Deck 29: New Challenges in a New Millennium

Question 1

Societies that have made the demographic transition have

A) decreased life expectancy.
B) increased mortality rates.
C) lowered fertility rates.
D) had rapid population growth.
E) embraced euthanasia.

Answer 1

lowered fertility rates.

Question 2

Increases in global immigration are due in large part to

A) growing populations in developing nations.
B) a third industrial revolution in Asia and Europe.
C) development of Third World nations.
D) nations providing guest visas for those wishing to work for five to seven years.
E) All of these

Answer 2

growing populations in developing nations.

Question 3

Internal migration in developing nations resulted in

A) migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.
B) the destruction of the nuclear family.
C) the return of the migrants to their former homes.
D) migrants being generally less well-off economically.
E) migrants facing class warfare when they took jobs from city dwellers.

Answer 3

migrants enjoying a better life in the cities.

Question 4

Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China

A) experienced dramatic economic growth.
B) permitted foreign investment for the first time since 1949.
C) endorsed the first Clean Air and Clean Water Act in the world.
D) renewed its commitment to doctrinaire communism.
E) Both A and B

Question 5

At the current rates, what percentage of all future population growth will be in developing countries?

A) 75
B) 80
C) 90
D) 95
E) 70

Question 6

Cultural imperialism has spread Western tastes and styles around the globe by using

A) Western techniques to sell foreign goods.
B) global marketing.
C) political control and influence.
D) fears of military intervention.
E) subliminal messages broadcast at very low frequencies.

Question 7

The rising importance of English as a global second language has been due to the

A) use of English in former British colonies.
B) importance of the United States in world affairs and business.
C) popularity of American universities overseas.
D) use of English in former British colonies and the importance of the United States in world affairs and business.
E) All of these

Question 8

What is globalization?

A) The warming of the earth's core.
B) The attempt to colonize planets in space.
C) Gro wing global economic, cultural, and political integration and interaction.
D) Protecting the markets in your country by raising tariffs.
E) The call for a one-world government.

Question 9

The most important factor in making Western culture available to the rest of the world was

A) capitalist ideology.
B) political imperialism.
C) improved technology.
D) Cold War alliances.
E) its inherent superiority.

Question 10

In this nation, respiratory disease caused by pollution is the leading cause of death.

A) China
B) Russia
C) Mexico
D) United States
E) France

Question 11

Until 2009, the most successful of the regional trade associations was

A) NAFTA in North America.
B) Mercosur in Latin America.
C) the European Union (EU).
D) APEC (Asia and the Pacific).
E) SADC (southern Africa).

Question 12

The Internet is

A) a linkage of academic, governmental, and business computer networks.
B) a series of satellites.
C) one transnational computer company.
D) currently outlawed due to repeated acts of copyright infringement.
E) None of these

Question 13

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that

A) a healthy economy would reduce the population.
B) a poor economy would drive people back to the land.
C) population growth would promote economic gains.
D) population growth would outstrip food production.
E) maximum population growth is part of God's beneficial design.

Question 14

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population

A) is disinterested in consumer goods.
B) remains in poverty.
C) views education as only a necessary evil.
D) owns some shares of stock.
E) All of these

Question 15

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), a significant new association started initially for security purposes, has pulled together the nations of

A) Iran, Russia, and China.
B) Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya.
C) China, North Korea, and Mongolia.
D) Iceland, Greenland, and Nunavut.
E) the United States, England, and Poland.

Question 16

Th e post - World War II decad es were dominated by American cultural imperialism; however,

A) many nations have rejected it and started their own cultural imperialism.
B) the Cultural Revolution in China stemmed the spread of American ideas.
C) popular culture and products have become increasingly international.
D) the C.I. Treaty of 1998 guaranteed that cultural imperialism would cease.
E) Soviet cultural imperialism has now become popular as well.

Question 17

Which of the following was not a member of Mercosur?

A) Ecuador
B) Brazil
C) Argentina
D) Paraguay
E) Uruguay

Question 18

Which of the following is generally not associated with the low birthrates of older industrial nations?

A) Modern consumer culture.
B) Higher levels of women's employment and education.
C) Access to contraception and abortion.
D) Environmental pollution.
E) Women deferring marriage and children until they have established careers.

Question 19

Efforts to preserve the environment include

A) the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
B) promoting the use of solar and wind power.
C) manufacturing fuel-efficient cars.
D) recycling efforts.
E) All of these

Question 20

Television did not spread to many poor societies until

A) governments lifted bans on television in the 1950s.
B) the emergence of satellite broadcasts in the late 1960s.
C) religious leaders deemed the new technology acceptable.
D) the 1980s and 1990s, when mass pro duction and cheap transistors made televisions more affordable.
E) the United States began exporting the technology in the 1940s.

Question 21

A universally acceptable women's rights agenda at the international women's rights conferences

A) was formally signed in Paris in 1970.
B) was formally signed in New York in 1980.
C) proved elusive.
D) was formally signed in Toronto in 1990.
E) was achieved on the first ballot.

Question 22

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, population growth in Europe

A) lowered labor costs.
B) benefited the economy by increasing demand.
C) caused a large wave of immigration across the Atlantic.
D) put strain on urban housing and infrastructure.
E) All of these.

Question 23

Since 1945, transnational corporations have done all the following except

A) make heavy use of advertising to familiarize people with their names.
B) invest directly in mines and public utilities in less developed parts of the world.
C) move their manufacturing operations to places where labor is cheaper.
D) make efforts to escape the regulatory power of national governments.
E) sell their shares exclusively to investors from their home countries.

Question 24

Among the most powerful conservative political forces in the United States is

A) the haredim, or ultra-orthodox Jews.
B) fundamentalist Islam.
C) evangelical Protestantism.
D) the American Civil Liberties Union.
E) the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Question 25

The first nation to demonstrate that a country with a non-Western culture could perform at a high level of industrialization was

A) India.
B) China.
C) Japan.
D) Dubai.
E) Taiwan.

Question 26

Where did Usama bin Laden initially recruit fighters for al Qaeda?

A) Iraq
B) Pakistan
C) Iran
D) Afghanistan
E) Saudi Arabia

Question 27

Anti-American attacks prior to September 11, 2001, included bombing the

A) United States embassy in Tanzania.
B) United States embassy in Kenya.
C) U.S.S. Cole in port in Yemen.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 28

In countries with little industrialization and low educational levels, the largest segment of the population tends to be

A) younger people.
B) older people.
C) people in middle-age.
D) none of them -- all ages are equally represented.
E) men, because women do not live as long.

Question 29

Which of the following was not a result of the financial crisis of 2008?

A) A collapse of the housing market in the United States.
B) A worldwide fall in stock prices.
C) Conflicts between rich and poor countries within the European Union.
D) Growing anti-immigrant sentiment in Western countries.
E) An unusually rapid recovery.

Question 30

Most of the countries with the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in 2010 were in

A) South America.
B) the Caribbean.
C) Central America.
D) Africa.
E) Asia.

Question 31

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights reflected

A) its intention to deprive the U.S. population of guns.
B) an international consensus against racism and imperialism.
C) its intention to try leaders of the major powers as war criminals.
D) its understanding of slavery as a culturally defined phenomenon.
E) All of these

Question 32

Today, the industrialized nations of the northern hemisphere

A) have a smaller share of the world's wealth than they did a hundred years ago.
B) are about as well-off as they were a hundred years ago.
C) have a larger share of the world's wealth than they did a hundred years ago.
D) have per-capita GDPs lower than China's.
E) A and D.

Question 33

In the period between 1945 and 1965, technological innovation

A) gave more power to the Third World.
B) increased the power of advanced industrialized nations.
C) prevented the formation of transnational corporations.
D) slowed consumption by raising prices.
E) helped the Western powers maintain their colonial empires.

Question 34

NGOs is an abbreviation for

A) nuclear grade ores.
B) network global operations.
C) nations gaining oil.
D) nongovernmental organizations.
E) national gender opposition.

Question 35

At international women's rights conferences, non-Western women

A) were elected to the majority of the organization's leadership positions.
B) complained that Western women had narrow concerns and were condescending.
C) were excluded from participation.
D) were taken hostage by white supremacists.
E) formed a splinter group.

Question 36

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been criticized most often because

A) there has been no attempt to enforce it.
B) it is too vague and unclear.
C) its "universal" principles are largely Western in origin.
D) it does not demand equality for women.
E) All of these

Question 37

Terrorist tactics, such as bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations, have been practiced by

A) Chechen rebels in Russia.
B) Basque separatists in Spain.
C) Protestant and Catholic extremists in Northern Ireland.
D) Tamil separatists in Sri Lanka.
E) All of these

Question 38

Large-scale environmental problems such as global warming have been difficult to address because

A) they are localized and require specific countries to act individually.
B) people in colder climates are looking forward to the warm weather.
C) the primary contributors to the problem are developed Western powers accustomed to ignoring international law.
D) they do not actually exist.  The scientific community now agrees global warming was a hoax.
E) the economies of industrial nations have come to depend on constantly-increasing consumption of goods and energy.

Question 39

After remaining flat for more than two decades, oil prices began to rise in the year 2000 because

A) OPEC renewed its embargo.
B) the bursting of the Internet bubble in the U.S. led investors to buy energy stocks.
C) consumption was increasing so dramatically in India and China.
D) new environmental regulations made production of oil more costly.
E) people began to realize that oil would eventually run out.

Question 40

What is the goal of terrorism?

A) To kill as many people as possible.
B) To extort money.
C) To create peace in a world full of conflict.
D) To convince people that their government is incapable of protecting them from pervasive threats.
E) To maintain the status quo.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
terrorism

Question 42

Until the 1980s, environmental activists focused on all the following except

A) air and water pollution.
B) climate change.
C) toxic substances in the environment.
D) waste management.
E) conservation of wilderness areas.

Question 43

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Deng Xiaoping

Question 44

What is th e difference between global pop culture and global elite cult ure? To whom does pop culture appeal, and why is it controversial? How has technology affected the transmission of these ideas?

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Question 46

Since the end of the Cold War, cultural imperialism has replaced overt political imperialism as a worldwide issue. Briefly explain cultural imperialism and how it has spread.

Question 47

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
global elite culture

Question 48

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
World Trade Organization

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
globalization

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
cultural imperialism

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Usama bin Ladin

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
global pop culture

Question 54

What is globalization? How has globalization affe cted the world economy and global politics?

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Thomas Malthus

Question 56

Discuss global population growth since World War II, and compare the impact of population growth in developing and industrialized nations since World War II.

Question 57

What was the basis for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 1948? What ideas were contained within its articles? Could all nations agree to it?

Question 58

What is the theory behind terrorism? Who has used it, and what role has the media played in its effectiveness? How has terrorism been a significant historical agent in shaping the current world situation?

Question 59

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
demographic transition