Deck 7: Stress and Well-Being at Work

Question 1

Which of the following is true according to the cognitive appraisal approach to stress?

A)Emotions such as fear and rage cause the fight-or-flight response in individuals.
B)Stress is mostly determined by an individual's perception.
C)Confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.
D)The discrepancy between the idealized self and the self-image creates stress in individuals.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the context of the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:

A)identifying nonwork causes of stress.
B)managing the stressor.
C)managing the response to stress.
D)identifying stages of preventive stress management.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasized the:

A)idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.
B)idea that stress tends to block goal achievement and poses immediate personal harm.
C)idea that stress is mostly determined by an individual's perception.
D)idea that the discrepancy between a person's idealized self and his real self-image creates stress.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A steady state of bodily functioning and equilibrium is called _____.

A)allostasis
B)burnout
C)homeostasis
D)eustress

Question 5

_____ is the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand.

A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Distress
D)Rust-out

Question 6

How a person sees himself or herself, both positively and negatively, is called _____.

A)the self-image
B)the ego-ideal
C)self-esteem
D)self-efficacy

Question 7

Martha, an employee at Sunshillings, has been working on a project for the last two months. The project is going well and nearing completion. However, just the day before its delivery, her son falls sick. In this scenario, when dealing with both the situations, Martha is most likely to experience _____.

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 8

Jeff, a café attendant at Tasty bakery, doubts the freshness of the bread in the bakery and requests his manager for fresh stock. However, the manager overlooks Jeff's concern and instructs him to serve the unsold bread first. In this scenario, Jeff is likely to experience _____.

A)role ambiguity
B)person-role conflict
C)interrole conflict
D)non-role conflict

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a task demand that triggers stress for employees in organizations?

A)Ethics violation
B)New technologies
C)Sexual harassment
D)Loud work environment

Question 10

_____ is a great asset in managing legitimate emergencies and achieving peak performance.

A)Stress
B)Social loafing
C)Distress
D)Cognitive dissonance

Question 11

Which of the following is true according to Walter B. Cannon's homeostatic/medical approach to stress?

A)Stress occurs when one's role expectations challenge one's skills and abilities.
B)Stress occurs due to a prolonged steady state of bodily functioning and equilibrium.
C)Stress occurs when deep emotions or environmental demands upset an individual's natural steadystate balance.
D)Stress occurs from the discrepancy between the idealized self and the self-image.

Question 12

Ben, a supervisor at Sensus Cars, urges his assembly line workers to build 100 cars in a month as opposed to the company's target of 80 cars a month. He also demands that the cars must be free from any manufacturing flaws. Ben's demands are likely to cause _____.

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the stress response?

A)It prepares a person for fight-or-flight response.
B)It causes a person to shift from an offensive posture to a neutral posture.
C)It is ineffective in preparing a person to handle legitimate emergencies.
D)It activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

In the context of role stress at work, which of the following is true of role ambiguity?

A)It is caused by opposing expectations related to a single role.
B)It is the result of inconsistent or incompatible expectations.
C)It is concerned with one's decision-making ability that influences work outcomes.
D)It is the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

Question 15

A person or event that triggers the stress response is known as _____.

A)a stimulator
B)strain
C)a stressor
D)distress

Question 16

_____ is an example of a physical demand that triggers stress at work.

A)Lack of control
B)Extreme environment
C)Sexual harassment
D)Poor leadership

Question 17

In the context of work demands, role conflict results from:

A)extreme environments and strenuous activities.
B)emotional toxins and sexual harassment.
C)new technologies and lack of control.
D)inconsistent or incompatible expectations.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true according to Robert Kahn's person-environment fit approach to stress?

A)The stress response is ineffective in preparing a person to handle legitimate emergencies.
B)One's perception and cognitive appraisal are important in determining what is stressful.
C)The human body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis.
D)Stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities.

Question 19

According to Walter B. Cannon's _____ to stress, the body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis.

A)homeostatic/medical approach
B)psychoanalytic approach
C)cognitive appraisal approach
D)person-environment fit approach

Question 20

Strain is also known as _____.

A)stress
B)distress
C)eustress
D)stressor

Question 21

When compared to females, males are more likely to ____ at an earlier age.

A)overwork at the expense of personal life satisfaction
B)suffer from fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders
C)acquire nonfatal but long-term health issues
D)abuse alcohol as a coping mechanism

Question 22

Which of the following is true of individuals with Type B personality?

A)They do not appear to recover from heart attacks as well as those with Type A personalities.
B)They exhibit behavioral characteristics such as competitiveness, time urgency, and social status insecurity.
C)They are aggressive and hostile and demonstrate a quest for achievements.
D)They fail to recognize individuals with Type A personality.

Question 23

_____ are the costs resulting from poor quality or low quantity of production, grievances, and unscheduled machine downtime and repair.

A)Performance decrements
B)Intrarole conflicts
C)Functional turnovers
D)Dysfunctional turnovers

Question 24

Type A behavior in individuals can be modified by:

A)making them interact with other individuals who have the same behavior pattern.
B)minimizing their interaction with type B individuals.
C)providing them with multiple tasks to manage time efficiently.
D)helping them recognize that they are prone to the Type A pattern.

Question 25

The psychological distresses such as depression, burnout, and psychosomatic disorders lead to a form of psychological fatigue caused by energy depletion called _____.

A)emotional exhaustion
B)emotional labor
C)emotional dissonance
D)emotional contagion

Question 26

Which of the following is true of stressful activities like aerobic exercise, weight training, and flexibility training?

A)They decrease the stress response in individuals.
B)They enhance a person's ability to manage stressful demands.
C)They increase a person's susceptibility to stress.
D)They minimize a person's recovery from stressful events.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of individuals with Type A personality?

A)They are socially secure and focus on only one thing at a time.
B)They recognize Type B behavior and can help them judge situations realistically.
C)They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements.
D)They tend to be relatively calm when faced with difficult situations at work.

Question 28

The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates that:

A)performance drops significantly in the initial range of the Yerkes-Dodson curve when stress level is low.
B)the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes-Dodson curve.
C)higher the stress, better the performance.
D)stress and performance are inversely related.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of people with hardy personalities?

A)They resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events.
B)They exhibit aggression when faced with challenges.
C)They do not welcome change or new experiences.
D)They are more likely to experience promotion-related stress than people who are not hardy.

Question 30

_____ is characterized by commitment, control, and challenge and is resistant to distress.

A)Type A personality
B)Type B personality
C)Personality hardiness
D)Emotional contagion

Question 31

_____ is a way of managing stressful events by changing them into less subjectively stressful events.

A)Counterdependence
B)Overdependence
C)Transformational coping
D)Regressive coping

Question 32

Which of the following is a gender-related source of stress for working women?

A)Sexual harassment
B)Time pressure
C)Alcohol abuse
D)Role ambiguity

Question 33

Which of the following is a self-imposed personal demand?

A)Child rearing
B)Workaholism
C)Temporal pressure
D)Parental care

Question 34

Which of the following is an early warning sign of workaholism?

A)Inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work
B)A desire to seek jobs with higher wages
C)Choosing to work an extra job to earn more money
D)A preference to spend more time with co-workers instead of family

Question 35

Which of the following is true of functional turnover?

A)It occurs when a large number of newly hired employees fail to produce positive result.
B)It occurs when low-level employees are terminated due to unethical practices.
C)It occurs when high-level employees are dismissed due to unethical practices.
D)It occurs when an organization loses employees who have little or no value to the organization.

Question 36

The costs associated with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes and work stoppages, and turnover are called _____.

A)performance decrements
B)participation problems
C)interrole problems
D)intrarole conflicts

Question 37

Healthy, normal stress is known as _____.

A)distress
B)strain
C)eustress
D)acute stress

Question 38

Which of the following best defines emotional exhaustion?

A)It is a physical response to job stress.
B)It is a form of psychological fatigue caused by energy depletion.
C)It is a physical ailment with psychological origins.
D)It is a psychological distress caused by a lack of challenge on the job.

Question 39

Three major costs of organizational distress are:

A)participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards.
B)psychosomatic disorders, burnout, and rust-out.
C)substance abuse, emotional exhaustion, and behavioral problems.
D)depression, workplace aggression, and accidents.

Question 40

_____ are the organizational costs resulting from court awards for job distress.

A)Sponsored awards
B)Compensation awards
C)Functional turnovers
D)Dysfunctional turnovers

Question 41

In the context of insecure patterns of attachment, which of the following is a difference between counterdependence and overdependence?

A)Counterdependence is a quality that limits individuals from developing healthy relationships, whereas overdependence is a quality that helps individual to organize and maintain healthy relationships.
B)Counterdependence is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior in relationships, whereas overdependence is a healthy pattern of behavior in relationships.
C)Counterdependence is a rigid, dismissing denial of the need for other people in difficult times, whereas overdependence is a preoccupied attempt to achieve a sense of security through relationships.
D)Counterdependence is more common among women, whereas overdependence is seen most often in men.

Question 42

The stage in preventive stress management designed to reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand or stressor causing stress is called _____.

A)primary prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)tertiary prevention
D)final prevention

Question 43

In the context of preventive stress management, _____ are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity.

A)role negotiations
B)goal-setting activities
C)social support systems
D)team building sessions

Question 44

The _____ appears to use commitment, control, and challenge actively to engage in transformational coping when faced with stressful events.

A)Type A personality
B)Type C personality
C)hardy personality
D)counterdependent personality

Question 45

Which of the following is true of transformational coping?

A)It provides only a short-term solution to stress.
B)It helps to reduce stress by modifying one's perception of an event.
C)It helps to reduce stress through decreased interaction with the environment.
D)It leads to unhealthy, long-term life adjustment.

Question 46

Which of the following organizational stress prevention methods is a type of secondary prevention?

A)Job redesign
B)Role negotiation
C)Goal setting
D)Team building

Question 47

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called _____.

A)primary prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)tertiary prevention
D)quaternary prevention

Question 48

The job strain model suggests that:

A)employee participation in goal setting increases job strain on managers.
B)low self-determination and counterdependence lead to a low-strain job.
C)points of confusion and conflict in a job become opportunities for clarification and resolution.
D)the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

Question 49

In the context of preventive stress management, which of the following is true of goal setting?

A)It focuses a person's attention while directing energy into a productive channel.
B)It decreases task motivation.
C)It increases role conflict and role ambiguity.
D)It helps a person to become independent without maintaining a host of supportive attachments.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of self-reliant people?

A)They do not like to reach out to others in stressful, threatening situations.
B)They are enthusiastic and persistent in facing challenges.
C)They are unable to form and maintain multiple, diverse relationships.
D)They deny help to people in difficult and stressful times.

Question 51

Increasing worker control is a strategy of preventive stress management that can be accomplished by:

A)increasing job decision latitude.
B)decreasing predictability in the workplace.
C)minimizing employee interaction.
D)conducting relaxation training session.

Question 52

_____ is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior that leads to preoccupied attempts to achieve security through relationships.

A)Counterdependence
B)Overdependence
C)Self-reliance
D)Personality hardiness

Question 53

Devon was in a plane crash and suffered quite a few injuries. Following the incident, he had nightmares about the event, and he was too scared to fly again. He avoided air travel and any discussions about flying or plane crashes. This has helped him cope with the incident. In the context of personality hardiness, which of the following characterizes Devon's behavior?

A)Transformational coping
B)Regressive coping
C)Interrole conflict
D)Intrarole conflict

Question 54

Because of increasing reports of stress among its employees, the management of ZenZin Inc. decides to reduce the working hours of its employees from 45 to 40 hours per week. In the context of preventive stress management, the management's decision is an example of _____.

A)individual prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)primary prevention
D)tertiary prevention

Question 55

_____ is characterized by a passive avoidance of events and decreased interaction with the environment.

A)Transformational coping
B)Interrole conflict
C)Regressive coping
D)Intrarole conflict

Question 56

Which of the following is true of role negotiation?

A)It increases role ambiguity in the workplace.
B)It allows individuals to modify their work roles.
C)It results in low productivity due to decreased worker control.
D)It develops a supportive social relationship in the workplace.

Question 57

_____ is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior that leads to separation in relationships with other people.

A)Counterdependence
B)Overdependence
C)Self-reliance
D)Personality hardiness

Question 58

In the context of preventive stress management, secondary prevention is intended to:

A)reduce or modify the demand that is causing stress.
B)modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand or stressor.
C)heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain.
D)eliminate key environmental sources of stress.

Question 59

_____ is a healthy, secure interdependent pattern of behavior related to how people form and maintain supportive attachments with others.

A)Overdependence
B)Counterdependence
C)Personality hardiness
D)Self-reliance

Question 60

True organizational stress prevention is considered primary in nature because:

A)it modifies the individual's or the organization's response to a demand.
B)it reduces the demands the organization places on the employee.
C)it identifies symptoms of stress in individuals.
D)it heals individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain.

Question 61

The sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system work together to trigger four mind-body changes that prepare a person for fight or flight.

Question 62

The cognitive appraisal approach to stress emphasized the idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.

Question 63

Which of the following is the last step of the GP³ method of time management?

A)Prioritizing goals in terms of their relative importance
B)Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way
C)Setting goals that are challenging yet attainable
D)Planning for goal attainment through specific tasks

Question 64

Martina, an employee at a tailor shop, can stitch up to two good-quality shirts per day. However, her employer asks her to complete a bulk order within two days without compromising on the quality of the shirts. In this scenario, Martina is stressed due to an interrole conflict at work.

Question 65

Which of the following elicits a relaxation response?

A)Performance appraisal
B)Role negotiation
C)Goal-setting activities
D)Meditation

Question 66

Which of the following is true of positive thinking?

A)It helps people ignore stressors and challenges.
B)It helps individuals to view stressors differently.
C)It guides individuals to avoid taking credit for the good events in their lives.
D)It is inherited in few individuals and cannot be learned overtime.

Question 67

Every person has the same threshold as to the amount of stress he or she can take before they break down.

Question 68

Whether activated by an ego-ideal/self-image discrepancy, a poorly defined social role, a cognitive appraisal suggesting threat, or a lack of balance, the resulting stress response is characterized by a predictable sequence of mind and body events.

Question 69

Work stress is caused by factors in the work environment as well as by external pressures that spill over into the workplace.

Question 70

George, an actor at String Theatres, has been playing the role of a carpenter in the same drama for more than five years. The director, Jeff, does not wish to change George's role or even change his dialogues. Because of this, George begins to experience apathy and his performance deteriorates. In this scenario, George is experiencing a psychological response to job stress called burnout.

Question 71

In the context of self-directed interventions, which of the following is true of learned optimism?

A)It is a secondary stress prevention activity.
B)It begins with the definition of a focal role within the organizational context.
C)It begins with identifying pessimistic thoughts and then distracting oneself from these thoughts.
D)It is a characteristic of Type A personality.

Question 72

Which of the following is true of optimistic people?

A)They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary.
B)They are unlikely to face adversity with hope.
C)They refuse to take credit for the good events in their lives.
D)They are less likely to use proactive coping skills to achieve goals.

Question 73

Individual differences, such as gender, enhance vulnerability to strain under stressful conditions.

Question 74

Damian is a professional gymnast and ranks number 5 in his country. However, he considers his short temper to be a terrible flaw and thinks it makes him a bad person. He believes the only way to be considered successful is to be the number 1 gymnast in the country. This makes Damian feel very stressed. In the context of approaches to stress, Damian is feeling stressed due to inconsistent expectations.

Question 75

According to the homeostatic/medical approach to stress, stress occurs when deep emotions or environmental demands upset an individual's natural steadystate balance.

Question 76

An employee assistance program:

A)can be very helpful in referring employees to appropriate caregivers.
B)is an individual prevention approach to stress reduction.
C)is an organizational program to encourage employee participation in decision-making.
D)can be used by organizations to encourage Type A behavior pattern among employees.

Question 77

In the context of individual stress prevention, which of the following is true of flexibility training?

A)It helps one cultivate an optimistic frame of mind.
B)It helps to prevent the accumulation of unnecessary muscular tension.
C)It helps to overcome stress through self-disclosure.
D)It helps to avoid permanent psychological damage due to stress.

Question 78

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention activities that helps prevent distress and enhance positive well-being of employees in the workplace?

A)Time-management session
B)Physical exercise
C)Meditation
D)Counseling session

Question 79

_____ is an important secondary stress prevention activity for individuals.

A)Time management
B)Leisure time activities
C)Learned optimism
D)Physical exercise

Question 80

Which of the following helps to develop supportive social relationships in the workplace?

A)Team building activities
B)Annual assessments
C)Role negotiations
D)Performance appraisals