Deck 6: Issues Related to Assessment With Diverse Populations

Question 1

The Standards for Multicultural Assessment is a resource that:

A)guides construction of culture-fair testing for counselors in school settings.
B)is a compilation of standards related to multicultural assessment gathered from other sources.
C)sets the legal standard for the administration of tests with multicultural clients.
D)is equivalent to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Helms et al. (2005)assert that rather than using race to categorize assessment results, the construct of _________________ is more effective in explaining significant differences in assessment of cognitive abilities and other areas of psychological assessment.

A)cultural preference
B)racial identity
C)gender identity
D)worldview

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In evaluating an instrument for content bias, practitioners need to:

A)give the instrument to different groups and compare their performance.
B)examine the development procedures and steps taken to control for group differences.
C)examine the validity coefficients for different ethnic groups.
D)analyze the content of the instruments themselves to see if there are any problems.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With regard to fairness in assessment, Helms (2006)suggest that when interpreting test scores, counselors should consider the client's:

A)level of intelligence.
B)past experience with psychological testing and psychotherapy.
C)family history and presence of significant life stressors.
D)psychological characteristics and internalized racial or cultural experiences.

Question 5

Postmodernists suggest that ____________ has a pervasive influence affecting perceptions of reality, and should be considered in all assessment techniques.

A)language
B)persistence
C)motivation
D)self-esteem

Question 6

The degree to which construct-irrelevant factors systematically affect a group's performance is called:

A)differential item functioning.
B)bias testing.
C)criterion bias.
D)selective discrimination.

Question 7

If an instrument has slope bias , then the instrument would:

A)predict differently for different groups.
B)be biased for one group but not the other.
C)predict the same criterion performance for everyone.
D)have different intercepts.

Question 8

If a counselor is using an instrument that has subscales with an African-American client, the counselor should examine whether the __________ of the instrument has been examined with an African-American sample.

A)variance
B)incremental validity
C)predictability
D)factor structure

Question 9

A method for analyzing the relative difficulty of individual items for different racial or ethnic groups is __________.

A)Differential Item Functioning
B)Intercept Bias
C)Internal Structure Analysis
D)Item Discrimination Index

Question 10

Individuals from different cultures can vary greatly in their perceptions due to their ____________, which includes group identity, individual identity, beliefs, values, and language.

A)cognitive schema
B)genetic background
C)worldview
D)personality

Question 11

In examining an instrument for possible bias, the counselor should examine the internal structure of the instrument and determine if:

A)there are group differences on the criterion.
B)the reliability coefficients are different for different groups.
C)the norming group is appropriate for use with certain clients.
D)experts have reviewed the instrument for possible bias.

Question 12

_________________ refers to a dynamic process of change and adaptation, wherein a person retains parts of his/her culture of origin while simultaneously adapting to the new or host culture.

A)Adaptation
B)Acculturation
C)Acclimation
D)Accomodation

Question 13

In the past, the field of assessment attempted to develop __________ instruments, but found this impossible and has focused on developing culture-fair instruments.

A)culture-equivalent
B)culture-free
C)culture-parallel
D)culture-valid

Question 14

Substantial research suggests that minority students tend to be __________________ in special education.

A)underrepresented
B)equally represented
C)misrepresented
D)overrepresented

Question 15

A counselor who is assessing a client not represented in the instrument's norming group should:

A)only proceed if the instrument has high reliability and validity.
B)proceed if there are individuals somewhat similar to the client in the norming group.
C)carefully consider how the information is going to be used and interpret the results very cautiously.
D)never use any instruments unless the client's cultural background is highly represented.

Question 16

Almost all counselors can expect to be increasingly involved with the assessment of clients with:

A)different cultural backgrounds.
B)motor disabilities.
C)cognitive impairments.
D)personality disorders.

Question 17

When administering instruments that have been translated to another language with non-native English-speaking clients, the counselor should:

A)find someone who can translate the instrument into the client's native language.
B)give the instrument to the client with instructions to ask questions about anything confusing.
C)read the manual to find out what modifications should be made, and what research supports these modifications.
D)find someone who speaks the client's native language and have him or her give the instrument orally.

Question 18

A counselor who takes into consideration the role of culture in the manifestation of a possible disorder is operating from a(n)_______________ approach to assessment.

A)etic
B)emic
C)universalist
D)ethnocentric

Question 19

If the intercept for an instrument that predicted college performance was higher for the majority group than the minority group, then the instrument would:

A)under predict minority group members' performance.
B)over predict minority group members' performance.
C)predict the same for majority and minority individuals.
D)have reliability problems for the minority group.

Question 20

If an instrument is found to have content that is more familiar to one ethnic group as compared to another, then that instrument would have __________ bias.

A)intercept
B)group
C)content
D)criterion

Question 21

A commonly used method to assess intelligence for clients with severe motor disabilities is to use:

A)a picture vocabulary test.
B)a number of performance tests.
C)aptitude assessments with special norms.
D)an adaptive behavior scale.

Question 22

Helms and Ekstrom (2002)report that counselors often have multiple roles with individuals with disabilities.  What do you think some of these roles might be, and how would a counselor go about fulfilling them?

Question 23

Neuropsychological assessment concerns appraisal of the:

A)cognitive development of the individual.
B)behavioral effects of possible brain trauma.
C)deficit in information processing and memory.
D)central nervous system dysfunctions.

Question 24

How does the increased number of clients from different backgrounds impact practitioners who conduct assessment?

Question 25

In counseling a client with a hearing disability, the counselor needs to:

A)have the client read the questions typically asked in an intake interview.
B)consider the magnitude and the age of onset of the loss in any assessment.
C)enlist the help of someone who knows sign language to serve as an interpreter.
D)pantomime the interview questions to the client with the hearing deficit.

Question 26

Would you be able to explain your personal worldview to another person?  What would be easy and/or difficult about this?

Question 27

If a client has a visual impairment, the counselor should:

A)read the instrument to the client.
B)find a  reader with a monotone voice.
C)have the instrument translated into Braille.
D)see if there are procedures for adapting the instrument.

Question 28

Stobart (2005)contends that large-scale achievement testing should be used to identify the sociocultural inequities in the U.S. educational system, and to examine the opportunities to learn for students with poor performance. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Is this possible? In what ways is this already being done?

Question 29

Are there situations in which either the emic or epic approach might present a barrier in working with certain clients? How so?

Question 30

A potential complication in identifying mental health issues in older individuals is that:

A)they are less likely to openly share information about their mental health with counselors.
B)they are less likely to seek help from counselors and their mental health issues may be overlooked.
C)there are typically many other health concerns that take precedence over addressing mental health.
D)some mental health issues may have a unique presentation in older individuals, and may be difficult to distinguish from cognitive impairment.