Deck 6: Securing Independence, Defining Nationhood

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Whigs and Tories (loyalists)

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Hessians

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Lord Charles Cornwallis, Battle of Yorktown

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Nathanael Greene

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
George Washington

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
John Sullivan

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Abigail Adams

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Battles of Trenton and Princeton

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Battle of Monmouth

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Continental Army

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Battle of Saratoga

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Joseph Brant (Thayendagea)

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Loyalists

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Valley Forge

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Treaty of Paris

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Agrippa Hull

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Marquis de Lafayette, Friedrich von Steuben, Thaddeus K ó sciuszko

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
William and Richard Howe

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Prince Hall, Phillis Wheatley

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Battle of Brandywine Creek

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Treaties of Fort Stanwix, Fort McIntosh, and Fort Finney

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Federalists and Antifederalists

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Shays's Rebellion

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Three-fifths clause"

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Alexander McGillivray

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Bicameral legislatures

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
State Constitutions and Bills of Rights

Question 29

What did American Tories believe?

A) They believed separation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war.
B) They believed Parliament had the right to tax the colonies.
C) They believed only independence could preserve the colonists' constitutional rights.
D) They believed loyal support for Lord North was the surest way to achieve a military victory.
E) They believed the king, not Parliament, was responsible for the problems facing the colonies.

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
James Madison, Constitution of the United States

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Robert Morris, Newburgh Conspiracy

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Articles of Confederation

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Jay-Gardoqui Treaty

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
League of Armed Neutrality

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
The Federalist

Question 36

What beliefs did loyalists and patriots share?

A) They were all opposed to secession from Britain.
B) They both opposed Parliament's claim of authority to tax the colonies.
C) They worried about what would happen if the patriots should be victorious.
D) They agreed that those on the losing side should forfeit their rights to any land they held.
E) They both thought that for the greater good, it would be important to rally behind whichever side was ultimately victorious.

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Republicanism

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Philadelphia Convention

Question 41

What were the consequences of the outcome of the battles at Trenton and Princeton?

A) they boosted civilian and military morale of the Americans.
B) They strengthened the bargaining position of New Jersey's 5,000 loyalists.
C) They increased the morale and optimism of British troops.
D) They convinced France to recognize the independence of the United States and join the war on the side of the Americans.
E) They enabled the British to double their troop strength in New Jersey and Delaware.

Question 42

Joseph Brant was

A) the Mohawk chief who, as leader of the Iroquois confederation, sided with the British during the Revolution and later became the inspiration behind Indian resistance in the Northwest
B) the most famous African American to fight for the Americans during the Revolution
C) the author who was lynched in Boston because of his pamphlet arguing that Anglo-American compromise and peace would be preferable to transatlantic war and possible independence
D) the leader of the pro-American peace party in the House of Commons
E) the main spokesman for the Antifederalists in the battle over ratification of the Constitution

Question 43

Which of the following was one of the ways the American Revolution affected African-Americans?

A) States throughout the nation abolished slavery.
B) The new Constitution of the United States abolished slavery effective 1809.
C) Washington and Jefferson freed their slaves to set an example.
D) Most northern states took steps to weaken the institution of slavery and phase it out, while no state south of Pennsylvania abolished slavery.
E) African Americans were guaranteed the right to vote.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is not a reason why the Constitution was ratified in 1788?

A) Supporters of the Constitution had much more recognizable leaders.
B) Alexander Hamilton and James Madison made spirited arguments in favor of the Constitution.
C) A Bill of Rights was added in 1787 to persuade opponents of the Constitution to accept it.
D) Supporters of the Constitution were much better organized.
E) Most newspapers favored ratification of the Constitution.

Question 45

Which of the following was not an advantage that the British had over the Americans in the War for Independence?

A) Britain had large numbers of soldiers already stationed in North America.
B) Britain had the resources to hire German mercenaries as soldiers.
C) Britain had long had one of the best navies in the world.
D) The British population was more than 4 times greater than that of the colonies.
E) Britain had a nearly unlimited ability to finance the war, no matter how long it dragged on.

Question 46

How were blacks accounted for in the Constitution?

A) Free blacks were granted citizenship and given the right to vote.
B) Each state would have two black representatives in the Senate.
C) Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for tax and representation purposes.
D) The national government would have the power to abolish the slave trade at any time.
E) Three-fifths of the slave states would have to end slavery by 1824.

Question 47

What happened at the Battle of Saratoga?

A) A British drive toward Albany was halted when General Burgoyne surrendered 5,800 troops to General Gates.
B) Cooperation between General Washington's armies and the French fleet trapped General Cornwallis and forced him to surrender.
C) General Washington was forced to retreat to New Jersey to escape defeat.
D) The American forces were saved only with the arrival of 15,000 fresh French troops.
E) Fifty-nine cannons that Colonel Henry Knox brought overland from Fort Ticonderoga helped to save the day for the Americans.

Question 48

Why does General Nathaniel Greene have a reputation for success despite losing three major battles between March and September 1781?

A) His presence on Long Island was enough to convince the British to abandon New York.
B) France's King Louis was impressed with the discipline and style of American troops and decided to aid the rebels in their struggle.
C) He succeeded in harassing so many British merchant vessels that British merchants pressured their government to end the war.
D) He had influential friends in Congress and was able to use them to spread a myth about his military genius.
E) He sapped British strength and forced General Cornwallis to abandon the backcountry and lead his troops into Virginia.

Question 49

Why was the Battle of Saratoga so significant to the American Revolution?

A) It convinced France to support the United States publicly.
B) It convinced Spain to support the United States publicly.
C) It convinced the Netherlands to support the United States publicly.
D) It convinced Russia to support the United States publicly.
E) It convinced Sweden to support the United States publicly.

Question 50

What were the "Continentals?"

A) The nickname given to the group who gathered to write the Articles of Confederation
B) The paper money printed by the American government to help finance the cost of the war
C) A radical political group opposed to the wording of the proposed Constitution
D) The British army sent to squash the colonial rebellion
E) French soldiers like Lafayette who aided the American cause

Question 51

Which of the following areas was a loyalist stronghold during the Revolution?

A) New England
B) New York
C) The South Carolina seacoast
D) Pennsylvania
E) tidewater Virginia

Question 52

Who was Friedrich von Steuben?

A) He was the commander of the Hessian forces employed by the British during the War for Independence.
B) He was the representative of Prussia at the Paris peace conference.
C) He was the man who turned the American army into a formidable fighting force.
D) He was the leader of the Antifederalist forces in Pennsylvania.
E) He was the Dutch merchant who was the first casualty in the American War for Independence.

Question 53

How could the American army in the early years of the War for Independence be characterized?

A) It was a well-trained army with a strong tradition of bravery under fire.
B) It was not trained to fight pitched battles against professional armies.
C) It was buoyed by a string of exhilarating victories.
D) It was uncoordinated because of the influence of foreign troops who did not speak English.
E) It was floundering because of a lack of effective or respected leaders.

Question 54

Which of the following conditions was not true of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution?

A) A minority of voters typically elected a majority of assemblymen.
B) New constitutions could be amended only by the voters.
C) The new constitutions included explicit bills of rights.
D) They abolished property and tax-paying qualifications for voting.
E) In most states, elections became annual and the governor became an elected official.

Question 55

According to the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could be admitted as a new state when

A) it adopted a constitution prohibiting slavery.
B) it could prove that it had eliminated the presence of Indians.
C) its people voted to accept the Constitution.
D) its population reached 60,000.
E) it was able to provide at least $1 million in annual tax revenues.

Question 56

Which of the following battles forced the British government to commence peace negotiations with the Americans?

A) Yorktown
B) Saratoga
C) Brandywine Creek
D) Camden
E) Long Island

Question 57

While waging the American Revolution and running the government before 1787, how was Congress limited by the Articles of Confederation?

A) The articles prohibited Congress from placing tariffs on imports.
B) The articles did not give Congress the authority to order states to comply with its requests.
C) The articles gave too much power to the executive.
D) The articles required Congress to obtain the unanimous approval of the states to declare war.
E) The articles failed to establish a judiciary.

Question 58

Which of the following was not one of Britain's difficulties during the War for Independence?

A) It had a large but ill-trained army.
B) It had difficulty in supplying the army.
C) Its navy had been weakened by budget cuts.
D) American privateers seriously hampered Britain's merchant marine.
E) It had a rising financial burden that the politically influential landed gentry were increasingly reluctant to shoulder.

Question 59

Which of the following statements correctly describes the fate of Loyalists after the British defeat in the American Revolution?

A) The Confederation government deported them to Sierra Leone.
B) State tribunals quickly tried them and executed thousands.
C) The wealthy Loyalists fled to Canada while the poor Loyalists remained in the new United States.
D) Only a small number ¾ perhaps 3 percent ¾ left the United States.
E) They bought large estates in northern New York and joined the Federalist party.

Question 60

Which of the following was not one of the terms of the Peace of Paris?

A) Loyalists were to be compensated for their property losses.
B) East and west Florida were transferred from Spain to the United States.
C) The United States received fishing rights off the Grand Banks of Canada.
D) Britain recognized American independence.
E) The British were to return slaves who had been confiscated by their troops.

Question 61

What did the term "democrat" imply for most elite leaders of the American Revolution?

A) mob rule and or rule by an uneducated multitude.
B) virtuous leaders elected for their superior talents and commitment to the public good
C) universal suffrage
D) a large, powerful, and intrusive federal government
E) a weak defense policy and frequent military defeat.

Question 62

Which of the following facts concerning the Northwest Ordinance is not true?

A) It forbade slavery in the Northwest Territory.
B) It permitted the citizens of a territory to elect a legislature and make their own laws.
C) It permitted the citizens of a territory to write a state constitution and apply to Congress for admission as a new state.
D) It outlined the steps for the creation and admission of new states.
E) It removed Native Americans and guaranteed white settlers the right to buy land in the territory.

Question 63

How did Robert Morris propose to solve the nation's financial crisis?

A) He proposed amending the Articles of Confederation to allow the national government to levy taxes without state approval.
B) He proposed levying a national import duty to finance the congressional budget and to guarantee interest payments on the war debt.
C) He proposed encouraging the army to mutiny and seize control of the national government.
D) He proposed cutting taxes and reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy.
E) All of these choices

Question 64

What was John Sullivan's part in the Revolutionary War?

A) He was the American emissary to Paris who persuaded the French to support the United States.
B) He served as an American spy in New York and kept Washington abreast of British maneuvers.
C) He managed America's finances throughout the Revolution.
D) He taught the soldiers in the Continental Army basic drills and tactics.
E) He commanded the American forces that ultimately devastated the pro-British Iroquois Indians.

Question 65

Who fought for the rights of black Americans in Massachusetts and the United States in the 1780s?

A) William Lloyd Garrison
B) Agrippa Hull
C) Prince Hall
D) Frederick Douglas
E) Denmark Vesey

Question 66

What is the term used for the system of shared power and dual lawmaking by state and national governments as established by the constitution?

A) Functional separation of powers
B) Bicameralism
C) Virtual representation
D) Federalism
E) Localism

Question 67

Who was Phillis Wheatley?

A) One of the best-known poets of the American Revolution
B) A slave woman in Boston
C) An advocate for freeing slaves
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices

Question 68

Which statement concerning the delegates to the Constitutional Convention is most accurate?

A) They were dominated by the great farmers from the mid-Atlantic and southern states.
B) They tended to be wealthy lawyers in their thirties and forties.
C) They were predominantly America's "elder statesmen," the generation that had shaped the nation's destiny since the 1750s.
D) They were mainly merchants, shippers, and businessmen with a solidly commercial, international outlook.
E) They represented a cross-section of American society in the 1780s.

Question 69

What was the key issue at the Constitutional Convention?

A) whether the new national government should be more or less powerful than the Confederation government.
B) whether or not slavery should be abolished.
C) how to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states.
D) how to convince the general population to support a document written by the elite.
E) when the new government could acquire additional territory.

Question 70

What did the term "republican" imply for most leaders of the American Revolution?

A) mob rule and or rule by an uneducated multitude.
B) virtuous leaders elected for their superior talents and commitment to the public good
C) rule by wealthy corporate attorneys
D) a large federal budget deficit
E) power decentralized primarily among the large states

Question 71

Which of the following was not one of the conditions leading to Daniel Shays's Rebellion?

A) An economic recession
B) Huge tax increases
C) Farm foreclosures
D) Balance of payments problems
E) A slave uprising in a neighboring state.

Question 72

By 1784, what did all state constitutions include?

A) Provisions for a strong executive
B) Provisions for a strong legislature
C) Provisions for a strong judiciary
D) A bill of rights
E) None of these choices

Question 73

Which of the following was not one of the features or powers of government under the Articles of Confederation?

A) a national congress in which each state had only one vote.
B) the requirement for unanimous approval of the states before Congress could enact any tax measure.
C) the provision that no congressional power to regulate interstate or foreign commerce.
D) a single-chamber Congress, elected by state legislatures, in which each state had one vote.
E) a president elected by the state legislatures.

Question 74

Abigail Adams is best remembered for

A) Sewing the first American flag
B) Participating in important boycotts of British goods during the Revolution
C) Challenging gender roles in a letter to her husband
D) Serving as a spy during the American Revolution
E) Being the first published female author in the United States

Question 75

What was the name of the proposal to create a single-chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote?

A) New Jersey Plan
B) Connecticut Plan
C) Three-fifths Plan
D) Virginia Plan
E) Unity Plan

Question 76

Which of the following statements applies to The Ordinance of 1785?

A) It followed natural topography and physical features to draw the boundaries of townships and private landholdings.
B) It ignored Native Americans' claims that previous treaties ceding the land were invalid.
C) It was the first major piece of legislation passed under the government established by the Constitution
D) It was designed to weaken French settlements in Quebec.
E) It was rejected by the Constitutional Convention but implemented by President Washington as an Executive Order.

Question 77

Which of the following was not one of the problems facing the newly-independent United States after the Treaty of Paris?

A) State governments refused to compensate loyalists for their property losses
B) State governments and erected barriers against British creditors' attempts to collect prewar debts.
C) The British refused to honor treaty pledges to abandon forts in the Northwest and to return American-owned slaves under their control.
D) British trade prohibitions remained in effect.
E) The booming New England economy tended to cause rampant inflation elsewhere in the country.

Question 78

Which piece of legislation created the basic unit of settlement in the territory north of the Ohio River?

A) Articles of Confederation
B) Ordinance of 1785
C) Connecticut Compromise
D) Northwest Ordinance
E) Federal Constitution of 1787

Question 79

Which state made the proposal to create a bicameral national legislature, with representation based proportionally on each state's population?

A) New Jersey
B) Connecticut
C) Pennsylvania
D) Virginia
E) North Carolina

Question 80

Of all the political innovations of the era of the American Revolution, which can be considered the most radical?

A) the theory that power within a government had to be restrained through a series of checks and balances.
B) the realization that both houses of a bicameral legislature represented all the people, not just narrow classes.
C) the idea that political institutions should be judged by the standard of whether they served the public good rather than the interests of the powerful few.
D) the assertion that government was based on the consent of the governed and that revolution, therefore, was sometimes justifiable.
E) the introduction of government with powers divided among three branches.