Deck 19: Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Indoor plumbing

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Jacob Riis

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Scott Joplin

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Victorian morality

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Ellis Island

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Research University

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Anthony Comstock, Moral Purity Campaign

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Salvation Army

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Tenements

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Catherine Beecher, The American Woman's Home

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Department Stores

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Pull factors, Push factors

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
New Immigrants

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Kate Chopin

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
C ult of domesticity

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Middle-class city dwellers

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Social Gospel movement, Washington Gladden, Walter Rauschenbusch

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Josephine Shaw Lowell, New York Charity Organization Society

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Andrew D. White, Charles W. Eliot

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Ragtime

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Thorstein Veblen

Question 23

Who were the "new immigrants" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920?

A) Scandinavians and Germans
B) Irish
C) English, Scottish, and Welsh
D) Chinese and Koreans
E) Southern and eastern Europeans

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Florence Kelley

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Jane Addams and Hull House, Settlement House Movement

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Mark Twain

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Vaudeville, blackface

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Saloons

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Modernism, Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
John L. Sullivan

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Professional Sports

Question 33

In her work against drinking for the Women's Christian Temperance Union, Frances Willard

A) headed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that pursued various reform issues.
B) became the first woman to run for president.
C) campaigned on behalf of Christianity being declared the state religion of the United States.
D) fought against racial discrimination but supported gender segregation.
E) chaired the National Woman's Suffrage Party and fought for a woman's right to vote.

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Genteel tradition

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Coney Island

Question 36

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities?

A) They were seeking husbands.
B) Farming was increasingly male work due to mechanization.
C) They were fleeing their strict upbringings for the freedom of the cities.
D) Greater availability of beer in rural areas had led to more wife-beating by husbands.
E) They were turning their backs on a way of life that demanded their labor for subsistence tasks.

Question 37

In 1890, approximately what portion of the population of greater New York had been born abroad or were children of foreign parents?

A) One out of five
B) Almost one-third
C) Approximately one-half
D) Four out of five
E) Five percent

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
William Torrey Harris, Joseph Mayer Rice

Question 39

What is the difference between tenements and ghettos?

A) Tenements were homes where three or four families would live together; ghettos were neighborhoods where tenements were located.
B) Tenements were apartment buildings where immigrants clustered; ghettos occurred when residents of tenements were prevented by law or social pressure from renting somewhere else.
C) Tenements were overcrowded apartment buildings with few services; ghettos were neighborhoods where blacks lived.
D) Tenements were community centers where settlement workers provided services to t he urban poor; ghettos were the neighborhoods where the urban poor lived.
E) All of these choices

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Frances Willard and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union

Question 41

Which of the following is not an example of the impact of the department store?

A) It overcame middle- and upper-class reluctance to spend.
B) It made shopping an adventure.
C) It functioned as a kind of social club and home away from home for comfortably fixed women.
D) It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually.
E) It set the standard for consumption.

Question 42

According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football

A) epitomized American democratic ideals, because all Americans played or watched the game.
B) was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.
C) was a safe sport that the nation's future business and professional leaders could undertake without fear of injury.
D) would teach students the military discipline and skills necessary as the U.S. became a world power.

Question 43

Who was known as the king of ragtime?

A) Elvis Presley
B) George Gershwin
C) Scott Joplin
D) Daniel Devito
E) John Sullivan

Question 44

Which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw about the ways in which immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society?

A) Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.
B) Immigrants had little desire to become Americanized.
C) Immigrants came to the United States to try to become like Americans.
D) Immigrants were ashamed of their native culture.
E) The dominant American culture made assimilation impossible.

Question 45

Why was the development of the flush toilet and indoor plumbing so significant?

A) It helped fight the many diseases that flourish in polluted waters.
B) It reduced the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
C) It forced Americans to learn how to conserve water.
D) It increased the attraction of America to immigrants.
E) It limited the spread of malaria.

Question 46

Which statement best represents urban residential patterns among ethnic groups?

A) Immigrants preferred to mix with the general population in order to assimilate more quickly into American culture.
B) Immigrants tended to live in shabby tenements until they could afford better housing.
C) Religion was the primary factor in ethnic residential patterns because immigrants congregated around their churches.
D) Common language was the primary factor in ethnic residential patterns, regardless of national origin.
E) Immigrants tried to blot out their memories of the Old Country by living among different kinds of people.

Question 47

What was the key to Hull House's success in its anti-poverty mission?

A) Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced.
B) A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control.
C) Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery.
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices

Question 48

During the 1880s and 1890s, which new obligation was added to the traditional middle-class woman's role as director of the household?

A) She had to cultivate her special maternal gifts, especially her sensitivity toward children and her aptitude for religion.
B) She had to seek outlets for her creative energies outside the home.
C) She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement.
D) She had to foster a home environment which would encourage her husband to share both his breadwinning duties and her homemaking duties
E) She had to be the moral beacon shining light across a sea of male decadence

Question 49

What was the importance of "culture" for American Victorians?

A) It helped to separate the lower classes from the respectable middle classes.
B) It was agency vehicle for social uplift that could help those Americans aspiring to middle-class status.
C) It was a code word for decadence, they believed, because art museums were repositories of immoral works.
D) It was a derogatory term generally used to describe the lower classes' cheap copies of famous paintings.
E) It represented European life and was therefore considered un-American.

Question 50

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

A) It helped poor immigrants settle on western homesteads to relieve urban overcrowding.
B) It helped the urban poor purchase their own homes because of the belief that owning private property leads to the adoption of middle-class values.
C) It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.
D) It was not being concerned about the urban poor's propensity for drinking and gambling.
E) It tried to keep immigrants "settled" indoors until they could behave like Americans.

Question 51

Why did the New York campaigns against vice (gambling, prostitution, saloons) ultimately fail?

A) They could not recruit enough volunteers.
B) Members of anti-vice organizations divided over strategy.
C) The city's population was too large and ethnically diverse for reformers to curb all the illegal activities.
D) They lacked the funds needed to mount a successful campaign.
E) All of these choices

Question 52

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19^th century.

A) While Atlantic seaboard cities like New York and Boston grew dramatically, interior cities like Cincinnati did not.
B) The population of American cities grew on average 25 percent between the Civil War and 1900.
C) Urban areas remained about the same size as people tried to stay in more rural communities.
D) Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent.
E) City managers carefully planned and monitored urban growth before 1900.

Question 53

During the late nineteenth century, the working-class saloon was not

A) the center for immigrant politics.
B) a meeting place for husbands and wives.
C) a place to escape the socially isolating routines of the factory.
D) a location for ethnic groups to reinforce their identities.
E) a place for a free lunch.

Question 54

The Salvation Army was

A) a branch of the military formed to clean up the slums.
B) organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, temporary employment and morality to poor immigrant families.
C) a social-welfare organization based on new ideas of gently persuading the urban poor to adopt middle-class values.
D) organized by urban immigrants to police their own ghettos and improve living conditions.
E) formed to employ military tactics to force poor immigrants out of respectable middle class neighborhoods.

Question 55

How were the new research universities of the late 19^th century different from earlier colleges?

A) They stressed the importance of teaching the classical subjects like Latin and Greek.
B) They focused on teaching science and math.
C) They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research.
D) They made conscientious efforts to have both male and female students.
E) They included health-related courses like physical education and sex education.

Question 56

The Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association were formed mainly to

A) assist rural young men and women who migrated to the city.
B) help youngsters migrate west.
C) convert Jewish immigrants.
D) convert Indians.
E) prevent young people from attending performances of ragtime music.

Question 57

Who argued in The American Woman's Home that those of "good breeding" should avoid "reaching over another person's plate; ...using the table-cloth instead of napkins; ...and picking the teeth at the table"?

A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
B) Jane Addams
C) Catharine Beecher
D) Susan B. Anthony
E) Abigail Allen

Question 58

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century?

A) Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited.
B) Working-class Americans viewed leisure activity as a method of rising to middle-class status.
C) American employers were increasingly emphasizing leisure and relaxation as a method of keeping their work force happy and healthy.
D) Leisure-time activities brought Americans of all ethnicities together and therefore contributed to a process of Americanization that most workers desired.
E) Factory workers were working shorter days and weeks and had more time to play.

Question 59

What was the goal of William S. Rainford's institutional church movement?

A) To seek new Episcopal congregants among inner city immigrant groups.
B) To combat social ills such as prostitution, crime and excessive alcohol consumption.
C) To establish a new Christian denomination for Irish immigrants.
D) To insist that downtown churches provide social services to immigrants such as recreational facilities and industrial training programs.
E) To improve racial and ethnic relations in the growing inner city.

Question 60

What major change took place during the late nineteenth century in the teaching of medicine, architecture, engineering, and law?

A) College faculties were purged of anyone who was not a native-born American.
B) Colleges refused to train these professionals because the American public had demonstrated strong prejudice against them.
C) Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.
D) State boards of education agreed that training for such professions would best be accomplished at European universities.
E) Admissions standards dropped as the professions tried to compete with the higher-paying business world.

Question 61

How did immigration patterns change in the late 19^th century? Why were these changes significant to the development of American cities and culture?

Question 62

Which of the following statements best expresses the experiences of newly arrived immigrants going through U.S. Customs?

A) They were directed toward agents of restaurants, factories and other businesses seeking workers.
B) They were required to pay a bribe if they wanted to gain admittance to America.
C) They were inspected for diseases and sometimes had their names changed by customs inspectors.
D) They were sent to Ellis Island to await processing.
E) All of these choices

Question 63

In the late 19^th century, John L. Sullivan represented America's love affair with

A) boxing.
B) cycling.
C) football.
D) basketball.
E) racing.

Question 64

For a late-nineteenth-century unmarried working-class woman, why did amusement parks exert a powerful lure?

A) They offered opportunities to supplement meager wages through evening or weekend employment.
B) They provided opportunities for the entire family to have a wholesome outing.
C) They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps.
D) They had employment bureaus where factory owners recruited for high-paying jobs.
E) They were places to buy bagels, baked potatoes, soda, and other foods and drinks not otherwise available.

Question 65

Economist Thorstein Veblen used the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe

A) Women's frivolous purchases at the new department stores
B) The excessive materialism of the wealthy and the widening gap between workers and the wealthy
C) The themes of some of the new popular literature
D) The rise of vaudeville and new forms of leisure
E) All of these choices

Question 66

Which of the following is not evidence that public education in the late-nineteenth-century United States had become entangled in ethnic and class differences?

A) The proliferation of private and parochial schools
B) The controversy over compulsory education
C) The debates over classroom decorum
D) The efforts to wrest control of schools from neighborhood leaders
E) New educational theories that stressed decentralized administration, repealed compulsory attendance, and de-emphasized white European conventions such as punctuality.

Question 67

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

A) They could rebel against the fundamental assumptions of middle-class family structure and the woman's role within the family itself.
B) They could undercut the very club movement that they professed to favor.
C) They could use a fad such as bicycling without corsets as the symbol of liberation from patriarchy.
D) That activists could use the cult of domesticity's celebration of women's domestic roles and unique moral virtues as a rationale for their efforts to improve society.
E) All of these choices

Question 68

What form of theatrical entertainment drew the largest audiences in late-nineteenth-century America?

A) Vaudeville
B) Opera
C) Shakespearean comedy
D) Burlesque
E) Brass band concerts

Question 69

What is the significance of the book Sister Carrie ?

A) It was a best-seller among elite, educated Victorian readers who loved its moral about the consequences of prostitution.
B) It broke with traditional, genteel literary styles to offer a gritty story of an innocent and attractive Wisconsin girl who is seduced by a traveling salesman, moves in with the married proprietor of a fancy saloon, and eventually pursues a theater career.
C) It was Mark Twain's first book addressing the problems of urbanization.
D) Its story of interracial love marked a departure from traditional sentimental novels.
E) None of these choices

Question 70

Compare the responsibilities of women in southern black families, poor white Midwestern farm families, urban working-class families, and middle-class families. Explain the "cult of domesticity." How did middle-class expectations about women's role within the home change during the last half of the nineteenth century?

Question 71

In the late 1800s, education reformers such as William Torrey Harris advocated

A) that the number of years children spend in school should be increased.
B) that teachers instill in students a sense of order and self-discipline.
C) that schools serve as models of precise schedules and punctuality to teach children how to become good factory workers.
D) All of these choices
E) None of these choices

Question 72

Compare the late-nineteenth-century working-class and middle-class family in terms of changing approaches to "getting ahead"; economic responsibilities of family members; and attitudes toward leisure, amusement, culture, and education.

Question 73

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that ragtime quickly become a national craze during the 1890s, especially among the working class?

A) The music displayed a fresh originality.
B) It was considered to have catchy, freer and complex rhythms.
C) It originated in brothels and was associated with blacks.
D) It was played strictly for entertainment.
E) Listening to it was considered a good route to middle class respectability.

Question 74

Analyze the American education system in the late 19^th century. How much education did the typical child receive? What problems did the education system still face? What important changes began to occur, especially at the university level?

Question 75

Which of the following is not an indicator of women's changing relationship to men during the last decades of the nineteenth century?

A) The rise of bicycling as a popular activity among young women
B) The growing popularity of catalog and department stores
C) The substantial rise in the divorce rate in these years
D) The new themes found in novels by women writers
E) The growth of coeducational private colleges and public universities

Question 76

Modernist architects like Frank Lloyd Wright believed that

A) Buildings could be works of art.
B) A building's form should follow its function.
C) The past should be the primary inspiration for building designs.
D) Europe served as a good starting point for their designs.
E) All of these choices

Question 77

Josephine Shaw Lowell and the New York Charity Organization Society wanted

A) the federal government to take responsibility for providing for the urban poor.
B) their aid recipients to move towards self-sufficiency.
C) all aid to the urban poor to be administered through their organization.
D) all aid to the indigent should be eliminated.
E) charity to be provided in a discreet way that avoided drawing attention to those who were receiving the aid.

Question 78

Where was baseball the most popular?

A) in the north because the integrated nature of baseball bothered many southerners.
B) in rural areas as people living in the country could best relate to the slow pace of the game.
C) in urban areas with large working-class populations.
D) in cities where the stadium was placed in middle-class neighborhoods.
E) in cities with large numbers of young adults.

Question 79

Which of the following ideas was not part of the central philosophy of Walter Rauschenbusch?

A) He believed a truly Christian society would unite all churches.
B) He wanted to reorganize the industrial system.
C) He believed Christians should strive for world peace.
D) He believed that the nation's urban woes needed to be addressed.
E) He believed that if working class Americans had a shorter work week, they would be motivated to be more religious.

Question 80

Compare the approaches of the following social-welfare organizations or initiatives to urban problems: the Young Men's Christian Association, the Salvation Army, the New York Charity Organization Society, the institutional church movement, and Hull House. What were their various goals and methods? How successful were these groups?