Ibsen.

Question 26

The superpowers did not view the struggle between Israel and the Arab states as a vital concern until

A) Israel developed nuclear capabilities.
B) Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
C) the Oslo Accords were signed.
D) the oil wealth of the Middle East was discovered.
E) All of these

Question 27

One of the reasons for the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war was

A) Saddam Husain's f ear that the revolutionary government of Iran would incite Iraq's Shi'ites to rebellion.
B) U.S. pressure on Iraq to invade Iran.
C) Khomeini's desire to gain control of Iraq's oil industry.
D) regional instability as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
E) Saddam Husain's desi re to spark an Islamic revolution in Iran.

Question 28

Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to

A) build an alliance with the Soviet Union.
B) isolate China from foreign influences.
C) build modern Western-style factories.
D) industrialize using small-scale industries and collectivized agriculture.
E) put a human into space.

Question 29

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

A) Racism
B) Mercantilism
C) Nationalism
D) Capitalism
E) Pacifism

Question 30

Which of the following cannot be said of the Six Day War of 1967?

A) It was a loss for Israel.
B) It resulted in Israel's acquisition of all of Jerusalem and the West Bank.
C) It resulted in Israel's acquisition of the Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and the Sinai Peninsula.
D) It was a victory for Israel.
E) It was a preemptive attack by Israel on Egyptian and Syrian airbases.

Question 31

Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries has been the

A) struggle with Israel.
B) Suez Canal crisis.
C) military coup in Iraq.
D) independence of OPEC nations.
E) decision to join the European Common Market.

Question 32

The keiretsu , which developed in Japan after the zaibatsu were broken up, were

A) a consortium of business networks in telecommunications.
B) an alliance of corporations and banks that ruled the Japanese economy.
C) a neo-liberal business conglomerate in the Japanese auto industry.
D) Japanese "new money" men.
E) philosopher-industrialists.

Question 33

The Egyptian-Israeli war in 1973 led directly to the

A) autonomy of the Palestinian people.
B) Arab oil embargo.
C) creation of the PLO.
D) formation of the Orga nization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
E) United Nations troops being stationed in the Gaza Strip.

Question 34

The policy of restructuring the economy of the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was known as

A) perestroika.
B) glasnost.
C) samizdat.
D) kulak.
E) tanzimat.

Question 35

The 1966 Chinese Cultural Revolution was initially intended to

A) restrict artistic activity.
B) control Chinese intellectual institutions.
C) have the army control the Red Guards.
D) instill revolutionary fervor in a new generation.
E) prepare the nation for war with the Soviet Union.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true of Israel?

A) It was declared an independent Jewish state in 1948.
B) It defeated armies sent by Arab countries in 1948.
C) It displaced 700,000 Palestinian refugees.
D) It lost land to Jordan in 1948.
E) It regained Jerusalem in 1967.

Question 37

The Dirty War, in which thousands were killed or tortured, occurred when the military seized power and suspended the constitution of which country?

A) Chile
B) Brazil
C) Nicaragua
D) Panama
E) Argentina

Question 38

In 1956, Israel, Great Britain, and France joined together to

A) invade Egypt and seize the Suez Canal.
B) drive the Palestinians from Jerusalem.
C) make a treaty against the dictatorship in Iraq.
D) create a demilitarized zone in the Middle East.
E) block China's entry as a member of the United Nations Security Council.

Question 39

The Cold War isolated and excluded Japan from world political issues, helping Japan to

A) quietly begin to rebuild its military.
B) regain control over its wartime territories.
C) rebuild and develop its economic strength.
D) open its borders to immigrants from nations at war.
E) All of these

Question 40

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented

A) a communist regime.
B) a pro-American (but anti-Carter) policy.
C) nationalization of the oil industry, gaining the enmity of the UAE and OPEC participants.
D) persecution of all non-Shi'ites.
E) a parliamentary republic with strict control by religious officials.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Marshall Plan

Question 42

The Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved

A) by Castro's seizure of power in Cuba.
B) by the Bay of Pigs invasion.
C) by diplomatic negotiations that led the US to withdraw its missiles from Turkey.
D) because the USSR did not actually have missiles that could reach the U.S. from Cuba.
E) because the USSR decided to place missiles on Haiti instead.

Question 43

The Western powers increasingly disregarded the United Nations General Assembly because

A) it was dominated by the Soviets.
B) the U.S.S.R. had chosen to resign from the United Nations.
C) it included a growing number of newly-independent colonies concerned more with issues like poverty than with the Cold War.
D) it was dominated by the Americans.
E) it included a growing number of newly-independent colonies concerned more with the Cold War than with issues like poverty.

Question 44

Countries in the industrialized West found the U.S.S.R. particularly threatening because

A) one of its stated policy goals was to spread worldwide communist revolution.
B) it was not welcoming to visitors from the United States and Europe.
C) it was highly nationalistic, and viewed Europeans as inferior.
D) its leadership was prone to religious extremism.
E) its military technology was more advanced than that of the United States.

Question 45

In Vietnam, casualties included

A) 58,000 American and 1,000,000 Vietnamese deaths.
B) 500,000 American and 500,000 Vietnamese deaths.
C) 2000 American and 40,000 Vietnamese deaths.
D) 34,000 American and 34,000 Vietnamese deaths.
E) 150,000 American and 400,000 Vietnamese deaths.

Question 46

The intensity of the Cold War led many at the time to overlook

A) the continued importance of European nations such as France and Britain.
B) the fundamental compatibility of communist and capitalist ideologies.
C) the fact that after the New Deal, the U.S. was already basically a communist country.
D) the global decline in Western influence that accompanied decolonization.
E) the role of space exploration in economic development.

Question 47

The conflict in Vietnam ended with

A) the battle of Dienbienphu in 1954.
B) the settling of the treaty line at the thirty-eighth parallel in 1953.
C) the 1973 treaty between Vietnam and the United States.
D) the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975.
E) none of these -- the conflict continues today.

Question 48

The Korean war ended with

A) a decisive victory by the North Koreans, who were backed by China.
B) a decisive victory for the South Koreans, who were backed by the United States.
C) a stalemate.
D) a decisive victory for Japan.
E) a victory by the Soviet Union, which entered the conflict after U.S. troops moved onto Chinese territory.

Question 49

The Bretton Woods summit led to the creation of

A) the FBI and the CIA.
B) the Federal Reserve and the SEC.
C) UNESCO and UNICEF.
D) the IMF and the World Bank.
E) the Trilateral Commission and the DEA.

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
United Nations

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Cold War

Question 52

When it was created, the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council were

A) Japan, Germany, Italy, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
B) the People's Republic of China, France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
C) Taiwan, France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
D) Germany, France, Great Britain, the United States, and the People's Republic of China.
E) Taiwan, Japan, Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
World Bank

Question 54

Which of the following groups or people was not associated with the political left in Latin America?

A) The Sandinistas.
B) The Contras.
C) The FMLN.
D) Che Guevara.
E) Jacobo Arbenz Guzm àn.

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Iron Curtain

Question 56

Prosperity in Western Europe after 1945 led to all the following changes except

A) rising wages.
B) increased press censorship.
C) the creation of old-age pensions.
D) increased unemployment benefits.
E) the construction of new public housing.

Question 57

Ho Chi Minh first learned about communism

A) during his youth, when he spent several years in Britain.
B) during his youth, when he spent several years in France.
C) during his youth, when he spent several years in the Soviet Union.
D) from books smuggled into Indochina by Dutch traders.
E) from the stories his grandparents told him as a child.

Question 58

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 59

In the 1950s, the term "nonaligned nations" came to describe countries that

A) sought to remain independent of either Soviet or U.S. influence.
B) categorically refused foreign aid.
C) were not yet integrated into the global communications infrastructure.
D) did not have contiguous borders with one another.
E) refused to participate in the United Nations.

Question 60

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
European Economic Community (Common Market)

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Third World

Question 62

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Warsaw Pact

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 64

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Salvadore Allende

Question 65

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
perestroika

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 67

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Sandinistas

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
nonaligned nations

Question 71

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Vietnam War

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Dirty War

Question 73

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Korean War

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
keiretsu

Question 75

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Saddam Husain

Question 76

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Asian Tigers

Question 77

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Solidarity

Question 78

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Truman Doctrine

Question 79

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Cultural Revolution (China)

Question 80

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
newly industrialized economies (NIEs)