Deck 12: The Old South and Slavery

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Upper South and Lower (Deep) South

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
William Tiler Johnson

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Tredegar Iron Works

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Internal Slave Trade

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Hinton R. Helper, The Impending Crisis of the South

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Small Slaveholders

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Planters

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Cotton Kingdom

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Fictive" Kin networks

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Overseer

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
George Fitzhugh

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Plantation agriculture

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Denmark Vesey

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Southern code of honor

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Nat Turner Rebellion

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Gabriel Prosser

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Task system

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Gang Labor

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Yeomen

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
People of the pine barrens

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Pidgin

Question 22

Why did factories develop slowly in the South?

A) Slave discipline was difficult to maintain in a factory system.
B) The economic rewards of agriculture were more certain.
C) Industrialization might have disrupted the traditional southern social structure.
D) To raise the capital needed to build factories, Southerners would have had to sell slaves.
E) All of these choices

Question 23

Which list of states contains only states that were part of the Upper South?

A) Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maryland
B) Alabama, Virginia, and South Carolina
C) Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
D) Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas
E) Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri

Question 24

What characterized life for most plantation mistresses?

A) Isolation, drudgery, and humiliation.
B) An endless round of parties and dances.
C) Frequent trips to town to buy new gowns.
D) Secret abolitionist activity.
E) Hours of exposure each day to the sun, as they supervised the slaves.

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Black music and dance

Question 26

Who led the 1831 rebellion in Southampton County, VA that terrified the South for generations?

A) Denmark Vesey
B) Gabriel Prosser
C) Nat Turner
D) Frederick Douglass
E) John Sambo

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Frederick Douglass

Question 28

Why did Southern education lag behind northern education?

A) The South had no money for schools.
B) Southerners rejected compulsory education.
C) There were too many children to be educated.
D) Slaves demanded to be educated along with whites.
E) Southerners wanted to educate their slaves but did not have the tax base to do so.

Question 29

By 1860 what percentage of white southern families owned slaves?

A) 25%
B) 2%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) 50%

Question 30

Which of the following is a crop that was not associated with the Upper South?

A) vegetables
B) Sugar
C) Wheat
D) Tobacco
E) hemp

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Virginia emancipation legislation

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Spirituals

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
F ree blacks

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Harriet Tubman, Underground Railroad

Question 35

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that cotton became "king" in the South?

A) It could be grown profitably on any scale, not just on large plantations.
B) Southern climate was suited to cotton cultivation.
C) The growth of the British textile industry had created a huge demand for cotton.
D) Indian removals had made way for southern expansion into the "Cotton Kingdom."
E) It required the use of slaves.

Question 36

What was the largest group of southern whites in the antebellum period?

A) Planters
B) Small slaveholders
C) Nonslaveholding yeomen
D) Urban shopkeepers
E) People of the pine barrens

Question 37

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of slavery?

A) Family life was very important to a slave's existence.
B) Religion offered slaves hope and a meaning to life.
C) Most slaves gladly accepted the limits on their freedom in return for security.
D) Slaves sometimes protested in small but significant ways.
E) Most slaves worked in agriculture.

Question 38

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Upper South and the Lower South?

A) The Upper South depended entirely on cotton, while the Lower South had a diversified economy.
B) Both sections aggressively advocated secession.
C) After about 1830, both were united in their defense of slavery.
D) The Upper South tended to identify more with the North than with the Lower South.
E) Both sections were beginning to industrialize.

Question 39

What did the typical southern yeoman want?

A) Self-sufficiency with a modest profit
B) Profit more than self-sufficiency
C) Large numbers of slaves
D) Opportunities to invest in northern factories
E) A chance to move to the city

Question 40

How would you describe antebellum southern politics?

A) Serious and divisive issues caused fragmentation.
B) Only the Democratic party had any support in the South.
C) An underlying political unity reigned despite conflicts.
D) The political structure was controlled by one social group.
E) None of these choices

Question 41

In 1860, about what percent of slave owners owned more than 20 slaves?

A) Only about 12 percent.
B) Only about 20 percent.
C) Only about 30 percent.
D) Only about 40 percent.
E) Only about 50 percent.

Question 42

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical slave diet?

A) Slaves usually suffered from malnutrition.
B) They ate better than whites during the summer, but worse during the winter.
C) It was generally unbalanced, but there was plenty of food.
D) It was vegetarian.
E) It was heavy in seafood but low in grains and vegetables.

Question 43

Which of the following was one of the hallmarks of the West African cultures from which many American slaves had originated?

A) Broad kinship ties
B) Loose standards of morality
C) Lack of a work ethic
D) No knowledge of relatives
E) An overriding parent-child bond

Question 44

Where did over half of all free blacks in the Lower South live?

A) In rural areas
B) In cities
C) On plantations
D) In shacks on river banks or near railroad lines
E) In small coastal villages

Question 45

Most runaway slaves

A) escaped to the North on the Underground Railroad.
B) remained in the South.
C) relocated with the help of northern abolitionists.
D) were recaptured and beaten to death.
E) returned to Africa.

Question 46

The complex code of honor that shaped relationships among elite men in the Old South is defined as

A) A belief that a man's personal value depended on how others saw him and that his reputation was his strongest asset
B) A solid sense of self
C) The notion that people behave in a self-disciplined manner, regardless of what others thought
D) A strict adherence to the idea that allegiance to one's race stood above all else
E) The defense of one's beliefs in the face of criticism

Question 47

What made the pine barren people so controversial in the Old South?

A) They formed communities of antislavery activists, hiring only white laborers.
B) As squatters who lived in ramshackle houses, they were cited by northerners as proof that slavery degraded poor whites.
C) They refused to work to support themselves, and instead hunted, gathered and sometimes stole from elite plantations.
D) Their poverty was an embarrassment to the southern planter elite.
E) All of these choices

Question 48

In The Impending Crisis of the South , Hinton Helper argued that

A) popular sovereignty was the solution to the nation's crisis.
B) the South had to secede from the Union.
C) nonslaveholders should abolish slavery in their own interest.
D) the Republican party wanted to enslave the South.
E) the South had to industrialize to survive.

Question 49

Which of the following was one of the few groups in the Old South to reject the dueling, brawling, and drinking of southern society?

A) The people of the pine barrens
B) Plantation mistresses.
C) Evangelical churches
D) State legislatures
E) Lawyers of the Lower South

Question 50

How did the Lower South acquire the slaves it used after 1808?

A) It continued to import slaves from Africa.
B) It bought them from plantation owners in the Caribbean.
C) It established breeding centers in northwestern Georgia.
D) It acquired most of its slaves from the Upper South.
E) It arranged for the passage of Africans as indentured servants and then forced them into slavery.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of plantation life?

A) Once established, a plantation could basically run by itself.
B) Most fixed costs for plantations were quite low.
C) The fact that plantation families seldom moved created a great deal of stability.
D) The suicide rate was twice the rate of Northern factory workers.
E) Psychological strains, frequent moves and chronic debt were the norm for most plantation owners.

Question 52

How did the 1831 Nat Turner rebellion affect the lives of free blacks in the South?

A) Laws that restricted their freedom were tightened.
B) Most southern states passed laws making it a felony to teach blacks to read or write.
C) All southern states passed laws preventing free blacks from entering the state.
D) Arkansas ordered all free blacks to leave.
E) All of these choices

Question 53

What did white southerners think of the idea of slaves working in factories?

A) They saw it as a way to earn extra money, by hiring out their slaves
B) They thought it was a natural extension of their work in cotton plantations
C) They feared that away from plantation supervision, slaves would act like free laborers
D) They didn't think slaves had the skills or intelligence to handle the machinery
E) All of these choices

Question 54

Why was the Tredegar Iron Works significant?

A) It was one of the few, large iron producers in the South.
B) It provided the steel to build the skyscrapers in the north.
C) It employed only free blacks.
D) It was one of the few southern companies that used slaves.
E) It was the first of many iron works that developed in the South in the 1840s.

Question 55

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that nonslaveholding southerners supported the slave system?

A) Some hoped to become slaveholders.
B) They accepted the racist assumptions of slavery.
C) They feared what freed slaves might do.
D) They knew that they were outnumbered and had no choice but to support it
E) They felt that their futures were tied to the survival of the system.

Question 56

Which of the following was one of the Southern reactions to the Nat Turner rebellion?

A) Protestant missionaries intensified their efforts to convert slaves.
B) Laws restricting free blacks were loosened.
C) Leaders in many Southern cities imposed bans on slaves working in the city.
D) There was a wave of bloody revenge attacks orchestrated by members of the K.K.K.
E) State governments passed laws making it illegal for slaves to read the Bible.

Question 57

Why were some slaves allowed to work in towns or cities?

A) Slaveowners needed the extra income.
B) Slaveowners usually did not have enough work for them to do on the plantation.
C) Southern reformers wanted slaves to learn new skills for later in life.
D) Slaveowners believed that it would be a way for slaves to "let off some steam" and would therefore prevent slave uprisings.
E) They were in steady demand to work in ports, on the rivers, and in mining and lumbering.

Question 58

Which of the following was a common form of slave resistance?

A) Armed uprisings
B) Purchasing their freedom
C) Work stoppages and theft
D) Refusal to marry
E) Murder

Question 59

Which of these reflects the opportunities that cities provided for free blacks in the Old South?

A) They could enter a variety of skilled professions, such as carpenters, barbers, or barrel makers.
B) They could form or join their own churches.
C) They could invest in real estate and watch their fortunes grow - even to the point of owning slaves themselves.
D) None of these choices
E) All of these choices

Question 60

Which of the following is an accurate statement about slave uprisings in the antebellum South?

A) They occurred frequently.
B) They were infrequent but usually bloody.
C) There were only three, and only one resulted in white deaths.
D) No slave uprising occurred after 1787.
E) Slaveowners had no fear of them.

Question 61

Compare and contrast the Upper South with the Lower South. In what ways were they similar and different? Why did they possess a basic political unity that was destined to put them in political opposition to the North?

Question 62

What was the religion of the majority of slaves when they were transported from Africa to the United States?

A) Catholic
B) Muslim
C) A variety of native religions
D) Protestant
E) Hindu

Question 63

The North and South during the antebellum period were often seen as two distinct nations, having very little in common. To what extent was that true? Compare the social, economic, and political structures of the two sections. How did northerners and southerners differ over industrialization and education?

Question 64

According to Frederick Douglass, slaves sang most when they were

A) escaping from the plantation.
B) extremely unhappy.
C) very happy.
D) about to be married.
E) about to be sold to a new master.

Question 65

In the eighteenth century Piedmont, how did most planters live?

A) in big mansions
B) in log cabins
C) in homes that they shared with slaves
D) in densely settled areas with neighbors close by
E) None of these choices

Question 66

The Underground Railroad

A) provided an effective way for slaves to escape.
B) was a network that helped slaves to escape.
C) offered slaves the opportunity to leave a plantation for a few days before returning.
D) helped close to 25,000 slaves escape to the North.
E) was largely financed by wealthy southern abolitionists.

Question 67

Describe life for the planter and plantation mistress on a large antebellum plantation. What were the economic challenges that faced the large planters?

Question 68

Explain the southern proslavery argument, and account for why it continued despite abolitionist criticism. Why did southerners increasingly defend slavery as a positive good rather than simply a necessary evil? Why did southern pro-emancipation sentiment decline?

Question 69

What was the status of the black slave family?

A) Children and mothers were kept together.
B) It had no legal status.
C) It was the institution that kept the slave system functioning for many generations.
D) It was the same as that of free white families.
E) Extended families spanning several generations were common.

Question 70

Which of the following is not a reason why the Upper South tended to identify with the Lower South rather than with the North?

A) The settlers in the Lower South had come from the Upper South.
B) Abolitionist criticism drew southerners together.
C) Railroads linked Upper and Lower South.
D) All southerners benefited from the three-fifths compromise in the Constitution.
E) The Upper and Lower South were tied economically.

Question 71

Which of the following was the most interracial institution in the Old South?

A) Grammar school
B) Voluntary organization
C) Church
D) Fraternity
E) College

Question 72

Which of the following is not a reason that music and dance were important to slaves?

A) They allowed slaves to demonstrate religious beliefs.
B) They allowed slaves to lessen the tedium of work.
C) They allowed slaves to express the sorrows of slavery.
D) They allowed slaves to call for deliverance from earthly travails.
E) They allowed slaves to use church music as coded signals to begin an uprising.

Question 73

Which of the following did Southern evangelical churches generally not oppose?

A) Owning slaves
B) Gambling
C) Dueling
D) Drinking
E) Sin

Question 74

One of the South's chief defenders of slavery, George Fitzhugh, argued that

A) ancient slave societies had produced the world's great intellectuals, such as Plato.
B) northern factory workers labored under harsh, inhumane conditions, whereas southern slaves were well fed and better cared for in comparison.
C) there were slaves in the Bible.
D) attacks on slavery were really attacks on the family - especially the southern family.
E) None of these choices

Question 75

Who was the famous American who, as a slave, borrowed sailor's papers and escaped from Baltimore to New York City in 1838?

A) Frederick Douglass
B) Gabriel Prosser
C) Hinton Helter
D) Fitzhugh Pidgin
E) Denmark Vesey

Question 76

What fact of life was the greatest source of sorrow for plantation wives?

A) farm life was difficult and harsh
B) the loss of their children to malaria and other diseases that plagued the plantation South
C) their husbands' sexual relationships with slave women
D) that many were opposed to slavery but were powerless to stop it
E) All of these choices

Question 77

Explore why the Southern slave population grew so dramatically in the antebellum period. Where did most slaves come from? How important were diet and life expectancy to the growth in the number of slaves?

Question 78

Analyze how slaves attempted to deal with slavery. What gave slaves hope? How important were religion and family life to slaves? How did slaves attempt to shape their own culture? How did slaves attempt to resist?

Question 79

Compare and contrast the four major southern white social groups in terms of economic goals, attitudes toward slavery, and political aspirations.

Question 80

What role did Native Americans play in slave escapes?

A) They helped hide runaway slaves from masters.
B) They played no role, preferring to minimize their relationships with white society.
C) They often captured runaways so they could claim a reward.
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices