Deck 13: Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Overland trails

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Stephen F. Austin

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Lyman Beecher's, A Plea for the West , Maria Monk's Awful Disclosures

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Santa Fe Trail

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
The Alamo

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Commonwealth v. Hunt

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
José Antonio Navarro

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
German immigrants

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Great Famine

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Donner Party

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Irish immigrants

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Brigham Young

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Californios

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Know-Nothing (American) Party

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
John Tyler

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Empresarios

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Nativism

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Sam Houston

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Zachary Taylor

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Wilmot Proviso

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Henry Clay

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Oregon Boundary Dispute

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Tejano

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Samuel F. B. Morse

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
John L. O'Sullivan, Manifest Destiny

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
California gold rush

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Squatter sovereignty, popular sovereignty

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Mexican-American War

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Stephen Kearny, John C. Frémont

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Winfield Scott

Question 33

What was the main reason most European immigrants came to the United States between 1815 and 1860?

A) Religious freedom
B) Reform urges
C) Economic advancement
D) Political freedom
E) European military upheavals

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
James K. Polk

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Free-Soil Party

Question 36

In 1860 what groups accounted for three-fourths of all foreign-born Americans?

A) Irish and Germans
B) Irish and English
C) Germans and Dutch
D) Russians and Italians
E) Swiss and Norwegians

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
San Francisco

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Annexation of Texas

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Battle of Buena Vista

Question 41

Along the overland trail, how did the duties of men and women compare?

A) Women drove the wagons, and men packed and unpacked them.
B) Men milked the cows, and women helped in standing guard against Indian raids.
C) Most women packed and unpacked the wagons in addition to performing their traditional duties.
D) Men and women shared all duties equally.
E) All of these choices

Question 42

Which of the following did the Whig political program in 1840 include?

A) A low protective tariff
B) Passage of an independent treasury act
C) Annexation of Texas
D) Government-financed internal improvements
E) Abolition of slavery

Question 43

Which of the following was not one of the responses of American workers to the economic difficulties of the 1830s and 1840s?

A) They attacked Irish Catholic immigrants.
B) They struck for wage increases.
C) They established rural republican townships.
D) They attempted to form labor unions.
E) They joined forces to buy factories and run them as cooperative, employee-owned companies.

Question 44

Which statement accurately describes travel to Oregon or California on the overland trails during the 1840s?

A) The route was well mapped out and well surveyed.
B) By this period the route detoured around any formidable barriers.
C) Indian massacres wiped out a high percentage of all emigrants.
D) Emigrant families traveled alone in single wagons so that they would not be slowed by the needs of other families.
E) Emigrants cooperated closely with each other and traveled in huge wagon trains.

Question 45

In the 1820s, what were "California bank-notes"?

A) Gold coins
B) Cattle hides
C) Letters of credit
D) Silver dust
E) Mexican silver pesos

Question 46

In the 1820s and 1830s, what kind of relationship did Americans have with the people of the Far West?

A) It was marred by nativist harassment of Catholic Mexicans.
B) There was a general lack of interest and lack of contact.
C) Contact was limited to traders and trappers, but that interaction was beneficial to both Americans and Mexicans
D) There was regular contact with westerners who returned East with great wealth.
E) There was frequent contact that resulted in border clashes.

Question 47

The Battle of the Alamo

A) represented the last time that Mexico aggressively attacked the United States.
B) provided a rallying point for Texans in their struggles against Mexico.
C) was a decisive victory by Texas against the Mexican army.
D) forced Mexico to grant Texas its independence.
E) enabled Mexico to stop the attempt by Texas to become independent.

Question 48

In the 1820s, Mexico attempted to attract American settlers to Texas by

A) promising to make Texas a Protestant state.
B) providing generous land grants to recruiting agents.
C) introducing a viable economic commodity in long horn cattle.
D) forcing Native Americans to leave Texas for New Mexico.
E) offering any settler $1,000 and 200 acres of land.

Question 49

What pushed the Irish to leave their homeland in the 1840s and 1850s and come to the United States?

A) Stories and letters from relatives who had made it big in the U.S.
B) A potato famine which left many people starving and hopeless
C) Intolerance and persecution by the British for their Catholicism
D) Promises by agents from U.S. factories that good jobs awaited them in the U.S.
E) The quest for greater educational opportunities for their children

Question 50

In Commonwealth v. Hunt , the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that

A) labor unions could be banned from companies because they interfered with corporate goals and policies.
B) labor unions were not illegal combinations or monopolies that restrained trade.
C) Massachusetts tax money could not be used to support an unjust war against Mexico.
D) segregated schools for blacks in Massachusetts did not violate the U.S. Constitution.
E) political refugees had no right to vote in state elections.

Question 51

Which of the factors was not a basis for the anti-Catholic sentiment in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s?

A) The perception that Catholic immigrants' took jobs away from native workers.
B) There were reports of Catholic conspiracies to take over the country.
C) Many native-born Americans' identified the Irish with radical abolitionist activity.
D) There were tales of torture and immorality within Catholic convents.
E) There was a strong anti-Catholic impulse among American Protestants since the early Puritan days.

Question 52

Which statement best describes the Germans who came to the United States before 1860?

A) They were largely of urban working-class background.
B) They were mainly Catholics drawn from the poorer classes.
C) They were diverse, hardworking, and clannish.
D) They were generally poor Jewish intellectuals.
E) They were largely free-thinking radicals and political refugees.

Question 53

Which of the following was not one of the causes of increasingly tense relations between the Mexican government and the American residents in Texas after 1830?

A) The instability of Mexican politics
B) Attempts by the Mexican government to prohibit importation of slaves
C) The failure of the Mexican government to pay $2 million in debts owed to American citizens.
D) The bitter memories that American residents held of the Alamo and the Goliad massacre.
E) The desire of the Mexican government to sell Texas to the United States.

Question 54

Great Britain and the United States almost went to a war between in the 1840s because of a dispute over

A) trade along the St. Lawrence Waterway.
B) fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland.
C) which country had the rightful claim to gold in Alaska.
D) claims to Oregon territory.
E) whether Great Britain should help Mexico grow cotton.

Question 55

How much did the United States increase its land size by during President James K. Polk's administration?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent
E) 50 percent

Question 56

Why was John Tyler's ascendancy to the presidency a disaster for the Whig party?

A) He was a former Democrat.
B) He was a states' rights advocate.
C) He vetoed a bill to create a new national bank.
D) He vetoed bills that would postpone reducing the tariff.
E) All of these choices

Question 57

Which of the following is not one of the accomplishments of José Antonio Navarro?

A) He signed Texas' declaration of independence from Mexico.
B) He was a member of the Republic of Texas' Congress.
C) He helped write the Texas state constitution.
D) He was the first president of the Republic of Texas.
E) He allied with Stephen Austin to get Americans to settle in Texas and transform it.

Question 58

What did the Indians whom white emigrants encountered along the overland trail commonly do?

A) They attacked the emigrants.
B) They cooperated with the emigrants.
C) They forced the emigrants into slavery.
D) They demanded alcohol before letting the emigrants pass.
E) They stole from emigrant wagon trains.

Question 59

Which of the following was one of the reasons why some antislavery northerners believed there was a southern conspiracy to extend slavery into the Southwest?

A) Texas was being settled by German, pro-slavery immigrants.
B) Abolitionists had uncovered a plot by southerners to invade Mexico and reinstitute slavery.
C) Slaveholder Andrew Jackson had accepted southern participation in the Battle of the Alamo.
D) There was southern talk of creating an independent nation out of the Texas Territory.
E) President Tyler, a states' rights Democrat from Virginia, maneuvered to arrange the annexation of Texas.

Question 60

Which one of the following was not one of the results of the California gold rush?

A) Its population increased dramatically.
B) Slaves, free blacks, Indians, Chinese, and Anglos eagerly joined together in the gold fields.
C) The issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession was pushed to the forefront of national politics.
D) The sleepy town of Yerba Buena became a city of 50,000.
E) Minters from all over the world descended upon California.

Question 61

Which of these is not a true statement about the Wilmot Proviso?

A) It stipulated that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired in the war with Mexico.
B) It was designed to hold Polk to what many perceived as an understanding: Texas would be for slaveholders; California and New Mexico for free labor.
C) It was strongly supported by southern Democrats.
D) It exposed deep sectional divisions that Americans had been previously able to overlook.
E) It passed in the House but not in the Senate and never became law.

Question 62

In the Mexican-American War, the Mexican armies

A) collapsed instantly in the face of a massive American offensive.
B) were able to hold off the American advance for nine months because they had four times as many troops as the Americans.
C) fought bravely and stubbornly, but unsuccessfully.
D) after being reinforced by French troops, were slaughtered at the Battle of Chapultepec.
E) offered little resistance, because most Mexican soldiers were hired mercenaries.

Question 63

From the point of view of the Whig party in 1848, why was Zachary Taylor an ideal candidate for president?

A) He was a Louisiana slaveholder and would therefore appeal to the South.
B) He would have broad national appeal because he was a Mexican-American War hero.
C) He had no connection to Clay's American System, which the party was trying to abandon.
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices

Question 64

What military leader in the Mexican-American War became a national hero and eventually president?

A) Zachary Taylor
B) Winfield Scott
C) James K. Polk
D) John C. Frémont
E) John D. Sloat

Question 65

According to the doctrine of "popular sovereignty, or "squatter sovereignty,"

A) residents of a territory should be allowed to decide whether or not to permit slavery.
B) territories should extend the right to vote to all male settlers in the Far West.
C) territories should have the right to expand their territory.
D) the United States should rule Mexico directly.
E) native Indian peoples had a right to hold on to the lands they were already cultivating.

Question 66

In the 1840s, which of the following groups was not likely to support territorial expansion?

A) Irish immigrants
B) Members of the Whig party
C) Poor urban laborers
D) Land speculators
E) Southern slaveholders

Question 67

According to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,

A) the United States assumed the claims of American citizens' against the Mexican government.
B) Mexico agreed to cede Texas and California, but was allowed to lease New Mexico for twenty-five years.
C) Mexico was to pay an indemnity of $15 million for war damages.
D) Mexico agreed to form a democratic government and execute the leaders who had made war on the U.S.
E) All of these choices

Question 68

Compared to other immigrant women, Irish women were

A) especially adept at farming.
B) likely to marry early.
C) more likely to enter the work force.
D) more likely to keep their daughters out of the work force.
E) None of these choices

Question 69

Samuel Morse revolutionized communication in the 19^th century by

A) making the telephone practical.
B) leading the consortium that developed the steam engine.
C) inventing the telegraph.
D) developing wireless communication technology.
E) introducing railroad mail deliver.

Question 70

In the Mexican-American War, why was the United States victorious in virtually all its encounters with Mexican forces?

A) Santa Anna refused to risk his troops in a direct fight.
B) The United States possessed superior artillery and supplies.
C) American generals employed the new military doctrine of "the static army" and remained in one location, forcing the Mexicans to travel hundreds of miles to encounter them.
D) The American army outnumbered the Mexicans at virtually every battle.
E) President Polk reassigned half of Winfield Scott's forces to General Taylor.

Question 71

Which of the following was not one of the background causes of the Mexican-American War?

A) Mexico had failed to pay $2 million in debts owed to U.S. citizens.
B) Northerners feared that the Mexican government would try to expand northward and extend the slave system.
C) Americans loathed Mexicans.
D) Texans balked at a U.S. attempt at annexation because they feared it would provoke a Mexican invasion and war on Texas soil.
E) Mexicans feared the United States might attempt to seize other provinces from Mexico.

Question 72

What did President James K. Polk want from Mexico in 1845 and 1846?

A) A peaceful agreement similar to the Oregon compromise
B) Mexican recognition of an independent Texas with a southern border at the Nueces River
C) Acquisition from Mexico of California and New Mexico
D) Access to the port of Matamoras
E) All of these choices

Question 73

Why did John C. Calhoun believe that the federal government had no power to prohibit slavery in the Mexican Cession?

A) He said that no federal rules or regulations had ever addressed the issue of slavery in American territories.
B) He believed that free states already had enough territory.
C) He believed that slaves were property, and the Constitution protected the right to property.
D) He said that since slavery had been legal in the territory when it was Mexican, slavery should continue to be legal now.
E) He argued that the resolution by Congressman David Wilmot had specifically settled the issue.

Question 74

President James K. Polk's objectives in Oregon included

A) a division of the territory at the 49^th parallel.
B) war with Britain to acquire the territory to 54 40'.
C) a division of the territory along the Columbia River
D) swapping British territory in Oregon for French territory in the Caribbean.
E) a peaceful, joint Anglo-American occupation of the territory.

Question 75

Who led the Texas army that defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto?

A) Jim Bowie
B) Davy Crockett
C) Sam Houston
D) Stephen F. Austin
E) Henry Dallas

Question 76

Who argued that Catholics had a plan to send immigrants to the West to dominate that region?

A) Lyman Beecher
B) Frederick Douglass
C) Sam Houston
D) Stephen F. Austin
E) Lucretia Mott

Question 77

In the United States, which of the following was not a reason for opposition to the Mexican-American War?

A) Mexico's army was four times the size of American forces and would therefore be unbeatable.
B) The war was being fought over territory that the United States had never claimed.
C) The president had undercut congressional authority by announcing that the war already existed.
D) A mere border incident was being used as an excuse to provoke a war to acquire more slave territory.
E) The president was precipitating the nation into a fathomless abyss of crime and calamity.

Question 78

"Manifest Destiny" is the belief that the United States had

A) a God-given right to exist as a nation
B) a mission to spread American ideals across the continent
C) a destiny to conquer the world
D) an opportunity to replace greed with benevolence
E) to be willing to serve as a mediator between warring countries

Question 79

What was one reason that "dark horse" James K. Polk won the presidency in 1844?

A) Polk came out strongly against a protective tariff.
B) The Whig party appeared to be the party of immigration and alcohol.
C) Polk convinced many northerners that the annexation of Texas would be in their best interest.
D) He received an overwhelming popular vote.
E) His running mate was a leading temperance crusader.

Question 80

Which of the following is an accurate statement about San Francisco during the gold rush?

A) There were approximately six times as many females as males in San Francisco.
B) Italians comprised the largest group of foreign-born residents of San Francisco.
C) Because of the need for menial labor, the city's black population was proportionally large.
D) Chinese immigrants took over most of the city's political positions.
E) Ethnic and racial tensions were high.