Deck 22: Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Macartney mission

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What factors in Chinese culture contributed to China's reluctance to industrialize during the nineteenth century?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Was the Opium War a turning point in Chinese history? Why and/or why not?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Why was Japan more open and pragmatic in its contact with Western nations than China during the nineteenth century?

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Lin Zexu

Question 6

How would you appraise the nature of the Meiji Restoration? Was it, on balance, more innovative or more conservative? Why? Was it truly "from above"?

Question 7

What was the impact of Western ideas on Japanese culture? Give examples. Was this one directional, or did Japan influence Western culture as well? If so, how?

Question 8

Why was it that Japan, rather than other South Asian, Southeast Asian, or East Asian states, made the successful transition to a modern nation?

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Qianlong

Question 10

How did contact with western cultures and norms affect the roles and position of women in China and Japan? Illustrate your argument with concrete examples.

Question 11

What possible reasons might explain why there was no equivalent to the Meiji Restoration in China?

Question 12

What was the significance of the Sino-Japanese War for China? For Japan? Why? Was its impact of lesser or greater importance than the later Russo-Japanese War? Why?

Question 13

Was the Meiji Restoration truly a "revolution from above"? If so, why? If not, why not?

Question 14

What were the major reasons for the fall of the Qing Dynasty? Were foreign or domestic factors more important in bringing it about? Why?

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Qing/Manchus

Question 16

Sun Yat-sen is often claimed to be the father of modern China. Is this designation accurate? Why and/or why not?

Question 17

How did the Meiji Restoration change politics in Japan? Did it create a more modern, representative and stable governmental structure in Japan? Why or why not?

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
opium trade and Opium War

Question 19

Discuss the successes and failures of China's policy of "East for Essence, West for Practical Use." Was it at all comparable to the policies of Japan's Meiji Restoration and its aftermath? Why and/or why not?

Question 20

At what point did the fall of the Qing/Manchus become inevitable? Why then?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Shandong peninsula

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sun Yat-sen

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"gentlemen's agreement"

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Revolutionary Alliance/Tongmenghui

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"self-strengthening"

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Empress Dowager Cixi

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Kang Youwei, Guangxu and the One Hundred Days of Reform

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Hong Xiuquan and the "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace"

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Open Door Notes

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Revolution of 1911

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Treaty of Nanjing

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
extraterritoriality

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Henry Puyi

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
spheres of influence

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Yuan Shikai

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Wang Tao v. Zhang Zhidong

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"East for Essence, West for Practical Use"

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Boxer Rebellion

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Hong Kong

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Treaty of Tianjin

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
three people's principles

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
genro

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Commodore Matthew C. Perry

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Edo/Tokyo

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Meiji Constitution of 1890

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
three obediences

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sino-Japanese War

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Satsuma and Choshu

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
sakoku

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Tokugawa shogunate

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Meiji Restoration

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Treaty of Kanagawa

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Treaty of Shimonoseki

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"dancing cabinet"

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ryukyu Islands

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
foot binding

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Charter Oath of 1868

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Sat-Cho" alliance

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
kokutai

Question 61

Historians now believe that the Qing Dynasty declined due to

A) discreet Japanese economic pressure.
B) intense pressure from Western powers.
C) internal changes such as population growth, corruption, and unrest.
D) exposure to foreign diseases.
E) its inability to deal with economic turmoil.

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Tokyo School of Fine Arts

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Japanese gardens and wood-block prints

Question 64

To bring an end to the opium trade, China

A) threatened to declare war on Great Britain.
B) appealed to Queen Elizabeth to end British imports of opium into China.
C) imposed penalties on opium users and arrested dealers.
D) banned all other imported goods from countries that sold opium in China.
E) offered cash incentives to its people to stop using and selling opium.

Question 65

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Trans-Siberian Railway

Question 66

In 1894, the Qing went to war with Japan over

A) Tibet.
B) Korea.
C) Vietnam.
D) Laos.
E) Siberia.

Question 67

Why was the Treaty of Tianjin considered humiliating for the Chinese?

A) It allowed Japan to take over Korea.
B) It made the Chinese opium trade legal.
C) It closed all Chinese ports to foreign trade.
D) It gave the British the Liaodong Peninsula in 1875.
E) It deprived the Russians of any control in northern China.

Question 68

Hong Xiuquan

A) was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
B) was a retired houseboy who became emperor in 1855.
C) was angered by government expenditures to widen and deepen the Grand Canal.
D) supported the Qing during the Taiping Rebellion.
E) received overwhelming and continuous support from the West.

Question 69

In the late nineteenth century, the Qing lost control over its empire due to all of these events EXCEPT

A) Japan defeated China in a war over Korea in the 1890s.
B) the Russians transferred territories north of the Amur River in Siberia to China.
C) the Tibetans revived their local autonomy.
D) the British and the French removed Burma and Vietnam from their traditional relationship to the Manchu court.
E) the Chinese lost Taiwan to Japan.

Question 70

The Treaty of Nanjing included all of the following provisions EXCEPT

A) Hong Kong was transferred to British control.
B) the British agreed to stop exporting opium to China.
C) the British gained the right to begin trading in five Chinese ports.
D) British citizens in China were granted extraterritorial rights.
E) the British were to be paid an indemnity to cover the cost of the Opium War.

Question 71

What accurately characterizes the nature of the Opium War?

A) It was begun, and won, by China.
B) The Chinese began hostilities as the only means available to them to stop the opium trade of the British.
C) Philippine smugglers used the war to monopolize the Chinese opium trade.
D) The British used Chinese objection to opium importation as a pretext to unilaterally invade China and forcibly open it to Western trade.
E) The war was a competitive confrontation between the Western colonialist nations to determine which would be the most successful at flooding China with opium.

Question 72

The Taiping Rebellion

A) began in Tibet, and was "created" by Russia.
B) began in Vietnam and spread only into north China.
C) was crushed by a "blended" army of British, French and United States troops.
D) separated Taiwan from Japanese control.
E) peaked with the rebel capture of the city of Nanjing.

Question 73

The Sino-Japanese War

A) marked the acceptance of Western-style imperialism by China when it took Korea from Japan.
B) began as each country tried to keep the other from taking over Tibet.
C) became a two-power conflict when Russia refused to honor its alliance with Japan.
D) culminated in the Treaty of Harbin, which saw China gain the island of Hokkaido.
E) forced China to cede Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula to Japan.

Question 74

With an aroused concern over the emergence of Japanese imperialist power in 1894, the European powers forced the Japanese to

A) assume responsibility for the Philippine islands.
B) give up the Shandong Peninsula to Russia.
C) give up Canton and also Macao.
D) give up their land in eastern Siberia.
E) return the Liaodong Peninsula to China.

Question 75

The so-called "barren rock" which Great Britain gained as a result of the Opium War was

A) Port Arthur.
B) Shanghai.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Bejing.
E) Nanking.

Question 76

To try to increase trade profits in China, the British

A) seized Taiwan as their first Chinese "colony" in 1827.
B) had Lords Macartney and Amherst successfully negotiate broadened British trading rights with the Chinese.
C) invaded China in 1816 and took control of all south China seaports.
D) shipped large amounts of opium into China at a massive profit.
E) replaced the Chinese imperial government with a pro-Western democratic government.

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sakahlin and the Kurile Islands

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Port Arthur

Question 79

The "spheres of influence"

A) were set up in Korea and Annam to enhance Chinese power in both areas.
B) were first created when the United States gained control of the island of Chusan in 1848.
C) enabled the Manchus to regain their power base in their Manchurian heartland.
D) gave foreign governments and merchants exclusive economic privileges in specific regions of China.
E) in fact, never developed in China but did in Korea.

Question 80

Lord Macartney's trip to Beijing in 1793

A) resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
B) created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
C) was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
D) failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
E) succeeded in obtaining Hong Kong for Great Britain.