Deck 18: The West on the Eve of a New World Order

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Kepler

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Why did Europe become the engine for rapid global change in the seventeenth and eighteenth century rather than China or some other non-Western society?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Scientific Revolution

Question 5

Take a position on the famous question of whether Napoleon was the "author or undertaker" of the French Revolution. Defend your position with specific examples.

Question 6

What characteristics of European civilization encouraged the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment and what factors prevented these developments in China?

Question 7

What caused the French Revolution to start when it did? Could its outbreak have been avoided, or postponed? Was the revolution inevitable? Why or why not?

Question 8

Describe the major innovations in art and music during the Enlightenment. Were they as important as the era's new social and economic ideas? Why or why not?

Question 9

What is "enlightened absolutism" and how "enlightened" was enlightened absolutism as it was manifested in eighteenth-century Europe? Cite the policies of specific rulers as examples to support your viewpoint.

Question 10

Compare the "high" and "popular" cultures of the mid-eighteenth centuries to today's culture. Is there any "high culture" left in the modern world? If so, what, and if not, why not?

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Galileo Galilei

Question 12

Discuss the emergence of the social sciences in terms of their philosophical foundations and the ideas of individuals such as John Locke and Adam Smith.

Question 13

How did European ideas about the natures of, and the relationships between, science and religion change during the seventeenth century? Were these changes restricted to just the intellectual classes? Why and or why not?

Question 14

Which revolution -- the American Revolution or the French Revolution - was the most "revolutionary"? Why? Be specific.

Question 15

Compare the colonial empires of Britain and France in the Americas, highlighting similarities and differences in their administration.

Question 16

Why were the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo so controversial in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Question 17

What was the relationship of the Enlightenment to the Scientific Revolution? Could the Enlightenment have occurred without the Scientific Revolution?

Question 18

How "revolutionary" was the French Revolution? Give specific examples.

Question 19

"The Scientific Revolution was the most revolutionary of all revolutions." Discuss critically, using specific examples.

Question 20

Discuss the positive and the negative contributions of Napoleon to the French Revolution and to Europe generally in the early nineteenth century. Would France and Europe have been better off if he had never attained political power? Why or why not?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Voltaire

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Rococo

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
feminism

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
high culture

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
laissez-faire

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Vindications of the Rights of Woman

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Isaac Newton's Principia

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Diderot's Encyclopedia

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
cottage industry

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
John Locke

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
popular culture

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
tabula rasa

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Enlightenment

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"putting-out" system

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
heliocentric theory

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
geocentric theory

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ptolemy

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Charles de Secondat

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
philosophes

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
enlightened despotism

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Joseph II

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
rentiers

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Seven Years War

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
separation of powers

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
patrician

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
deism

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the third estate

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Robert Clive

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Catherine the Great

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Marie Antoinette

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen"

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
scientific method

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Maximilien Robespierre

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Louis XVI

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Frederick the Great

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
world-machine

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Plassey

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Reign of Terror

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Committee of Public Safety

Question 61

Who was the first scientist to define elliptical planetary orbits?

A) Voltaire
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Nicolaus Copernicus
D) Ptolemy
E) Johannes Kepler

Question 62

As outlined in Newton's ____, the universe is a huge, regulated machine operating according to natural laws.

A) heliocentric theory
B) geocentric theory
C) world-machine concept
D) putting-out system
E) scientific method

Question 63

The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was

A) Diderot.
B) Voltaire.
C) Montesquieu.
D) Rousseau.
E) Descartes.

Question 64

The Catholic Church condemned the theories of ____________ because they threatened the Scriptures.

A) Voltaire and Rousseau
B) Copernicus and Galileo
C) Kepler and Newton
D) Galileo and Ptolemy
E) Newton and Copernicus

Question 65

The three laws of motion that govern the planetary bodies and the objects on earth were explained by

A) Isaac Newton.
B) Galileo Galilei.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Nicolaus Copernicus.
E) Johannes Kepler.

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 67

Who said that each of us is born with a tabula rasa ?

A) John Locke
B) Rene Descartes
C) Voltaire
D) Isaac Newton
E) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 68

Who proposed a heliocentric theory to explain the movement of the heavenly bodies?

A) Voltaire
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Nicolaus Copernicus
D) Ptolemy
E) Johannes Kepler

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
nationalism

Question 70

The philosophes generally included all of the following people EXCEPT

A) the rural lower classes.
B) the urban middle classes.
C) social reformers.
D) professors.
E) journalists.

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
natural rights

Question 72

Historians explain that the Scientific Revolution happened first in Europe - rather than in China -- for all of these reasons EXCEPT

A) a shift in the European world view from a metaphysical to a more materialist perspective.
B) Chinese persistence to embrace Confucian principles.
C) the attraction of the European mercantile classes to the 'new' science as a means to exploit resources.
D) Chinese disinterest in the practical applications of scientific insights.
E) a greater intellectual capacity in Europeans.

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
old regime

Question 74

The intellectuals of the Enlightenment use the word ____ to advocate for the application of the scientific method to the understanding of all life.

A) universe
B) reason
C) intellect
D) heart
E) desire

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
enlightened absolutism

Question 76

The Ptolemaic view of the universe argued that

A) the planets were imperfect and material.
B) the imperfect, motionless earth was in a state of constant change at the center of the universe.
C) heavenly bodies, composed of a crystalline substance, resided in concentric spheres that moved in circular orbits around the moon.
D) God and all the saved souls resided in the Empyrean Heaven that lay beyond the innermost, or tenth, sphere.
E) God and the saved souls were at the center of the universe.

Question 77

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Continental System

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
old order

Question 79

Which of these statements would John Locke find acceptable?

A) Some of us are born bad.
B) A positive environment will create positive results.
C) Everything that we are is in our genes.
D) Faith, not reason, determines what we know.
E) Original sin places limits on individual aspirations.

Question 80

Who asserted that the material composition of other planets and the moon was similar to that of the earth?

A) Voltaire
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Nicolaus Copernicus
D) Ptolemy
E) Johannes Kepler